MMW TOPIC 6

MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND SYMBOL

BASIC CONCEPTS OF RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Relation – relations abound in daily life. People are related to each other in many ways as parents and
children, teachers and students, employers and employees, and many others.

- A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a second set of
values (called the range).
- A relation is also a set of ordered pair (x,y). where x-value is called domain, y-value is called
range.

{(1,2), (2,4), (3,6), (4,8), (510) – This is a RELATION

Domain – the set of all x values in the relation

domain = {1,2,3,4,5}

Range – the set of all y values in the relation

range = {2,4,6,8,10}

Function – A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one value in
the range by same rule.

- The elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a machine that applies a rule that each
input corresponds to only one output.
- A function is a set of ordered pair (x,y) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x – value
but different y – values.

Functions can be represented in different ways

Functions and Relations can also be represented by a graph

The Vertical Line Test

- A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line intersects the graph at most once.
Functions and Relations can also be represented by equations
All functions are relations, but not all relations are functions.