PRE CAL

If the direction of rotation is

counterclockwise, the angle is positive
and if it is clockwise, the angle is
negative.
• Angular measure the amount of opening
of an angle is its measure and can also be
interpreted as the amount of rotation from
the initial side of an angle to its terminal
side.
• An angle is measured in degrees (°) where
1° is equal to 1/360 of a complete
revolution.
• A radian (1 rad) is the measure of the
central angle subtended by an arc of a
circle whose length is equal to the radius
of the circle. Aside from degrees, there are
other units used to indicate angular
measure. One of the most often used units
is radians.
• In Cartesian coordinate plane, an angle is
in standard position if its vertex is at the
origin and its initial side coincides with
the positive − .
• Coterminal Angle - Two angles in
standard position are said to be coterminal
if their terminal sides coincide. Or it can
be defined as the angles that have the same
initial side and the same terminal side.
• Linear measure of a central angle of a
circle is the length of the arc of the circle
that subtends the angle.
• Unit Circle - The study of Circular
Function is based on the circle with
equation 2 + 2 = 1. It provides an idea
connection between trigonometry and the
trigonometric function.
• Reference angle - of is the acute angle
formed by the terminal side of and the
− . It is the smallest positive angle
formed between the terminal side and the
−.
• Domain - set of all the values of the x
coordinate
• Range - set of all the values of the y
coordinate
• Amplitude - The amplitude of a function
represents half the distance between its
maximum and minimum value.
• Period - The number of times the graph
goes from one peak to another.
• Phase Shift - The measurement of how
far the function is shifted from the usual
position either horizontally or vertically.
• Identity Equation - is an equation that is
true for all values of the variable in the
domain of the equation.
• Conditional Equation - an equation that
is not identity.
• Inverse function - A function that
reverses what a given function f and is
usually denoted by f -1 .
• Interval – is a set of real numbers that
contains all real numbers lying between
any two numbers of the set.
• Fundamental Solution Set (FSS) – is the
set of all values satisfying the equation.
• Trigonometric Equation – is any
equation that involves trigonometric
expressions.
• ℝ - Real Numbers
 DRR

Geologic hazards - are geological processes that may cause the loss of lives, injuries,
damage to property, social and economic disruption as it may result in 
the loss of livelihood, or environmental damage.
Debris - is rubble, wreckage, ruins, litter and discarded garbage/refuse/trash, scattered 
  remains of something destroyed.
Eruption - The ejection of molten rock, steam, as from a volcano or geyser.
Fumarolic -The steam forms when superheated water boils as its pressure drops when it 
  emerges from the ground.
Geology - The science that deals with the dynamics and physical history of the earth, the 
  rocks of which it is composed, and the physical, chemical, and biological 
  changes that the earth has undergone or is undergoing.
Map - is a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place, usually 
  drawn on a flat surface.
Mitigation -Is the act of lessening or easing the harshness of a punishment, a fine, or 
someone's pain. In the legal world, a lawyer might ask a judge for mitigation of a 
Avalanche - These are masses of snow, ice, and rocks that fall rapidly down a
  mountainside. They can be deadly.
Earthquake - It is caused by the sudden release of slowly accumulating strain energy
  along a fault within the earth's crust.
Folds - These are another kind of geologic feature you'll find on the map, and these
                                          are features such as basins and domes.
geological features - These are things like faults, tilts, folds, and rock layers. And just like any other type of map, geologic maps have special symbols, lines, and colors
that
                                       help identify each type of feature.
Hydrometeorological hazards - are caused by extreme meteorological and climate events such as
 floods, droughts, hurricanes, tornadoes, landslides, or mudslides.
Barometer - is a scientific instrument that is used to measure air                   
  pressure in a certain environment.
Hazard - is a potential source of harm. Substances, events, or circumstances 
  can constitute hazards when their nature would allow them, even just 
  theoretically, to cause damage to health, life, property, or any other 
  interest of value.
Hydrology - is the science that encompasses the study of water on the Earth's 
  surface and beneath the surface of the Earth.
Meteorological - relating to the branch of science concerned with the processes and 
  phenomena of the atmosphere, especially as a means of forecasting 
  the weather.
Phenomena - a fact, occurrence, or circumstance observed or observable: to study 
  the phenomena of nature, something that is impressive or extraordinary. 
  A remarkable or exceptional person; prodigy; wonder.
Typhoon - is a low-pressure area, or a wide and violent tropical cyclone. It rotates 
  in the counterclockwise direction, with warm air rising above Western 
  Pacific Ocean warm water.
Flood - is characterized as superfluous water that swamps normally dry land 
Pacific Ocean warm water.
La Niña – represents periods of under-average sea surface temperatures across 
  the Equatorial Pacific in the east-central.
El Niño - refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction linked to 
  a regular warming of sea surface temperatures around the Equatorial 
  Pacific region and east-center.
Thunderstorm - is local storm created by cumulonimbus clouds and are often 
  accompanied by lightning and thunder, usually with strong wind gusts, 
  heavy rain and occasionally hail and/or tornado.
Storm Surge - is an abnormal rise in sea level during tropical cyclones or "bagyo".
Fire - is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of 
  combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.
Hazard - A hazard is a potential source of harm. 
Fire Triangle - represents the three elements needed for fire to occur; heat, fuel, and oxygen.
Fire tetrahedron - Is a triangular pyramid, a visual aid that reminds us of the four important 
  ingredients required to initiate and sustain a fire.
Oxidation - used to describe reactions in which an element combines with oxygen.
Backdraft - an explosion that occurs when oxygen is rapidly introduced into a superheated, 
  but oxygen-poor, confined space.
Haphazardly - characterized by lack of order or planning, by irregularity, or by randomness.
Combustible - a material than can be easily ignited and burned.
Kaingin - a farming system based on shifting, or slash and burn clearing of forest for the 
  planting of agricultural and agro-forestry crops.
Wildfire - A wildfire is an unplanned fire that burns in a natural area such as a forest, 
  grassland, or prairie.
Fuel, Heat, Oxidizing Agent, - four important ingredients required to initiate and sustain fire which requires
Conduction - Involves direct contact substances, typically solids, for heat to be transferred.
Convection - Involves the flow of liquids and gases in the transfer of heat. When liquids and 
gases are heated, they expanded.
Radiation - Is a manner of heat transfer that involves only electromagnetic waves, like 
  sunlight, or in case the fire - flame.
Incipient Stage - At this stage, all four requirements for a fire have been combined.
Growth Stage - the shortest of the four stages, it takes place when heat releases rate increases 
  of the burning of additional fuel. 
Fully-developed fire Stage - fire has consumed almost all of the available combustible material. 
Decay stage - lasts longest, takes place when oxygen and fuel begin to diminish. 
Disaster risk reduction (DRR) - is a term used for reducing and preventing disaster risks.
Disaster– A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society 
Disaster risk – The potential disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets  and services

Disaster Risk Management – The systematic process of using administrative directives, 

  organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement 

  strategies, policies
Disaster Risk Reduction – the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic   efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters.
Prevention – The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related 
  disasters.
Mitigation – structural and non-structural measures undertaken to limit the adverse     impact of natural hazards, environmental degradation.
Preparedness – The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, 
  professional response and recovery organizations, communities and 
  individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the 
  impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions.
Disaster Risk - is widely recognized as the consequence of the interaction between a 
  hazard and the characteristics that make people and places vulnerable  
  and exposed.
Hazards - is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on 
  something or someone.
Risk Management - is the process of identifying, assessing and controlling threats to an 
  organization's capital and earnings.
Prevention - Not all disasters, particularly natural disasters, can be prevented, but 
  the risk of loss of life and injury can be mitigated with good evacuation
  plans, environmental planning and design standards.
Mitigation - Disaster mitigation measures are those that eliminate or reduce the 
  impacts and risks of hazards through proactive measures taken before 
  an emergency or disaster occurs.
Preparedness - Preparedness focuses on preparing equipment and procedures for us 
  to use during a disaster.
Response - The response phase of an emergency may commence with Search and 
  Rescue.
Recovery - The recovery phase starts after the immediate threat to human life has 
  subsided.
Environmental Law - is a complex combination of state, federal, and international 
  treaty law pertaining to issues of concern to the environment and 
  protecting natural resources.
survival kits - a package of basic tools and supplies prepared as an aid to
  survival in an emergency.
Risk management - is the process of identifying, assessing and controlling threats to 
  an organization's capital and earnings.
REPUBLIC ACT 9003 ECOLOGICAL SOLID 
WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000 - In partnership with stakeholders, the law aims to adopt a 
  systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste 
  management program that shall ensure the protection of public 
  health and environment.
REPUBLIC ACT 9275 PHILIPPINE 
CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004 - The law aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution 
  from land-based sources (industries and commercial 
  establishments, agriculture and community/household activities).
REPUBLIC ACT 8749 PHILIPPINE 
CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999 - The law aims to achieve and maintain clean air that meets the 
  National Air Quality guideline values for criteria pollutants, 
  throughout the Philippines, while minimizing the possible 
  associated impacts to the economy.
REPUBLIC ACT 6969 TOXIC SUBSTANCES, 
HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTE CONTROL 
ACT OF 1990 - The law aims to regulate restrict or prohibit the importation, 
  manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of 
  chemical substances and mixtures the present unreasonable risk 
  to human health.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1586 ENVIRONMENTAL
 IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS) STATEMENT OF 1978 - to facilitate the attainment and maintenance of rational and 
    orderly balance between socio-economic development and 
    environmental protection.
 E TECH

MULTIMEDIA - Is a combination of text, animated graphics, video and sound delivered to you via electronic
  means. It is what appeals to users for entertainment, learning and research.

Static Elements - are the elements that do not move.

Text - contents express specific information.
Images - make the content more visually appealing.
Dynamic Elements - are the elements that are moving within a multimedia
Video – adds more attraction to users.
Audio – aids interactions with the users, it can also be added as background.
Animation – can include interactive effects which allow users interact with the use of mouse or keyboard.
Linear Multimedia – Presents information and active content without any navigation control for viewer.
Non - Linear Multimedia – It presents information requiring users interactivity to control progress. The users control delivery of   elements.
Online Multimedia - Used in applications available with internet.
Offline Multimedia – Application presented and used even without internet.
Hybrid Multimedia – combines features of online and offline applications.
Videos – through video hosting sites.
Sound, Music, or Audio – you can now share your sound bites to the entire world.
Online games – game developers now create “browser – based games”.
Online test – online survey forms and tests that automatically display the results when finished.
Courseware – online courses that stimulate the classroom online.
Podcast – episodic series of audio or text files streamed online.
Vodcast – episodic series of videos streamed online.
EDUTAINMENT – ( Education + Entertainment)
- The goal of using the multimedia approach is to entertain the user while being unaware that he or 
  she is actually learning in the process.
Business Communication - Product promotion, customer information, communication to employee.
Entertainment - industries produce computer games and develop animations or special effects for cartoons and   movies.
Public Access of Information - The ability of multimedia applications that allowed public access to information either online
  or offline
Advocacy - is a process of supporting and enabling people to express their views and concerns.
Social Media - online platforms used to spread news or for communication.
Platform - is any hardware or software used to host an application or service.
Social Reform - refers to any attempt that seeks to correct any injustices in a society
Change.org - a petition website
1983 to 1986 - The people power revolution lasted from _______
Radio Veritas, Cardinal Sin - encouraged the Filipinos to help end the regime of then President Ferdinand Marcos.
February 22 to 25, 1986 - A major protest took place along the EDSA from _______
EDSA DOS - This is also known as the 2001 EDSA Revolution
January 17 to 21, 2001 - date when EDSA DOS happened
Million People March - This is a series pf protest that mainly took place in Luneta Park
August 22 to 26, 2013 - the date when million people march happened
Facebook and Change.org - The organizers and promoters of the Million People March used these as their mediums
Yolanda People Finder - Recent storms in Philippines history gave birth to the People finder database powered by Google.
November (3-11), 2013 - the date when typhoon Yolanda hit the Philippines
Digital Citizenship - Refers to the utilization of information technology (IT) in order to engage in society, politics and
  Government.
Good digital citizenship - engages young students and shows them how to connect with one another, empathize with each other, and create lasting relationships through digital tools.
Bad digital citizenship - on the other hand, entails cyberbullying, irresponsible social media usage, and a general lack of 
  knowledge about how to safely use the Internet.
Digital Citizenship Principles - Engage Positively, Know Your Online World, and Choose Consciously
Digital Access - The most fundamental blocks to being a digital citizen, it is available in many remote countries via 
  cyber cafes and small coffee shops.
Digital Commerce – The ability of the users to recognize that much of the economy is regulated online, it also deals with 
  the understanding dangers and benefits of online buying, using credit cards online and such.
Digital Communication – Deals with the understanding of the variety of online communication mediums such as email, 
  instant messaging and Facebook messenger.
Digital Literacy – The ability and knowledge needed to learn and teach using technology tools.
Digital Etiquette – Certain mediums demand more appropriate behavior and language than others.
Digital Law – Involves illegal downloads, plagiarizing, hacking, creating viruses, sending spams, identity theft, 
  and cyberbullying.
Digital Rights and Responsibilities  – The set of rights that digital citizens have such as privacy, and speech.
Digital Health and Wellness – They must be aware to not become dependent to the internet causing eye strain, headaches, stress 
  problems and such.
Digital Security – Citizens must practice using difficult set of passwords, virus protections, and backing up data.
concept paper - is a document used to convince a panel of potential funders to help a product, program, or
  services become a reality.
Introduction - includes your group’s mission and vision and a brief introduction of your project.
Purpose - includes the reasons why this project is worth your group and your sponsor’s time, effort and money.
Description - includes all the necessary information about the project. It involves the sites you are going to produce 
  and the purpose of each and how they work in unison.
Support - contains the budget needed for the project. Some concept papers do not specify any amount 
  requested from the sponsor.
Contact Information - includes information on how the group can be contacted.
S – Specific M – Measurable A – Attainable R – Realistic T – Time-bounded
Social Campaign - is a large-scale attempt to communicate ideas and practices through mass media and interpersonal 
  communication.
Social Change - It is the way human interactions and relationships transform cultural and social institutions over time, 
  having a profound impact on society.
Online Platform - used to describe a range of services available on the Internet
Define and set up goals (Conversion) - Goals measure how well your site or app fulfills your target objectives.
Content inventory to identify update. - This includes assessment and review of the information written on the different 
  pages of the website
Performance analysis. - This is done by checking the generated analytics reports to see what people are 
  doing on your website, what keywords are bringing traffic, what are the frequently 
  visited webpages and which pages are they bouncing from.
Collect user feedback. - User feedback is an information coming directly from the clients, customers, or 
  visitors about the satisfaction or dissatisfaction they felt with a product service.
Create a content plan. - With all the information gathered from the mentioned strategies, you may
  now come up with a concrete plan for updating the website content.
Update/replace old content and add new content. - This is to the phase where updates are actually executed to replace the old content.  
Self-monitoring and evaluation - involves holding up a mirror to yourself and assessing how your strategy is going as 
  a way of learning and improving practice.
Participatory monitoring and evaluation - draws on stakeholder experience and participation. The
Conventional approaches - to impact assessment focus on whether a project has met its stated objectives and 
  contributed to the achievement of the overall project goals.
Participatory evaluations - in ICT projects should primarily be oriented to the information needs of the program 
  Stakeholders.
Ki-Projects - is a web-based project monitoring and evaluation software application for building
  results-based projects and systems to help you track and measure the performance 
  of your projects..