MAPEH

(HEALTH)
QUARTER 4 – MODULE 1
SUBTITLE
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DISEASES
AND DISORDER (NON-COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES)
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDs)
are not caused by pathogens or diseases causing organisms such as
bacteria or viruses, but rather, by how people live by the conditions with
which they are born or by hazards around them. It also includes diseases
caused by a breakdown of the body tissues, poor diet, stress and tension.
The common NonCommunicable Diseases are as follows:
Allergy
- is a misguided reaction to foreign
substances by the immune system.
There are six types of allergy such
as Hay fever, Allergic
Conjunctivitis, Allergic Eczema,
Hives, and Allergic Shock.
Asthma
- is a chronic lung
disorder that causes
airways to become
inflamed, which means
that they swell and
produce lots of thick
mucus.
Cardiovascular Disease
• a disease of the heart and blood
vessels. These include heart
diseases such as congenital heart
diseases, congestive heart failure,
arrhythmia, rheumatic heart
disease and myocardial
infarction or heart attack.
Vascular diseases also include,
such as arteriosclerosis,
hypertension or high blood
pressure. Stroke and aneurysm.
Cancer
caused by abnormal cells
growing without control.
As these abnormal cells
grow, they form in
masses called tumors.
Tumors can be either
Benign (not cancerous)
and Malignant (cells that
are cancerous). The most
common cancers are
skin, colon and rectum,
lungs, breast,
reproductive organ, and
bone marrow (leukemia
and lymphoma).
Cancer
Cancer may be diagnosed in different
ways:
• a. Biopsy- is the sample of a tissue or
muscles taken from the body.
• b. Curettage- a tissue from within the
body is removed.
• c. X-ray- a quick, painless test that
produces images of the structures
inside your body.
Treatment of Cancer
• a. Surgery- this involves removal of
tumor and repair of the affected organ.
• b. Radiation Therapy or radiotherapy-
involves attacking the cancer cells with
X-rays
• c. Drug therapy or chemotherapy- this
has become an increasingly important
method of cancer treatment. Drugs
have been proven effective especially in
treating leukemia and lymphoma
Diabetes
a disease that prevents the
body from converting food
into energy. Carbohydrates
are normally changed into a
simple sugar called glucose
(a source of energy). Insulin,
the hormones produce in
the pancreas, regulates the
level of glucose in the blood.
Diabetes includes the Type I
Diabetes (a little or no
insulin produced by
pancreas), and Type II (too
little insulin produced by
pancreas).
Arthritis-
refers to the
inflammation of joints. It
usually occurs during old
age. Example of these
are: Rheumatoid
Arthritis which causes
pain and swelling in
many joints throughout
the body and
Osteoarthritis which is
the result bone cushion
of protective cartilage
from wear and tear joints,
especially of those of the
hands, hips knees and
spine,
Kidney or Renal Failure-
a medical condition in
which the kidneys fail
to adequately filter
waste products from the
blood.
How can we prevent and control
diseases or disorder?
REMEMBER
• Non-communicable diseases are illnesses or diseases that cannot be
passed to one another by an infected person, these are not caused by
pathogens or diseases causing organisms such as bacteria or viruses,
but rather, by how people live by the conditions with which they are
born or by hazards around them. It also includes diseases caused by a
breakdown of the body tissues, poor diet, stress and tension. The
common Non- Communicable Diseases are allergy, asthma,
cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and renal failure.
They can be prevented and controlled by physical activities or regular
exercises, healthy eating, not smoking, weight management, routine
medical check- up, and stress management.