COMPLEX NUMBER

Total No.of questions in Complex Number are -

In Chapter Examples.............................................................. 15
Solved Examples ................................................................... 25

Total No. of questions .......................................................... 40

1. THE REAL NUMBER SYSTEM
Natural Number (N) : The number which are
used for counting are known as Natural Number
(also known as set of Positive Integers) i.e.
N = {1, 2, 3, ........................}
Whole Number (W) : If ' 0 ' is included in the
set of natural numbers then we get the set of
Whole Numbers i.e.W = {0, 1, 2, .....................}
= {N} + {0}
(vii) The magnitude of a physical quantity may be
expressed as a real number times, a standard
unit.
(viii)Number ' 0 ' is an additive quantity
(ix) Number '1' is multiplicative quantity.
(x) Infinity () is the concept of the number
greater than greatest you can imagine. It is
not a number, it is just a concept, so we do
not associate equality with it.
(xi) Division by zero is meaning less.
(xii) A non zero integer p is called prime if
p ± 1and its only divisors are ± 1 and ± p.

1.1 Modulus of a Real Number :

Integers (Z or I) :If negative natural number is
included in the set of whole number then we get The Modulus of a real number x is defined as
set of Integers i.e. follows
Z or I = {.............–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3,.............} x = x when x > 0
0 when x = 0
Rational Numbers (Q) : The numbers which –x when x < 0
are in the form of p/q (Where p, q  I, q  0)
e.g. 3 = 3 6 = – (– 6) = 6
2 1
are called as Rational Number e.g.
3
, 3,
3
,
Now xa =
R
Sxa when x  a
0.76, 1.2322 etc. T(x  a) when x  a

Irrational Numbers : The numbers which are not 1.2 Intervals : Let a, x, b are real number so that
rational i.e. which can not be expressed in p/q form or x  [a, b]  a  x  b
whose decimal part is non terminating non repeating [a,b] is known as the closed interval a, b
but which may represent magnitude of physical x  (a, b)  a < x < b
quantities. e.g. 2 , 51/3, , e,.....etc. (a, b) is known as the open interval a, b
x  (a, b]  a < x  b
Real Numbers (R) : The set of Rational and Irra- (a, b] is known as semi open, semi closed
tional Number is called as set of Real Numbers i.e. Interval
N  W Z  Q  R x  [a, b)  a  x < b
[a, b) is known as semi closed, semi open
Note : Interval
(i) Number zero is neither positive nor negative
but is an even number. 2. IMAGINARY NUMBER
(ii) Square of a real number is always positive.
(iii) Between two real numbers there lie infinite Square root of a negative real number is an
real numbers. imaginary number, while solving equation x 2 + 1
(iv) The real number system is totally ordered, = 0 we get x = ± 1 which is imaginary. So
for any two numbers a, b R , we must say, the quantity 1 is denoted by 'i' called 'iota'
either a < b or b < a or b = a.
thus i = 1
(v) All real number can be represented by points
on a straight line. This line is called as Further 2 , 3 ,  4 .....................may
number line. be expressed as ± i 2,±i 3 , ± 2i ................
(vi) An Integer (Note) is said to be even, if it is
2.1 Integral powers of iota
divided by 2 other wise it is odd number.
As we have seen i = 1 so i2 = – 1
 i3 = – i and i4 = 1 Here if x = 0 the complex number is purely
Hence n  N , in = i, – 1, – i, 1 attains four Imaginary and if y = 0 the complex number is
values according to the value of n, so purely Real.
i4n + 1 = i, i4n + 2 = – 1 A complex number may also be defined as an
i4n + 3 = – i, i4n or i 4n + 4 = 1 ordered pair of real numbers any may be denoted
by the symbol (a, b). If we write z = (a, b) then
In other words in = (–1)n/2 if n is even integer
n 1 a is called the real part and b the imaginary part
in = (  1) 2
i if n is odd integer. of the complex number z.
Note :
Note :– (i) Inequalities in complex number are not
(i) i2 = i × i = defined because 'i' is neither positive, zero
1 × 1  1
nor negative so 4 + 3i < 1 + 2i or i< 0
(ii) a. b = a . b possible iff both a, b are or i > 0 is meaning less.
non-negative. (incorrect). It is also true for (ii) If two complex numbers are equal, then their
one positive and one negative no. real and imaginary parts are separately equal.
e.g. (2)(3) =  2. 3 Thus if a + ib = c + id
 a = c and b = d
only invalid when both are negative means
so if z = 0 x + iy =0  x =0 and y = 0
a.b  a . b iff a & b both are negative.
The student must note that
(iii) ' i ' is neither positive, zero nor negative, Due
x, y  R and x, y  0. Then if
to this reason order relations are not defined
x + y = 0  x = y is correct
for imaginary numbers.
but x + i y = 0  x =– iy is incorrect
Hence a real number cannot be equal to the
Imaginary Numbers
imaginary number, unless both are zero.
Ex.1 Find the value of [i]198 (iii) The complex number 0 is purely real and
Sol. [i]198 = [i2]99 = [–1] 99 = – 1 purely imaginary both.
Ans. 3.1 Representation of a Complex Number :
Ex.2 Find the value of in + i n+1+ in+2 + in+3
(a) Cartesian Representation :
Sol. in + i n+1+ in+2 + i n+3
The complex number z = x + iy = (x, y) is
= in [1 + i + i2 + i3]
represented by a point P whose coordinates are
= in [1 + i – 1 – i] = in [0] =0
refered to rectangular axis xox´ and yoy´, which
Ans.
are called real and imaginary axes respectively.
Ex.3 2 4 6
The sum of series i + i + i + .......(2n + 1) Thus a complex number z is represented by a
terms is - point in a plane, and corresponding to every point
(A) 0 (B) 1 in this plane there exists a complex number such
(C) n (D) – 1 a plane is called Argand plane or Argand diagram
Sol. Given series is a G.P. So, Sum of a G. P. is or complex plane or gussian plane.

i2 [1  (i2 ) 2n1 ] ( 1)(1 (i) 4n 2 )

= 2 =
1 i 1 1
( 1)(1 1)
= = – 1 Ans.[D]
2
3. COMPLEX NUMBER

A number of the form z = x + iy where x, y R and

i = 1 is called a complex number where x is
called as real part and y is called imaginary part
of complex number and they are expressed as
Re ( z ) = x, Im ( z ) = y
Note : Cancellation Law :
(i) Distance of any complex number from the
origin is called the modulus of complex
z1  z2  z1  z3 U
V z  z3
z z z z W
2
2 1 3 1
number and is denoted by |z|. Thus,
z z z z U
 0 z z  z z V z
|z| = x 2  y 2 . 1 2 1 3
 z3
and z1
(ii) Angle of any complex number with positive 2 W 1 3 1
2

direction of x-axis is called amplitude or Distributivity : z1 (z2 + z3) = z1 z2 + z1 z3

argument of z. Thus, amp (z) = arg (z) =  and (z2 + z3) z1 = z2 z1 + z3 z1
y
= tan–1 . 3.3 Conjugate Complex Number :
x
The complex numbers z = (a, b) = a + ib and
(b) Polar Representation : If z = x + iy is a z = (a, – b) = a – ib where b  0 are said to be
complex number then z = r (cos  + i sin ) complex conjugate of each other (Here the
is a polar form of complex number z where complex conjugate is obtained by just changing
x = r cos , y = r sin  and r = x 2  y 2 = |z|. the sign of i) e.g.conjugate of z = – 3 + 4i is
z = – 3 – 4i.
(c) Exponential Form : If z = x + iy is a complex
Note : Image of any complex number in x-axis is
number then its exponential form is z = r ei
where r is modulas and  is amplitude of called its conjugate.
complex number.
3.3.1 Properties of Conjugate Complex Number
(d) Vector Representation : If z = x + iy is a
complex number such that it represent point Let z = a + ib and z = a – ib then
P(x, y) then its vector representation is (i) bg
z = z

z = OP (ii) z + z = 2a = 2 Re (z) = purely real
(iii) z – z = 2ib = 2i Im (z) = purely imaginary
3.2 Algebraic operations with Complex Number: (iv) z z = a2 + b2 = |z|2
Addition (a + ib) + (c + id) = (a + c) + i (b + d) (v) z1  z2 = z1 + z 2
Subtraction (a + ib)–(c + id) = (a – c) + i (b – d)
Multiplication (a + ib) (c + id)= ac +iad +ibc+i 2bd (vi) z1  z2 = z1 – z 2
=(ac – bd) + i (ad + bc) (vii) rei = re–i

Division
a  ib
=
(a  ib)(c  id)
F
Gz I
J1 z 1
c  id (c  id)(c  id)
(when at least one of c and d is non zero)
(viii)
HK
z 2
= z
2

= bg
n n
(ix) z z
(ac  bd) (bc  ad)
= + i
c 2  d2 c 2  d2 (x) z1 z2 = z1 z2
3.2.1 Properties of Algebraic operations (xi) z + z = 0 or z = – z
with Complex Number  z = 0 or z is purely imaginary
Let z, z1, z2 and z3 are any complex number (xii) z = z  z is purely real
then their algebraic operation satisfy following
properties- Complex Number
Commutativity : z1 + z2 = z2 + z1 & z1 z2 = z2z1
Ex.4 If(x + iy) (2 – 3i) = 4 + i, then-
Associativity : (z1+ z2) + z3 = z1 + (z2 + z3)
(A) x = –14/13, y = 5/13
and (z1 z2) z3 = z1(z2 z3) (B) x = 5/13, y = 14/13
Identity element : If O = (0, 0) and 1 = (1, 0) (C) x = 14/13, y = 5/13
then z + 0 = 0 + z = z and z.1 = 1. z = z.
(D) x = 5/13, y = –14/13
Thus 0 and 1 are the identity elements for addition
and multiplication respectively. 4i (4  i)(2  3i) 5  14i
Sol. x + iy = = =
Inverse element : Additive inverse of z is – z 2 3i 13 13
1  x = 5/13, y = 14/13.
and multiplicative inverse of z is . Ans.[B]
z
Ex.5 The polar form of – 1 + i is- Sol. Let z = x + iy then
(A) 2 (cos  / 4 + i sin  / 4) z 1 x  iy  1 ( x  1)  iy
(B) = =
2 (cos 5 / 4 + i sin 5 / 4) z 1 x  iy  1 ( x  1)  iy

(C) 2 (cos 3 / 4 + i sin 3 /4) ( x  1)  iy ( x  1)  iy

= ×
( x  1)  iy ( x  1)  iy
(D) 2 (cos  / 4 – i sin  / 4)
x2  1 iy ( x  1)  iy( x  1)  y 2
Sol.   1  i = =
2 , amp (– 1 + i) = – /4 = 3/4 ( x  1)2  y 2

  –1 + i = 2 (cos 3 / 4 + i sin 3 / 4) ( x 2  1 y 2 )  i [ 2 x y ]

=
Ans. [C] ( x  1) 2  y 2
If it is purely Imaginary
1
Ex.6 The conjugate of is - x 2  1 y 2
3  4i
= 0
1 ( x  1) 2  y 2
(A) (3 – 4i) (B) (3 + 4i)
25
 x2 + y2 – 1 = 0
1
(C) (3 – 4i) (D) None of these  x 2 + y2 = 1
25
1 3  4i which is the equation of a circle.
1
Sol. = = (3 – 4i) Ans.[A]
3  4i (3  4i)(3  4i) 25
Ex.9 If A  1 + 2i, B  –3 + i, C  – 2 – 3i and
F1 I
conjugate of G J =
1 D  2 – 2i are vertices of a quadrilateral, then
H3  4i K 25
(3 + 4i).
it is a
Ans. [B] (A) rectangle (B) parallelogram
(C) square (D) rhombus
3  2 i sin 
Ex.7 If is purely real, then is equal to-  A  (1, 2); B  (–3, 1); C  (–2, –3); D  (2, –2)
1 2 i sin 
 AB2 = 16 + 1 = 17, BC2 = 1 + 16 = 17
(A) n ±  /6 (B) n
CD2 = 16 + 1 = 17, AC2 = 9 + 25 = 34
(C) 2n ±  /3 (D) n  ±  /3
BD2 = 25 + 9 = 34.
3  2 i sin  1 2 i sin  Now since AB = BC = CD and AC = BD
Sol. Given ×
1 2 i sin  1 2 i sin   ABCD is square. Ans.[C]

3  6i sin   2i sin   4 sin 2 

=
1 4 sin 2  4. MODULUS OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
If z = x + iy then modulus of z is equal to
3  4 sin 2   8 i sin 
= x2  y 2 and it is denoted by |z|. Thus
2
1 4 sin 
z = x + iy  |z| = x2  y 2
If it is purely real then

8 sin 
Note :
= 0  sin  = 0   = n  Modulus of every complex number is a non
1 4 sin 2 
negative real number.
Ans.[B]
z 1 4.1 Properties of modulus of a Complex Number
Ex.8 If Complex Number is purely imaginary (i) |z|  0
z 1
then locus of z is - (ii) – |z|  Re (z)  |z|
(A) a circle (B) a straight line (iii) – |z| Im (z)  |z|
(C) a parabola (D) None of these (iv) |z| = | z |= |– z| = |– z |
 (v) z z = |z|2  |x + iy – 3i| = |x + iy + 3i|
(vi) |z1 z2| = |z1| |z2|  x 2  ( y  3)2 = x2  ( y  3 ) 2
z1 z1  12 y = 0
(vii) = (z2  0)
z2 z2  y = 0, which is equation of x - axis
(viii) |z|n = |zn|, n  N Ans.[A]
1
(ix) |z| = 1  z =
z 5. AMPLITUDE OR ARGUMENT OF A COMPLEX
z NUMBER
(x) z –1 = 2
z The amplitude or argument of a complex number
(xi) |z1 ± z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2Re (z1 z 2) z is the inclination of the directed line segment
(xii) |z1+z2|2 + |z1–z2|2 =2 [|z1|2 + |z2|2] representing z, with real axis.
(xiii) |rei|= r

Modulus of a Complex Number

If z = x + iy then

Ex.10 The modulus of z=

e1 i 3 j(cos   i sin ) is-
2(1 i)(cos   i sin )
1 1
y F
GIJ
(A)
3 2
(B)
3
amp (z) = tan–1 x HK
For finding the argument of any complex number
1
(C) (D) 1 first check that the complex number is in which
2
quadrant and then find the angle  and amplitude
|1 i 3 | |cos   i sin  |
Sol. |z| = using the adjacent figure.
2 |1 i| |cos   i sin  |
2 1
= = Ans.[C]
2 2 2

Ex.11 If for any complex number z, |z – 4| < |z – 2|,

then
(A) R(z) > 2 (B) R(z) < 0
(C) R(z) > 0 (D) R(z) > 3
Sol. Let z = x + iy, then
Note :
|z – 4| < |z – 2|
 (x – 4)2 + y2 < (x – 2)2 + y2 (i) Principle value of any complex number lies
 – 4x < – 12   x > 3 between –  <   
(ii) Amplitude of a complex number is a many
 R(z) > 3 Ans.[D]
valued function. If  is the argument of a
z  3i
Ex.12 If = 1 then the locus of z is - complex number then (2n+ ) is also
z  3i
argument of complex number.
(A) x axis (iii) Argument of zero is not defined.
(B) x – y = 0
(iv) If a complex number is multiplied by iota (i)
(C) Circle passing through origin its amplitude will be increased by / 2 and
(D) y axis
will be decreased by /2, if is multiplied by –i.
Sol. Let z = x + iy then
(v) Amplitude of complex number in I and II
z  3i quadrant is always positive and in III and IV
= 1  |z – 3i| = | z + 3i|
z  3i is always negative.
5.1 Properties of argument of a Complex Number 3 i 3 i
Ex.15 If z = + then arg (zi) is-
(i) amp (any real positive number) = 0 2i 2i
(ii) amp (any real negative number) =  (A) –  (B) 
 
(iii) amp (z – z ) = ± /2 (C) (D) –
2 2
(iv) amp (z1 . z2) = amp (z1) + amp (z2) 3 i 3 i
Sol. z = +
Fz I 2i 2i
amp G
Hz JK= amp (z )
1
(v) 1 – amp (z2) (3  i)(2  i)  (3  i)(2  i)
2 =
(2  i)(2  i)
(vi) amp ( z ) = – amp (z) = amp (1/z)  z = 2  (iz) = 2i, which is the positive
(vii) amp (– z) = amp (z) ±  Imaginary quantity
(viii) amp (zn) = n amp (z) 
 arg (iz) = Ans.[D]
(ix) amp (iy) = /2 if y > 0 2

= – /2, if y < 0
6. SQUARE ROOT OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
(x) amp (z) + amp ( z ) = 0
The square root of z = a + ib is -
L
M z a z a O
P
Amplitude of a Complex Number a  ib = ± M 2  i
2 Pfor b > 0
N Q
a  ib L
M z a z a O
P
Ex.13 The amplitude of is equal to- and ± M 2  i
a  ib 2 P for b < 0
Fa  b I 2 F2ab I
2
N Q
(B) tan G
G J Ha  b JK
Note :
(A)tan–1
Ha  b K 2 2
–1
2 2
F1  iI
F2ab I Fa  b I 2 2
(i) The square root of i is ± G
H2 JK(Here b = 1)
(C) tan G J (D) tan G2ab J F
1 iI
Ha  b K
–1
2 2
H K –1

G
Fa  ib I
(ii) The square root of – i is ±
H2 JK(Here b = –1)
amp G J= amp (a + ib) – amp (a – ib)
Sol.
Ha  ib K (iii) The square root of  is ± 2
(iv) The square root of 2 is ± 
Fb I
= tan GJ– tan G
F b IJ
Ha K
–1
Ha K –1

L 2(b / a) O F2ab I 7. TRIANGLE INEQUALITIES

= tan M P G
M
N1 (b / a ) P
–1
Q= tan
2
Ha  b JK
2
–1
2 2
(i) |z1 ± z2|  |z1| + |z2|
(ii) |z1 ± z2|  |z1| – |z2|
Ans.[B]
1 8. MISCELLANEOUS RESULTS
Ex.14 If z = then arg ( z ) is -
i
(i) If ABC is an equilateral triangle having

(A)  (B) – vertices z1, z2, z3 then z12 + z22 + z 32
2
= z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1

(C) 0 (D) 1 1 1
2 or + + = 0.
1 1 i i z1  z2 z2  z3 z3  z1
Sol. z = = × = = – i (ii) If z1, z2, z3, z4 are vertices of parallelogram
i i i 1
then z1 + z3 = z2 + z4.
 z = i, which is the positive Imaginary quantity
(iii) Let z1 = x1 + iy1 and z2 = x2 + iy2 be two

 arg ( z ) = Ans.[D] complex numbers represented by points P
2 and Q respectively in Argand Plane then -
  
PQ = ( x 2  x1 ) 2  ( y 2  y1 ) 2 = arg. PR – arg PQ
= | (x 2 – x 1) + i (y2 –y1) | = |z2 – z1| Fz  z I
= arg G
Hz  z JK
3

2
1

1
(iv) If a point P divides AB in the ratio of m : n,
mz2  nz1
then z = where z1, z2 and z
mn
represents the point A, B and P respectively.
(v) |z – z1| = |z – z2| represents a
perpendicular bisector of the line segment
joining the points z1 and z2.
(vi) Let P be any point on a circle whose centre
C and radius r, let the affixes of P and C be (a) If z1, z2, z3 are collinear, thus  = 0
z and z0 then |z – z0| = r. z3  z1
(a) Again if |z – z0| < r represent interior of therefore z  z is purely real.
2 1
the circle of radius r.
(b) If z1, z2, z3 are such that PR  PQ,
(b) |z – z0| > r represent exterior of the circle
of radius r. z3  z1
 =  / 2 So z  z is purely imaginary.
(vii) Let z1, z2, z3 be the affixes of P, Q, R 2 1

respectively in the Argand Plane. Then from

the figure the angle between PQ and PR is.
 = 2 – 1
 SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.1 3 is equal to - F
G1 I
H2 , 1JK, then the value of z
2 –1
Ex.4 If z = is-
(A) i 6 (B) – 6
(C) 6 (D) None of these  2 4 1 2
(A)   ,  (B)  5 ,  5 
 5 5  
Sol. 2 × 3 = 2i × 3i
 1 2 2 4
(C)  ,  (D)  ,  
2
= 6 ( i ) = – 6
Ans.[B] 5 5 5 5

z (1/ 2)  i 2 4
Ex.2 If x be real , the relation in a and b , when Sol. z–1 = 2 = 2 = – i
|z| (1/ 2)  1 5 5
1  ix
= a – ib , is
1  ix 2 4
=  ,  Ans.[D]
(A) ab = 1 (B) a2 – b2 = 1 5 5
(C) a2 + b2 = 1 (D) None of these
1  ix   
tan   i  sin  cos 
Sol.  = a – ib  2 2
1  ix Ex.5 If is purely imaginary

on taking modulus; we get 1  2i sin
2
1  ix then general value of  is -
| a – ib | =
1  ix 

(A) n + (B) 2n +
1  ix | 1  ix | 4 4
 a 2  b2 = 1  ix
= | 1  ix | = 1  
(C) n + (D) 2n +
2 2
 a2 + b2 = 1 Ans.[3]
Sol. Multiply above and below by conjugate of
denominator and put real part equal to zero.
Ex.3 If the vertices of any quadrilateral are
A = 1+ 2i, B = –3 + i, C = –2 – 3i , and    
tan   i  sin  cos  1  2i sin
D = 2 – 2i, then it is-  2 2 2
= × =
 
(A) Parallelogram (B) Rhombus 1  2i sin 1  2i sin
(C) Square (D) Rectangle 2 2
      
Sol. A = (1, 2), B = (–3, 1) tan   2 sin  sin  cos   i sin  cos  2 tan  sin 
2 2 2  2 2 2
C = (–2,–3), D = (2, –2) 
1  4 sin 2
2
 AB = ( 3  1) 2  (1  2)2 = 17
  sin   cos  
 tan  – 2 sin   = 0
BC = 2
( 2  3)  ( 3  1) 2 = 17 2  2 2
sin 
CD = ( 2  2) 2  (  2  3 ) 2 = 17  – (1 – cos ) – sin  = 0
cos 
DA = (1  2)2  (2  2) 2 = 17  1  cos  
 sin    – (1 – cos ) = 0
 cos  
Diagonal AC = ( 2  1)2  ( 3  2)2 = 34
 (1 – cos ) (tan  – 1) = 0
and BD = (2  3)2  ( 2  1) 2 = 34 cos  = 1   = 2n and
 AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD 
tan  = 1   = n + Ans.[A]
 ABCD is a square Ans.[3] 4
Ex.6 For any two non real complex numbers z1, z2 Sol. Given points are A(3, 4), B(5, –2) and C(– 1, 16).
if z1 + z2 and z1z2 are real numbers, then 24
Now slope of AB = = – 3
(A) z1 = 1/z2 (B) z1 = z2 53
(C) z1 = –z2 (D) z1 = z2 16  2
slope of BC = = – 3
Sol. Let z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id (b  0, d  0).  1 5
Then z1 + z2 and z1z2 are real  slope of AB = slope of BC
 b + d = 0 and ad + bc = 0  A, B, C are collinear. Ans.[A]
 d = – b and c = a(  b  0, d  0)
 z1 = z2 Ans.[B] Ex.10 If complex numbers z1, z2 and 0 are vertices
of an equilateral triangle, then z12 + z22 – z1z2
Ex.7 In a complex plane z1, z2, z3, z4 taken in is equal to-
order are vertices of parallelogram if (A) 0 (B) z1 – z2
(A) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (B) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4 (C) z1 + z2 (D) 1
(C) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (D) None of these Sol. z1, z 2, 0 are vertices of an equilateral
Sol. Let the given points be A, B, C, D respectively. triangle, so we have
Then ABCD is a parallelogram, so - z12 + z22 + 02 = z1z2 + z2.0 + 0.z1
  (a property)
AB = DC  z12 + z22 = z1z2
 z2 – z1 = z 3 – z 4  z12 + z22 – z1z2 = 0.
Ans. [A]
 z1 + z 3 = z 2 + z 4 Ans.[B]

z  (1 / 5 )i
Ex.8 The complex numbers sin x + i cos 2x and Ex.11 If w = and | w | = 1, then complex
z
cos x – i sin 2x are conjugate to each other
number z lies on
when-
(A) a parabola (B) a circle
F
G 1I
n J (C) a line (D) None of these
(A) x = 0 (B) x = H 2K Sol. | w | = 1   | z – (1/5)i | = | z |
(C) x = n (D) no value of x
 | z – (1/5)i |2 = | z |2
Sol. sin x + i cos 2x = cos x + i sin 2x  | x + iy – 1/5i |2 = | x + iy |2
 tan x = 1 and tan 2x = 1
 x2 + (y – 1/5)2 = x 2 + y2
 n   – 2/5y + 1/25 = 0
 x = n  + and x = +
4 2 8  10y = 1, which is a line.
R
S ...,
7   3   5  9 
, , , ,
U
,.....V
Ans.[C]
 x  
T 4 4 4 4 4 W Ex.12 If complex numbers z1, z2, z3 represent the
R
  S
...,
7   3   5  9 
, , , ,
U
,.....V vertices of an equilateral triangle such that
T 8 8 8 8 8 W |z1| = |z2| = |z3| ;then-
 there is no common value of x. (A) I(z1 + z2 + z3) = 0 (B) z1 + z2 + z3 = 0
Ans.[D] (C) R(z1 + z2 + z3) =0 (D) None of these
Sol. Let A, B, C denote complex numbers z1, z2, z3.
Ex.9 If A, B and C are respectively the complex Then | z1 | = |z2 | = | z3 | OA = OB = OC
numbers 3 + 4i, 5 – 2i, – 1 + 16i, then A,  O is the circumcentre of  ABC
B, C are-  O is the centroid of  ABC
(A) collinear (  it is equilateral)
(B) vertices of right-angle triangle    
(C) vertices of isosceles triangle
 OA + OB + OC = 0
(D) vertices of equilateral triangle  z1 + z 2 + z 3 = 0
Ans.[B]
Ex.13 If z1,z2 are any two complex numbers and a,
F
G I
b are any two real numbers, then
|az1 – bz2|2 + |bz1 + az2|2 is equal to-
= – tan H2  2 JK
(A) (a2 + b2)(|z1 |2 + |z2 |2) F
G I
(B) a2b2(|z1|2 + |z2|2) or tan   = tan H2  2 JK
(C) (a + b)2(|z1|2 + |z2|2)  
(D) None of these  amp(z) = – Ans.[C]
2 2
Sol. Expression
= (az1–bz2) (az1  bz2 ) +(bz1 + az2) (bz1  az2 ) Ex.16 If xn = cos ( /2n) + i sin (/2n) , then
x1x 2 x3........... is equal to-
= (az1– bz2)(a z1 – b z2 ) (A) – 1 (B) 1
(C) 0 (D) 
+ (bz1 + az2) (b z1 + a z2 )
Sol. x1x 2 x3 .......
= a2 |z1 |2 + b2 | z2 |2 + b2 |z1|2 + a2 |z2|2
F
G   I
= (a2 + b2) (|z1 |2 + | z2 |2)
Ans.[A]
= cosH2  2  2  .........JK
2 3

F      .........IJ Ans.[A]
+ i sin G
Ex.14 If z = x + iy, and if log
| z | 2  | z | 1
< 2
H2 2 2 2 3 K
3 2 | z |
then z lies in the interior of the circle
Ex.17 If z1 = 10 + 6i, z2 = 4 + 6i and z is a complex
(A) |z| = 4 (B) |z| = 3
Fz  z I 
(C) |z| = 2 (D) |z| = 5 number such that amp G
Hz  z JK= 4 ,
1

log | z | 2  | z | 1 then |z – 7 – 9i| is equal to-

Sol. < 2
3 2 | z |
(A) 2 2 (B) 2
| z | 2  | z | 1
 < ( 3 )2 (C) 3 2 (D) 2 3
2 | z |
 |z|2 – |z| +1 < 6 + 3 |z|
Fz  z I
|z|2 – 4|z| – 5 < 0 Sol. If z = x + iy, then amp G
Hz  z JK=
1

2

4
(|z| – 5) (|z| + 1)  (|z| – 5) < 0
2 2
since |z| +1 > 0  |z| < 5  x + y – 14x – 18y + 112 = 0 ...(1)
Hence z lies inside the circle |z| = 5 Now |z – 7 – 9i|
Ans.[D] = x 2  y 2  14 x  18 y  130

Ex.15 The amplitude of 1 – cos  – i sin  is - = 3 2. (from 1) Ans.[C]

1 
(A) ( –  ) (B) Ex.18 The polar form of complex number
2 2
    {cos(  / 3)  i sin(  / 3)} ( 3  i)
(C) – + (D) + z = is-
2 2 2 2 i 1
Sol. Let
F
G
cos
7
 i sin
7 I
J
z = 1 – cos   – i sin    r(cos  + i sin  ) (A) 2 H 12 12 K

 tan  = –
sin 
F
G
cos
13 
 i sin
13  I
J
1 cos  (B) 2 H 12 12 K
 2 sin(  / 2) cos ( / 2)
F
G 11 11 I
Hcos 12  i sin 12 JK
=
2 sin2 ( / 2) (C) 2
= – cot ( / 2) (D) None of these
Sol. Here |z|
Sol. Let  8  6i = ± (a + ib)
|cos(  / 3)  i sin( / 3)|| 3  i| 2  – 8 – 6i = a2 – b2 + 2iab
= = = 2
|i  1| 2  a2 – b2 = – 8 ...[1]
Again amp(z) = amp {cos(/3) – i sin (/3)} 2ab = – 6  ab = – 3 ...[2]
+ amp ( 3 + i) – amp (– 1 + i) (a2 + b2)2 = (a2 – b2)2 + 4a2b2
= (–8)2 + (–6)2
  F
G I
 J= – 11 = 64 + 36 = 100
= –
3
+
6
– H 4K 12  a2 + b2 = 10 ...[3]
Therefore from equation (2) and (3)
a = 1, b = –3
R
S F 11 IJ i sin F 11 IU
T H12 K H12 JKV
z = cos G G So,  8  6i = ± (1 – 3i)
2
W Ans.[C]
Rcos F 11  2IJ i sin F 11 IU
2 S G G  2JV
T H12 K H12 KW
=  x y
Ex.21 If z = x + iy, z1/3 = a – ib and –
a b
= k(a2 – b2), then k equals -
Rcos F13 IJ i sin F13  IU
2 S G
T H12 K H12 JKV G
= (A) – 2 (B) 2
W (C) 4 (D) 0
Ans.[B] Sol. Here x + iy = (a – ib) 3
= (a3 – 3ab2) + i (–3a2b + b3)
 z1   x = a3 – 3ab2 , y = b3 – 3a2b
Ex.19 If |z1+ z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 then  z  is
 2 x y
 – = (a2 – 3b2) – (b2 – 3a2)
(A) zero or purely imaginary a b
(B) purely imaginary = 4(a2 – b2)
(C) purely real  k = 4 Ans.[C]
(D) None of these
Sol.  | z1 + z2 |2 = | z1 |2 | z2 |2 + 2 | z1 | |z2 |
Ex.22 The complex number z having least positive
cos (1 – 2)
argument which satisfy the condition
 |z – 25i |  15 is -
 If 1 – 2 = ± ;
2 (A) 25i (B) 12 + 25i
Then | z1 + z2 |2 = | z1 |2 + | z2 |2 (C) 16 + 12i (D) 12 + 16i


i.e. Arg (z1) – Arg (z2) = ± Sol. The required complex number is point of
2
contact P as shown in the figure. C(0, 25)
is the centre of the circle and radius is 15.
 z1  
 Arg  z  = ± Now |z| = OP
 2 2
= OC 2  PC 2
z1
 is purely imaginary Ans.[B] = 625  225 = 20
z2
amp (z) =   =  XOP =  OCP
PC 15 3
Ex.20 Square root of – 8 – 6i is -  cos    = =
OC 25 5
(A) ± (3 + i) (B) ± (1 + i 3 ) OP 20 4
(C) ± (1 – 3i) (D) ± (1 + 3i) and sin  = = =
OC 25 5
 6
 2k 2k 
   sin 7
i cos
7 

k 1

 2i 4 i 

= – i e 7  e 7  ...... 6terms 
 
 

 12 i 
2i 1  e 7 
= – ie 7  2i  ( e2 i  1)
 
 1  e 7 

F
G3 4I
 z = 20 H5  5 iJK = – i
 2 i 
 e 7 1 
= i Ans.[D]
 2 i 
= 12 + 16i. Ans.[D]  
7
1  e 
Ex.23 If |z + 2i|  1, then greatest and least value
Ex.25 If z0 is the circumcenter of an equilateral triangle
of |z– 3 + i| are- with vertices z1, z2, z3, then z12 + z22 + z32 is
(A) 3, 1 (B) , 0 equal to
(C) 1, 3 (D) None of these 2
z0
(A) z02 (B) 2
Sol. |z – 3 + i| = |(z + 2i) – ( 3 + i)| 3
2
 |(z + 2i) |+| ( 3 + i)| z0
(C) 3 z02 (D)
3
 1 + 2 = 3
Sol. Since z1, z2, z3 , are vertices of an equilateral
The greatest value of |z– 3 + i | is 3. triangle, so
z12 + z22 + z32
Again |z – 3 + i|
= z1 z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 ...(1)
= | (z + 2i) – ( 3 + i)| Further the circumcenter of an equilateral
triangle is same as its centroid, so
 | 3 + i | – | z + 2i| z0 = (z1 +z2 + z3) /3
 2 – 1 = 1  9z02 = z12 + z22 + z32
Thus least value of |z – 3 + i | is 1. + 2 (z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1)
Ans.[A] = z1 + z22 + z32 + 2(z12 + z22 + z32)
2

 z12 + z22 + z32 = 3z02.

6
Ans.[C]
 2k 2k 
Ex.24 The value of   sin 7
i cos 
7  is -
k 1

(A) – i (B) 0
(C) – 1 (D) i

 2k 2k 
Sol.  sin  i cos 
 7 7 

2ki
 2k 2k 
= – i  cos  i sin  = – ie 7
 7 7 