Assignment No.

1
1.) INTRINSIC DISEASE
Definition: any disease that are genetically, physiologically, and pathologically inclined

Example:
a. Huntington's disease is a genetic condition that results in the loss or degeneration of brain
nerve cells. A person's functioning abilities are significantly impacted by this disease, which
typically causes mobility, cognitive, and psychological issues.
• Movement disorders
- Uncontrollable jerking or writhing motions (chorea)
- Muscle issues(i.e. contracture or rigidity)
- Unusual eye movements (sluggish)
- Impaired balance, posture, and gait
- Problems speaking or swallowing

• Cognitive disorders
- Trouble prioritizing, organizing, or concentrating on tasks
- Lack of adaptability to become fixated on an idea, behavior, or action
- Inability to recognize own actions
- Difficulty processing thoughts or finding words

• Psychiatric disorders
- Depression

b. Marfan syndrome is an inherited condition that that impacted connective tissue. The heart,
eyes, blood vessels, and skeleton are the most typical organs affected by this disorder. Patients
with Marfan syndrome typically have exceptionally long limbs, legs, fingers, and toes along with
being tall and skinny.

c. Neurofibromatosis type 1
- Tumors develop on nerve tissue as a result of a series of hereditary diseases called
neurofibromatoses. NF1 neurofibromatosis is usually discovered in children. At birth or soon
after, symptoms are frequently apparent, and by age 10 almost invariably. Some signs and
symptoms are:
• Bone malformations
• Learning difficulties
• Optic nerve tumor
• Freckling in the groin

2.) EXTRINSIC DISEASE

Definition: any disease that enters the human body from outside
Example:

a. Rabies is a virus-based disease that is lethal but preventable. If a person was bitten or
scratched by a rabid animal, his/her central nervous system might be infected by the rabies
virus. The virus might cause weakness or discomfort, fever, or headaches. If the symptoms are
not treated right away, the patient who was bitten might develop anxiety, confusion, and cerebral
malfunction.
b.Tetanus (a.k.a. "lockjaw") is an infection caused by Clostridium tetani (bacteria).The toxin
that the bacteria generate when they enter the body induces painful muscle contractions. It
frequently results in the neck and jaw muscles locking, which makes it challenging to open the
mouth or swallow.

c. Malaria is an infection caused by Plasmodium parasite, which can transmit to people through
the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Patients who have malaria often experience
fever, chills, and flu-like illness, if left untreated, they may develop severe complications and die.

3.) IDIOPHATIC DISEASE

Definition: any disease with an unknown cause
Example:

a. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)

is a type of arthritis that causes the tendons and ligaments to stiffen. Reduced mobility, stiffness,
and soreness are possible effects of this condition. DISH is brought on by abnormal bone
development and calcification. An accumulation of calcium salts causes calcification, which
results in the hardening of ligaments and tendons. What triggers these condition is still unknown
to doctors.

b. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a unique form of fibrosing interstitial pneumonia with an
unexplained causes and usually affects older persons and is confined/limited to the lungs. Lung
scurring is one of its common effect in the body, that means there will be oxygen consumption
decreases over time.

c. Idiopathic scoliosis is one of three different types of scoliosis that causes the spine to acquire
an abnormal curve. This form of scoliosis is the most prevalent. Additionally, this type is
frequently minor, with only close observation as a kind of care.

Reference:

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis. . (n.d.).Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 08, August 2022,
from
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17948-diffuse-idiopathic-skeletal-hyperostosis#:~:t
=Diffuse%20idiopathic%20skeletal%20hyperostosis%20(DISH)%20is%20a%20condition%20wh
ere%20the,and%20the%20application%20of%20heat

Huntungton's Disease. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 08, August 2022, from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/huntingtons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-203
56117

Idiopathic scoliosis. (n.d.).Bodton Chikdren's Hospital. Retrieved 08, August 2022, from
https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/idiopathic-scoliosis

Sayf, A. ( 16, July 2021). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Medscape. Retrieved 08, August
2022, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/301226-overview

Malaria. (n.d.). CDC. Retrieved 08, August 2022, from

https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/malaria/index.html

Marfan Syndrome. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 08, August 2022, from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/marfan-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350
782

Neurofibromatoses. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 08, August 2022, from

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/neurofibromatosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350
490

Rabies. (n.d.). CDC. Retrieved 08, August 2022, from

https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/index.html#:~:text=Rabies%20is%20a%20fatal%20but,raccoons%2
C%20skunks%2C%20and%20foxes.

Tetanus. (n.d.). CDC. Retrieved 08, August 2022, from

https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/index.html#:~:text=Tetanus%20is%20an%20infection%20caused,o
pen%20the%20mouth%20or%20swallow.

Buenaventura, Manelli Faten G.

3B - BSMT
MT-HISTO 2.1 Lec
ASSIGNMENT NO. 2

1.) Pathogenesis
It refers to the manner of development of a disease or disorder. It may comprise elements that
play a role in the maintenance and progression of the disease.
The key words, pathogen and pathogenic need to be understood to comprehend pathogenesis.
When something is said to be pathogenic, it signifies that it can replicate and spread while also
having the potential to cause disease. Viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi infections are
among the most prevalent harmful pathogenic micro-organisms. These are collectively referred
to as pathogens, and they can all be harmful to one's health. Escherichia coli, Ringworm, E. coli,
and COVID-19 are examples of pathogens that are frequently encountered today.

2.) Symptoms
Subjective evidence of disease
Only a person who experienced breaks in their normal body function can be recognized
Example: stomachache, lower back pain, and fatigue

3.) Signs
Objective evidence of a disease
Health issues that can be observed by someone else (doctor, family members, friends, etc)
Example: rash or cough

4.) Laboratory finding

The outcome of a lab test used to assess a quality or find out whether a condition is present,
absent, or how severe it is.
Morphologic observation outcome of tissue, bodily fluid, or peripheral blood samples.

5.) Diagnoses
Identification of the disease and other health issues through an examination of the signs and
symptoms.
Characterization of a genus, species, or phenomenon

Information Source:
Felman, A. (22, August 2018). Why do signs and symptoms matter. Retrieved 08, August 2022,
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/161858

Laboratory Finding. (n.d.). Tititudorancea Retrieved 08, August 2022,

https://www.tititudorancea.com/z/laboratory_finding.htm

Pathogenesis. (n.d.). MBINFO. Retrieved 08, August 2022,

fromhttps://www.mechanobio.info/pathogenesis/