Index

Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

A Anatomy, of human and rodent prostate, 281–283

Androgens, interaction with BPH, 407–410
Ablative therapies, transurethral needle ablation,
Animal models, in study of BPH, 284–285
sexual side effects of, 400
Anticholinergics, efficacy of different class
Adverse events, sexual side effects of BPH
formulations, 353
treatments, 393–404
sexual side effects of BPH treatment with, 398
Aging, and incidence of BPH associated with LUTS,
Antimuscarinics, for treatment of LUTS, 337–349
293
clinical efficacy, 338–340
and prevalence of BPH associated with LUTS, 291
clinical safety, 340–341
Alpha-blockers, for treatment of BPH, 311–323, 352,
mechanisms of action, 338
394–395, 398
versus 5-alpha reductase inhibitors for LUTS
and, 317–319
B
for acute urinary retention, 317
alpha 1 subtype, 315–316 Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),
in combination with 5-alpha-reductase 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, 325–336
inhibitors, 328–332 combination therapy, 328–332
current status of, 321 with alpha-blockers, 328–332
development of selective, 312–315 with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors,
efficacy of different class formulations, 352 332
historical perspective, 311 effects on PSA and prostate cancer risk, 328
mechanism of, 320–321 monotherapy, 325–328
sexual side effects of, 394–395, 398 dutasteride, 326–327
in combinations with 5-alpha-reductase finasteride, 325–326
inhibitors, 398 side effects of, 327–328
comparisons of, 395 alpha-blockers for treatment of, 311–323
nonselective, 394 versus 5-alpha reductase for LUTS and,
selective, 394–395 317–319
silodosin, 316–317 for acute urinary retention, 317
Alpha-reductase inhibitors, 5-, for treatment of LUTS alpha 1 subtype, 315–316
and BPH, 325–336, 352–353, 396–398 current status of, 321
versus alpha-blockers for LUTS/BPH, 317–319 development of, 312–315
combination therapy, 328–332 historical perspective, 311
with alpha-blockers, 328–332 mechanism of, 320–321
with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, silodosin, 316–317
332 associated with LUTS, epidemiology of,
effects on PSA and prostate cancer risk, 328 289–297
efficacy of different class formulations, clinical correlations, 295
352–353 description and terminology, 290
monotherapy, 325–328 estimates, 294–295
dutasteride, 326–327 prevalence and incidence, 291–293
finasteride, 325–326 risk factors and comorbidities, 290–291
sexual side effects of, 396–398 efficacy of different class formulations in medical
in combination with alpha blockers, 398 management of, 351–356
urologic.theclinics.com

physiologic basis to sexual dysfunction, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, 352–353

396 alpha-blockers, 352
study-specific outcomes, 396–398 anticholinergics, 353
side effects of, 327–328 beta-3-adrenoceptor agonists, 353
American Urological Association, guidelines for phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors,
diagnostic work-up of LUTS, 305, 306–307 353–354

Urol Clin N Am 43 (2016) 413–417

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0094-0143(16)30045-3
0094-0143/16/$ – see front matter
414 Index
Benign (continued )
treatment resistance and complications, 354
prostate anatomy, embryology and etiology of,
279–288
anatomy of human and rodent prostate,
281–283
animal models in study of, 284–285
etiology, 283–284
human and rodent prostate embryology,
280–281
prostatic urethral lift for LUTS secondary to,
357–369
clinical results in literature, 363–367
nature of the problem, 357–358
rehabilitation and recovery, 362–363
surgical technique, 358–362
robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy,
385–391
outcomes, 387–389
surgical technique, 386–387
sexual side effects of treatments,
393–404
medications, 394–398
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, 396–398
alpha blockers, 394–395
anticholinergics, 398
phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 398
surgical treatments, 398–401
background, 398–399
holmium laser enucleation of prostate, 400
open simple prostatectomy, 400
photoselective vaporization of prostate,
400–401
prostate urethral lift, 400
transurethral microwave therapy, 400
transurethral needle ablation, 400
transurethral resection of prostate, 399–400
testosterone and the prostate, 405–412
androgens and interaction with BPH,
406–410
natural history, 405–407
of BPH, 406–407
of testosterone and hypogonadism,
405–406
Benign prostatic obstruction, choosing treatment for,
377–384
greenlight photovaporization of prostate,
379–380
holmium enucleation of prostate, 380–381
monopolar TURP, 378–379
Beta-3 agonists, for treatment of LUTS, 337–349, 353
clinical efficacy, 341
clinical safety, 341–342
efficacy of different class formulations, 353
mechanism of action, 341
Bladder outlet obstruction, alpha-blockers for
treatment of LUTS in BPH, 311–323
C
Canadian Urological Association, guidelines for
diagnostic work-up of LUTS, 306–307
Creatinine, serum, in diagnostic work-up of LUTS,
301
D
Dutasteride, 326–327
E
Ejaculatory dysfunction, sexual side effects of BPH
treatments, 393–404
Embryology, of human and rodent prostate, 280–281
Endoscopy, in diagnostic work-up of LUTS, 305–306
Epidemiology, of BPH associated with LUTS,
289–297
clinical correlations, 295
description and terminology, 290
estimates, 294–295
prevalence and incidence, 291–293
risk factors and comorbidities, 290–291
Erectile dysfunction, sexual side effects of BPH
treatments, 393–404
Ethnicity, and incidence of BPH associated with
LUTS, 293
and prevalence of BPH associated with LUTS, 292
European Association of Urology, guidelines for
diagnostic work-up of LUTS, 306–307
F
Finasteride, 325–326
Frequency-volume charts, in work-up of LUTS, 300
G
Greenlight photovaporization, of the prostate,
379–380
Guidelines, for diagnostic work-up of LUTS, 305,
306–307
American Urologic Association, 305, 306–307
Canadian Urological Association, 307
European Association of Urology, 306
H
History, patient, in diagnostic work-up of LUTS,
299–300
additional history, 300
frequency-volume charts, 300
symptom score, 299–300
Holmium laser enucleation, of prostate, 380–381, 400
complications, 380
functional results, 380
 Index 415

indications, 380 prevalence and incidence, 291–293

learning curve, 380–381 risk factors and comorbidities, 290–291
sexual side effects of, 400 phosphodiesterase inhibitors for, 337–349
Hypogonadism, natural history of testosterone and, prostatic urethral lift for LUTS secondary to BPH,
405–406 357–369
clinical results in literature, 363–367
nature of the problem, 357–358
I
rehabilitation and recovery, 362–363
Imaging, in diagnostic work-up of LUTS, 300–306 surgical technique, 358–362
Incidence, of BPH associated with LUTS, 291–293 testosterone and the prostate, 405–412
by age and severity, 293 androgens and interaction with BPH, 406–410
overall, 292–293 natural history, 405–407
by race and ethnicity, 293 of BPH, 406–407
International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), of testosterone and hypogonadism,
299–300 405–406
LUTS. See Lower urinary tract symptoms.

L
M
Laser enucleation, holmium, of prostate, 380–381,
400 Medical management, of LUTS and BPH,
complications, 380 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, 325–336
functional results, 380 combination therapy, 328–332
indications, 380 effects on PSA and prostate cancer risk,
learning curve, 380–381 328
sexual side effects of, 400 monotherapy, 325–328
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), side effects of, 327–328
antimuscarinics for, 337–349 alpha-blockers for treatment of, 311–323
beta-3 agonists for, 337–349 versus 5-alpha reductase for LUTS and,
diagnostic work-up of, 299–309 317–319
guideline overview, 306–307 for acute urinary retention, 317
imaging and additional testing, 300–306 alpha 1 subtype, 315–316
additional imaging, 306 current status of, 321
endoscopy, 305–306 development of, 312–315
peak urine flow rate, 302–303 historical perspective, 311
postvoid residual urine volume, 302 mechanism of, 320–321
pressure-flow studies, 303–304 silodosin, 316–317
prostate ultrasonography, 304–305 efficacy of different class formulations,
prostate-specific antigen, 301–302 351–356
serum creatinine, 301 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, 352–353
urine studies, 300–301 alpha-blockers, 352
patient history, 299–300 anticholinergics, 353
additional history, 300 beta-3-adrenoceptor agonists, 353
frequency-volume charts, 300 phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors,
symptom score, 299–300 353–354
physical examination, 300 treatment resistance and complications,
efficacy of different class formulations in medical 354
management of, 351–356 sexual side effects of, 394–398
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, 352–353 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, 396–398
alpha-blockers, 352 alpha blockers, 394–395
anticholinergics, 353 anticholinergics, 398
beta-3-adrenoceptor agonists, 353 phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 398
phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 353–354 Microwave therapy, transurethral, for BPH, sexual
treatment resistance and complications, 354 side effects of, 400
epidemiology of BPH associated with, 289–297 Minimally invasive therapy, prostatic urethral lift,
clinical correlations, 295 357–369
description and terminology, 290 robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy,
estimates, 294–295 385–391
416 Index
N ultrasonography of, in diagnostic work-up of
Needle ablation, transurethral, for BPH, sexual side
effects of, 400
O 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors on, 328
Obstruction, benign prostatic, choosing treatment
for, 377–384
greenlight photovaporization of prostate,
379–380
holmium enucleation of prostate, 380–381
monopolar TURP, 378–379
bladder outlet, alpha-blockers for treatment of,
311–323
Overactive bladder, antimuscarinics for, 338–341
beta-3 agonists for, 341–342
phosphodiesterase inhibitors for, 342–345
P
Peak urine flow rate, in diagnostic work-up of LUTS,
302–303
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, in combination
with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, 332
efficacy of different class formulations, 353–354
sexual side effects of, 398
for treatment of LUTS, 337–349, 398
clinical efficacy, 343
clinical safety, 343–345
mechanism of action, 342–343
Photoselective vaporization, of prostate, sexual side
effects of, 400–401
Photovaporization, greenlight, of the prostate,
379–380
Physical examination, in diagnostic work-up of LUTS,
300
Postvoid residual urine volume, in diagnostic work-up
of LUTS, 302
Pressure-flow studies, in diagnostic work-up of
LUTS, 303–304
Prevalence, of BPH associated with LUTS, 291–293
by disease severity, 291–292
overall and by age, 291
by race and ethnicity, 292
Proscar. See Finasteride.
Prostate, anatomy of, 281–283
benign prostatic hyperplasia, etiology of,
283–284
embryology and postnatal development of,
280–281
testosterone and, 405–412
androgens and interaction with BPH, 406–410
natural history, 405–407
of BPH, 406–407
of testosterone and hypogonadism,
405–406
LUTS, 304–305
Prostate cancer, effects of 5-alpha-reductase
inhibitors on risk of, 328
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), effects of
Prostatectomy, open simple, sexual side effects of,
400
robotic-assisted simple, 385–391
outcomes, 387–389
complications, 389
cost comparison, 389
duration of catheterization, 389
functional, 389
hospital duration of stay, 389
operative blood loss and transfusion, 389
operative time, 387–388
surgical technique, 386–387
advancement of bladder neck mucosa, 387
bladder closure, 387
development of lateral and anterior plane,
387
development of posterior plane, 386–387
patient setup, 386
postoperative care, 387
preoperative evaluation and preparation,
386
prostate exposure, 386
transection of urethra and removal of
adenoma, 387
Prostatic hyperplasia, benign. See Benign prostatic
hyperplasia (BPH).
Prostatic obstruction, benign. See Benign prostatic
obstruction (BPO).
Prostatic urethral lift, for LUTS secondary to BPH,
357–369, 400
clinical results in literature, 363–367
durability, 377
effectiveness, 363–365
safety, 365–366
sexual function preservation, 366–367
nature of the problem, 357–358
rehabilitation and recovery, 362–363
sexual side effects of, 400
surgical technique, 358–362
immediate postoperative care, 361–362
preoperative planning, 358–359
preparation and patient positioning, 359
procedure, 360–361
surgical approach, 359–360
R
Race, and incidence of BPH associated with LUTS,
293
and prevalence of BPH associated with LUTS, 292
Rats, anatomy of prostate in, 281–283
in animal models for study of BPH, 284–285

embryology of prostate in, 280–281
Risk factors, for BPH associated with LUTS, 290–291
Robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy, 385–391
outcomes, 387–389
complications, 389
cost comparison, 389
duration of catheterization, 389
functional, 389
hospital duration of stay, 389
operative blood loss and transfusion, 389
operative time, 387–388
surgical technique, 386–387
advancement of bladder neck mucosa, 387
bladder closure, 387
development of lateral and anterior plane, 387
development of posterior plane, 386–387
patient setup, 386
postoperative care, 387
preoperative evaluation and preparation, 386
prostate exposure, 386
transection of urethra and removal of
adenoma, 387
S
Serum creatinine, in diagnostic work-up of LUTS, 301
Sexual function, preservation of, with prostatic
urethral lift, 366–367
Sexual side effects, of BPH treatments, 393–404
medications, 394–398
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, 396–398
alpha blockers, 394–395
anticholinergics, 398
phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 398
surgical treatments, 398–401
background, 398–399
holmium laser enucleation of prostate, 400
open simple prostatectomy, 400
photoselective vaporization of prostate,
400–401
prostate urethral lift, 400
transurethral microwave therapy, 400
transurethral needle ablation, 400
transurethral resection of prostate, 399–400
Silodosin, for LUTS in BPH, 316–317
Simple prostatectomy. See Prostatectomy.
Storage lower urinary tract symptoms,
antimuscarinics for, 338–341
beta-3 agonists for, 341–342
phosphodiesterase inhibitors for, 342–345
Surgical management, of benign prostatic
obstruction, 377–384
greenlight photovaporization of prostate,
379–380
holmium enucleation of prostate, 380–381
monopolar TURP, 378–379
of LUTS and BPH, prostatic urethral lift, 357–369
clinical results in literature, 363–367
Index 417
nature of the problem, 357–358
rehabilitation and recovery, 362–363
surgical technique, 358–362
robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy,
385–391
outcomes, 387–389
surgical technique, 386–387
sexual side effects, 398–401
background, 398–399
holmium laser enucleation of prostate, 400
open simple prostatectomy, 400
photoselective vaporization of prostate,
400–401
prostate urethral lift, 400
transurethral microwave therapy, 400
transurethral needle ablation, 400
transurethral resection of prostate, 399–400
T
Testosterone, and the prostate, 405–412
androgens and interaction with BPH, 406–410
natural history, 405–407
of BPH, 406–407
of testosterone and hypogonadism,
405–406
Transurethral microwave therapy, for BPH, sexual
side effects of, 400
Transurethral needle ablation, for BPH, sexual side
effects of, 400
Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP), bipolar,
for BPO, 379
complications, 379
functional results, 379
indications, 379
learning curve, 379
for BPH, sexual side effects of, 399–400
bipolar versus monopolar, 399–400
ejaculatory dysfunction, 399
erectile dysfunction, 399
monopolar, for BPO, 378–379
complications, 378–379
functional results, 378
indications, 378
learning curve, 379
U
Ultrasonography, of prostate, in diagnostic work-up
of LUTS, 304–305
Urinary retention, acute, alpha-blockers for treatment
of, 317
Urine studies, in diagnostic work-up of LUTS,
300–301
V
Vaporization, photoselective, of prostate, sexual side
effects of, 400–401
Voiding diaries, in work-up of LUTS, 300