University of Perpetual Help System – JONELTA

Isabela Campus
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

INTELLECTUAL
REVOLUTIONS
MS. EXCELSIS VALLEJO
Instructor
 Where did SCIENCE begin?

How do we know it?

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 INTRODUCTION

idea

intellectual activity
SCIENCE
body of knowledge

personal and social activity

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 INTRODUCTION

SCIENCE idea intellectual activity

body of knowledge personal and social activity

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 Are new innovations, ideas or
changes in Science and
Technology accepted right
away?

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 INTRODUCTION

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 INTRODUCTION
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
a period of enlightenment when developments in the
fields of science that transformed the views of society
about nature

SCIENTISTS/PHILOSOPHERS

creative
curious
critical thinker

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
Nicolaus Copernicus
― a Polish mathematician and
astronomer
― thought experiment
― appointed canon at Frombork
Cathedral in Poland
― challenged the Ptolemaic
Model of Claudius Ptolemy, a
Roman mathematician and
astronomer

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
Ptolemaic Model
GEOCENTRISM
― planets, as well as sun and
moon, moved in a circular
motion around the Earth.

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
Nicolaus Copernicus
― introduced the HELIOCENTRISM
concept:
1. Sun is the center
2. Earth and all planets are
surrounding the Sun
3. Orbits of Venus and Mercury
lay inside the orbit of Earth
4. Orbits of Mars, Saturn, and
Jupiter lay outside the orbit
of Earth

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
***Copernicus Model problem is the
position of the stars.

The stars cannot be placed in a

fixed position.

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
Nicolaus Copernicus
― rejected by the public because it
appalled many because of their
religious belief
― persecuted as heretic

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
The Copernicus Model was
eventually accepted by the people
in a period which was called the
BIRTH OF MODERN ASTRONOMY.

“Father of Modern Astronomy”

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
Charles Robert Darwin
― an English naturalist, biologist
and geologist
― struggled in his study of
medicine and ministry
― studied Divinity in Cambridge
where he met Adam Sedgwick
and John Henslow

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
Lamarck’s Theory = Theory of Inheritance of
Acquired Characteristics

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
Charles Robert Darwin
― joined a five-year voyage
through the HMS Beagle on
the Islands of Galapagos with
the British Army

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
Charles Darwin
― published his book, On the
Origin of Species, which
introduced the Theory of
Evolution in 1589.

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
Theory of Evolution
― population pass through a
natural selection in which only
the fittest would survive

Evolution is the ability to adapt

to their environment and would
gradually change into something
that would be more competitive
to survive.

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
Charles Darwin
― concluded that natural
selection might occur because
of the following reasons:

1. Overproduction and
variation
2. Competition and selection
3. Environmental change

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
His theory was not accepted by
the people because they
believed the biblical version of
the Earth’s creation

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
Sigmund Freud
― an Austrian neurologist
― contributed the method of
psychoanalysis, which
explained how human mind
works and cure its mild mental
illness

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
Freud’s Topographical Model of
Mind

1. Conscious Mind
consists of thoughts that focus
on the present state of the mind

2. Preconscious Mind
consists of what can be retrieved
from the memory

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
Freud’s Topographical Model of
Mind

3. Unconscious Mind
consists of primitive desires,
wishes or impulse which is
mediated by the preconscious
mind

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
Freud’s Structural Model of
Mind

1. Id
comprises of Eros, the life or
survival instinct of a man and
Thanatos, the death or
destructive instinct of man

2. Ego
drives a socially acceptable way
to satisfy the demand of id

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
Freud’s Structural Model of
Mind

3. Superego
operates based on the principles
of morality that drive man to
become socially responsible and
behave in an acceptable manner

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 Change is hardest at the
beginning, messiest in the
middle and best at the end
-Robin S. Sharma

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 REFERENCES
Serafica, JPJ, Pawilen, GT, Caslib, Jr., BNC, and Alata,
EJP. (2018). Science, Technology and Society. 1st Ed.
Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI). Manila.

McNamara, DJ, Valverde, VM, Beleno III, R. (2018).

Science, Technology and Society. C&E Publishing,
Inc. Quezon City.

SOC420 (STS) | General Concepts and Historical Development

 ASSIGNMENT
1. On a clean paper (bond paper/yellow pad), answer the
questions briefly. Duplication of works will be marked as zero
for both students. (100 points)
a) Nicolaus Copernicus used only thought experiment in his
theories and ideas. Do you think thought experiment is still
useful in science in the present time? Explain why or why
not?
b) One of the factors that adds resistance to intellectual
revolution during the old times is religion. Do you think
religious institutions should intervene in scientific activities?
Explain why or why not?
c) In your own opinion, how important intellectual revolution is
and how do it transform societies?
d) Considering the current state of our society, do you think
science literacy among people has contributed to the
growth of our economy? Give examples.
Deadline: Next Meeting – no extension
 ASSIGNMENT
2. Read on Topic 3: Science, Technology and Nation-
Building, Topic 4: Science Education in the
Philippines and Topic 5: Indigenous Science and
Technology in the Philippines
 NEXT MEETING
1. Short Quiz (20pts.) on Intellectual
Revolution.
2. Recitation (open books or notes) on Topics
3-4.