Amaylase

Creatine phosphokinase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Acid phosphatase

Biochemistry for college of dentistry

(Practical)

Second stage

Asst.lecture. Deine Majeed.

1.Serum Amaylase:

Amylase is an enzyme, or special protein, that helps you digest

carbohydrates. Most of the amylase in your body is made by your
pancreas and salivary glands. A small amount of amylase in your
blood and urine is normal

Amaylase test:
Tests for amylase in blood or urine are mainly used to diagnose
problems with your pancreas, including pancreatitis, which is an
inflammation of the pancreas. It is also used to monitor chronic
(long-term) pancreatitis.

Increases and decreases in amylase levels show up in blood

before urine, so an amylase urine test may be done with or after
an amylase blood test.
2.Creatine phosphokinase:

Creatine phosphokinase also known by the name creatine kinase

(CK), is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of creatine and
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to phosphocreatine (PCr) and
adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The phosphocreatine created from
this reaction is used to supply tissues and cells that require
substantial amounts of ATP, like the brain, skeletal muscles, and
the heart, with their required ATP. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
is a central controller of cellular energy homeostasis.

Creatine phosphokinase test:

This test may be used to: Diagnose heart attack Evaluate cause
of chest pain determine how badly a muscle is damaged. This test
also detect dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and other muscle
diseases.
3.Lactate dwhydrogenase:
Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that the body uses during
the process of turning sugar into energy for your cells to use. LDH
is found in many of the body's tissues and organs, including the
muscles, liver, heart, pancreas, kidneys, brain and blood cells

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test:

This test measures the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),

also known as lactic acid dehydrogenase, in your blood or
sometimes in other body fluids. It is found in almost all the body's
tissues such as heart, kidneys, brain, and lungs.
When these tissues are damaged, they release LDH into the
bloodstream or other body fluids then LDH blood or fluid levels be
high and it may mean certain tissues in your body have been
damaged by disease or injury.
4.Acid phosphatase

Acid phosphatase (AP) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis

of phosphate esters in an acidic environment. This chemical
reaction is essential to different metabolic processes. Therefore,
AP exists in several biological kingdoms, including plants,
animals, fungi, and even bacteria

Acid phosphatase test:

An Acid Phosphatase test is performed directly on a cut out
portion of a stain, an extract of a stain, or a “wipe” of the stained
material. A wipe may be made using a piece of filter paper,
thread, or swab