GENERAL MATHEMATICS

• The learner represents real-life situations

using functions, including piece-wise
functions.
• The learner evaluates a function
Relation - any set of one or more ordered
pairs. A relation can also be a rule that
relates the domain (set of all first
coordinates of the ordered pair) and the
range (set of all second coordinates of the
ordered pair).

Ordered pair - consists of two components,

(x, y), where x and y are any real number.
Function - a special type of relation where each element in
the domain is paired to the range only once by some rule.

Also, all functions are relations, but not all relations are
functions.

A function may be represented as:

1. Ordered Pair
2. Table
3. Arrow/Mapping Diagram
4. Equation or Formula; and
5. Function as a Set of Ordered Pairs(𝒙, 𝒇 𝒙 )
6. Graphically
Function as a Set of Ordered Pairs (𝒙, 𝒇 𝒙 )
A function is a set ordered pair (x, y), where the x-value
appears only once in the set, otherwise the it is not a function.
The set of all x − values is called the domain. The set of all y −
values is called the range.

Function described by a Table

All the points in the ordered pair can be tabulated using two
rows; the independent variable and the dependent variable, to
show their relationship.

Function expressed in Arrow/Mapping

In the tabular form, the possible values of x and y are
arranged chronologically and lines are drawn from the
independent variable to their corresponding dependent variable.
Function as an Equation or Formula
The function can be expressed as 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), where the
dependent variable 𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑓(𝑥) is written on the left side and
the independent variable x is written at the right side of the
equation.

Functions described Graphically

Through inspection, the graph of a relation can easily be
determined if it is a function or not, it is with the use of
Vertical Line Test. To do this, simply draw a vertical line
passing through the graph of the relation in as many
possible points of intersection. If the vertical line intersects
the graph at exactly one point, then the relation is a
function. Otherwise, it is a mere relation.
EXAMPLE:

The temperature of an object outside the

refrigerator x is different from its temperature
inside the refrigerator f(x). Suppose, the function
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 represents the temperature, in
degrees, of a certain object inside a refrigerator.
Express the temperature of the object inside the
refrigerator in various forms for 𝑥 = −1, 0, 1
Piecewise Function

These are functions which are defined in

different domains since they are determined
by several equations.
EXAMPLE:

A user is charged Php2,000.00 monthly for a

mobile plan which includes an ePhone 6s Plus,
unlimited same network texts, 16 gb data
allowance monthly and a 100 texts to other
networks. Messages in excess of 100 are charged
Php1.00 each. Represent the monthly cost for text
messaging using the function t(m), where m is the
number of messages sent in a month.
SOLUTION:

The cost of messaging can be expressed by the

piecewise function:
EXAMPLE:

Cadbury 9 chocolate bar costs Php12.00 per

piece. However, if you buy more than 20 pieces,
they will be marked down to a price of Php10.00
per piece. Use a piecewise function to represent
the cost in terms of number of chocolate bars
bought.
 In the notation f(x), it is stressed that f is the
name of the function and f(x) is the value of f at x.
If y is the value of f at x or y = f(x), x is called the
independent variable since any element of the
domain can replace it, and y is called the
dependent variable because its value depend on
the value of the independent variable x. To
evaluate functions, just replace all the values of x
in the equation and simplify.
 Let f(x) = 2x – 3.

Find:
a. 𝑓(0)
b. 𝑓 5
c. 𝑓(−1)
d. 𝑓(0.5)
e. 𝑓(𝑚)
f. 𝑓(𝑥 − 1)
g. 𝑓 𝑥 2
h. 𝑓(𝑥 2 − 1)
 Let f(x) = 5x + 10.

Find:
a. 𝑓(0)
b. 𝑓 5
c. 𝑓(−1)
d. 𝑓(0.5)
e. 𝑓(𝑚-1)
f. 𝑓(𝑥 − 1)
g. 𝑓 𝑥 2
h. 𝑓(𝑥 2 − 1)
ASSIGNMENT:

Directions: Read the problem carefully. Write your

answer on a sheet of paper. Represent the given
situation as a function in various forms.

1. A person is earning Php390.00 per day to do a

certain job. Express the total salary (S) as a function
of the number of (n) days that the person works.
2. A taxi ride costs Php 40.00 as flag-down rate
and each additional meter (or a fraction thereof)
adds Php4.00 to the fare. Use a