4TH Quarter in MAPEH (Health)
Cancer – is caused by abnormal cells growing
Prevention and Control of Diseases and Disorder
(Non-communicable Diseases)
Disease – is a particular abnormal condition and
disorder of a structure or function, that affects some
or all parts of an organism. It is often interpreted as
a medical condition associated with signs and
symptoms.
Two categories of disease
1. Communicable Diseases –it is caused by pathogen
or diseases-causing organisms and can be
transmitted from one person to another or from
animals to people.
2. Non-communicable Disease (NCD) –are not cause
by pathogens or disease-causing organisms such as
bacteria and viruses, but by how people live, by the
conditions with which they are born or by the
hazards around them. It also includes diseases
caused by a breakdown of the body tissues
(degenerative diseases), poor diet, environmental
and occupational hazards, stress and tension.
Common Non-communicable diseases
1. Allergy- is a misguided reaction to foreign
substances by the immune system. The substances
that trigger allergy are called allergen (ex. Pollens,
dust mite, molds, dander and certain foods). People
prone to allergies are said to be allergic.
a. Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is the common of the
allergic diseases and is characterized by seasonal
nasal symptoms that due to pollens.
b. Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the
tissues layers (membranes) that cover the surface of
the eyeball and the undersurface of the eyelid.
c. Allergic eczema is an allergic rash that is usually
caused by skin contact with an allergen.
d. Hive (urticarial) is skin reactions that appear as
itchy swelling and can occur on any part of the body.
It caused by an allergic reaction, such as food or
medication.
e. Allergic shock or anaphylactic shock is a life-
threatening reaction that can affect a number of
organs at the same time. Allergic shock is caused by
dilated and leaky blood vessels, which result in a
drop in blood pressure.
2. Asthma- is a chronic lung disorder that causes
airways to become inflamed. Asthma may be
prevented through lifestyle changes, activity
reduction, allergy-shots, and medications.
3. Cardiovascular disease- is the disease of the heart
and blood vessel. These include Heart diseases and
vascular diseases.
a. Heart (cardio) diseases: Congenital Heart disease,
Congestive heart failure, Arrhythmia, Rheumatic
heart disease, myocardial infraction (heart attack)
b. Vascular (blood vessel) diseases: Arteriosclerosis,
Hypertension or high blood pressure, Stroke, and
Aneurysm
4.
without control. As these cells grow, they form in
masses called Tumors. Tumors can either be:
Benign-are not cancerous and do not spread. And
Malignant- are cancerous. They may spread to other
parts of the body. The spreading is called
Metastasis.
Most common cancers: Skin, Colon and rectum,
Lungs, Breast, Reproductive organs, and Bone
marrow (leukemia and lymphoma)
Treatment of Cancer
Surgery –this involves removal of tumor and repair
of the affected organ.
Radiation Therapy –this involves attacking the
cancer cell with X-rays or with rays.
Drug Therapy or Chemotherapy –this has become
an increasingly important method of cancer
treatment.
5. Diabetes –is a disease that prevents the body
from converting food into energy. Carbohydrates are
normally changed into a simple sugar called Glucose
(a source of energy). Insulin, the hormone produced
in the pancreas, regulates the level of glucose in the
blood.
Type I Diabetes is the result of little or no insulin
produced by the pancreas. It begins before the age
of 40.
Type II Diabetes is the result of too little insulin
produced by the pancreas or failure of the insulin to
function normally. Most often it begins in
overweight adults.
Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes: Excessive
Urination, Excessive Thirst, and Excessive Hunger.
6. Arthritis –refers to the inflammation of joints. It
usually occurs during old age.
Rheumatoid Arthritis –causes pain and swelling in
many joints throughout the body.
Osteoarthritis –is a disease of an older people. It
results from the wear and tear of joints, especially
those of the hands, hips, knees and spine.
7. Kidney or Renal Failure –is a medical condition in
which the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste
products from the blood.
Some agencies that provide health services
Department of Health –is the primary government
agency responsible for the equitable, sustainable,
and quality health for the Filipinos.
Department of Interior and Local Government
(DILG) –advocates “Perfect 10” lifestyle program to
prevent NCDs, and urges all local chief executives to
support the campaign