UNIT 1

REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS

GENERAL MATHEMATICS UZ-Senior High School

Definition of a Function:

• It is a re lation d e fine a s a set

of o r d e r e d pairs (x, y) w h ere n o
t w o o r m o r e distinct o r d e r e d pairs
h a ve the sa m e first element (x).
• Every v a lue of x corresp o nds
to a uniqu e v a lue of y
Examples:
Illustrations function below are
examples of a function
Is it a function or not?
RELATIONS versus FUNCTIONS

RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
A relation is a rule that A function is a
relates values from relation where each
a set of values called element in the domain
the domain to a is related to only one
second set of values value in the range by
called the range. some rule.
RELATIONS versus FUNCTIONS

RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
The elements of The elements of the
the domain can be domain can be
imagines as input to a imagined as input to
machine that applies a machine that applies
rule to these inputs a rule so that each
to generate one or more input corresponds to
outputs. only one output.

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RELATIONS versus FUNCTIONS

RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
A relation is also a set A function is a set
of ordered pairs (x, y). of ordered pairs (x, y)
such that no two ordered
pairs have the same
x-value but different y-
values.

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Is it a function or not?

a. f = {(0, -1), (2, -5), (4, -9), (6,-13)}

b. r ={(a, 0), (b, -1), (c, 0), (d, -1)}
c. g = (5, -10), (25, -50), (50, -100)
d. t = {(-2, 0), (-1, 1), (0, 1), (-2, 2)}

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What is a table of
values?
 Table of Values
a

• Atable of values is
commonly observed when describing
• aThis
function.
shows the
betweencorrespondence
a set of values of x and a set
of values of y in a tabular form.

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 Examples of Table of Values
a

x 0 1 4 9 16

x -1 -1/4 0 1/4 1

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 Is it a function or not?

1. A jeepney and its plate number

2. A student and his ID number
3. A teacher and his cellular
phone
4. A pen and the color of its ink

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What is a vertical line
test?
Mathematically speaking…
• A relation is any set of one or more ordered
pairs.
• There is one value of y that corresponds to
EVERY value
of x.
– DOMAIN: set of first coordinates
– RANGE: set of second coordinates

Learning Objective: Students should be able to illustrate a relation and a

function.
 Relation as a Set of Ordered Pairs

• Using the elements of A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5},

construct the set of ordered pairs F that
describes the relation “The abscissa is one
greater than the ordinate.”

• Solution
F = {(2,1), (3,2), (4,3), (5,4)}

Learning Objective: Students should be able to illustrate a relation and a

function.
 Relation described by a Table

Filipino Heroes Date of Birth

Jose Rizal June 19, 1861
Andres Bonifacio November 30, 1863
Apolinario Mabini July 23, 1864
Emilio Aguinaldo March 22, 1869
Gabriela Silang March 19, 1731

Learning Objective: Students should be able to illustrate a relation and a

function.
 Relation Expressed in
Arrow Diagrams
D R

Manila Indonesia

Kuala Malaysia
Lumpur
Jakarta Philippines

Hanoi Thailand

Bangkok Vietnam

Learning Objective: Students should be able to illustrate a relation and a

function.
 One-to-many
X Y

-3
1 -2
-1
4 1
2
9 3

Learning Objective: Students should be able to illustrate a relation and a

function.
 Many-to-one
X Y

-3
2
-2
-1
4
1
2
6
3

Learning Objective: Students should be able to illustrate a relation and a

function.
 Relation Described
Graphically

Learning Objective: Students should be able to illustrate a relation and a

function.
 Differentiate a function
from a relation…
• A special type of relation illustrated by the
following sets

 of ordered pairs:
A = {(1,2), (3,4), (5,6), (7,8)}
B = {(-8,7), (-2,3), (-4,5)}
C = {(4,3), (5,8), (7,9), (-1,2)}
The following sets are relations but not functions:
D = {(1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5)}
E = {(-8,1), (-8,2), (4, 3), (4, 5)}

Learning Objective: Students should be able to verify if a given relation is a

function.
 What is a
FUNCTION?
• It is a relation in which each element of the
domain corresponds to exactly one element
of the range.
• In simple terms, it is a special type of relation
wherein no two ordered pairs have the same
abscissa.
• In other words,
“x is faithful to EXACTLY one y”

Learning Objective: Students should be able to verify if a given relation is a

function.
 Real-Life Relationships
of Functions

H = {(Ms. Irene, August), (Joseph, March),

(Clyle, November), (Tim, December)}

J = {(Mr. Perilla, St. Benedict), (Mr. Guevara,

St. Bertha),(Ms. Gonzales, St. Barbara), (Mr.
Ulaye, St. Bernard)}

Learning Objective: Students should be able to verify if a given relation is a

function.
 Characteristics of a
Function
1. Each element in domain X must be matched
with EXACTLY one element in range Y.
2. Some elements in range Y may not be
matched
with any element in domain X.
3. Two or more elements in domain X may be
matched with the same element in range Y.

Learning Objective: Students should be able to verify if a given relation is a

function.
 Vertical Line Test
A graph
represents a
FUNCTION if and
only if no vertical
line intersects the
graph in more than
one point.

Learning Objective: Students should be able to verify if a given relation is a

function.
 One-to-many
X Y

-3
1 -2
-1
4 1
2
9 3

Learning Objective: Students should be able to illustrate a relation and a

function.
 Many-to-one
X Y

-3
2
-2
-1
4
1
2
6
3

Learning Objective: Students should be able to illustrate a relation and a

function.
 Function or not a
X function? Y

12 2

5 4

Learning Objective: Students should be able to illustrate a relation and a

function.
 Function or not a
X function? Y

12 2

5 4

Learning Objective: Students should be able to illustrate a relation and a

function.
 Function or not a
X function? Y

12 2

5 4

8 6

Learning Objective: Students should be able to illustrate a relation and a

function.
 Function or not a
X function? Y

12 2

5 4

8 6

Learning Objective: Students should be able to illustrate a relation and a

function.
 Is this a function or not?

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 Is this a function or not?

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 Is this a function or not?

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Relationship Between the Independent
and Dependent Variables

Process
Input Output
(equation
(value of x) (value of y)
rule)
Examples:

1. Find the value of y in the equation

y = 10x – 3 if x = - 5.
2. Find the value of x if the value of
𝟑𝒙+𝟖
yin the equation 𝐲 = is 2.
𝒙−𝟐
Applications:
1. A car has travelled a distance of 124
kilometers in 4 hours. Find the speed of the
car.
2. The volume of the cube is defined by the
function 𝑽 = 𝒔𝟑 where s is the length of the
edge.
• What is the volume of the
cube if the length of the edge is 5
cm?
• What is the length of its
edge if its volume is 728 cubic
meters?
 REVIEW ON
FUNCTIONS

EVALUATING FUNCTIONS

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 Evaluating Functions
a

• It is the process of
determining the value of the
function at the number
assigned to a given variable.

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 Example:
Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒. Find the following
values of the function
a.
f (2) b.
f (-1)
c.
f (0)
d.
f (- ½ )
 Example:
Find the
values of the function
Let 𝐠 𝐱 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒 . following
a. g (2)
b. g (4)
c. g (0)
d. g (9)
e. g (- 1/3)
Example:
𝟒𝒙+𝟖
Let h 𝐱 = . Find the following values
𝟐𝒙−𝟒
of the function
a.
h (1) b.
h (-2)
c. h (6)
d. h (0)
e. h (2)
  Unit 1

REVIEW ON
FUNCTIONS

OPERATIONS ON
FUNCTIONS
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
 Operations on Functions
If f and g are functions then
• (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
• (f – g)(x) = f(x)– g(x)
• (f ∙ g)(x) = f(x) ∙ g(x)

𝒇 𝒇(𝒙)
• 𝒙 = where g(x) ≠ 0
𝒈 𝒈(𝒙)
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 Example
Let f(x) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑 and g(x)= x –
1. Perform the operations and identify
the domain
• (f + g)(x)
• (f – g)(x)
• (f ∙ g)(x)
𝒇
• 𝒈
𝒙
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
 Example
Let f(x)= x – 3 and g(x) = 𝒙𝟐 +
𝟗.
Perform the operations and identify
the domain
• (f + g)
• (f – g)
• (f ∙ g)
𝒇
• 𝒈
𝒙
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
  Unit 1

REVIEW ON
FUNCTIONS

COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

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 Operations on Functions

If f and g are functions

then the composite function
denoted by 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈, is defined by
𝒇∘𝒈=𝒇

𝒈(𝒙)
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 Operations on Functions
The domain of 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 is the set
of all numbers x in the domain of
g such that g(x) is in the domain of
f.

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 Example
Let f(x)= x – 3 and g(x) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗.
Find
• (𝒇 ∘ 𝒈)(x)
• (𝒈 ∘ 𝒇)(x)
• (𝒇 ∘ 𝒈)(3)
• (𝒈 ∘ 𝒇)(- 4)

GENERAL MATHEMATICS