General Mathematics

Module 1: Functions – Lesson 1

 TODAY’S
AGENDA
• Activity (Motivation): “Keypad Cellphone”
• Definition of terms
• Functions as Models
• Type of Graphs
• Generalization/Conclusion/Q and A Session
• Things to do
Relation and Functions

Objectives
1. Represents real
– life situations
using functions.
 RELATIO
• A relation is also a set of ordered pairs (x, y).
•Relates values from a set of values (called the
domain) to a second set of values (called

N
the range).
•The elements of the domain can be imagined as
input to generate one or more outputs.
 FUNCTIO
• Is a relation where each element in the domain
is related to only one value in the range.
• The elements of the domain can be imagined

N
as input that corresponds to only one output.
• A function is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) such
that no two ordered pairs have the same x-
value but different y-values.
 Example 1
●What is the domain?
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What is the range?
{-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}
 Example 2
Input 4 –5 0 9 –1

Output –2 7

●What is the domain?

{4, -5, 0, 9, -1}
●What is the range?
{-2, 7}
 Focus on the
x-coordinates,
when given a
relation. If the set of ordered

Is a pairs have different

x-coordinates,
it IS A function.

relation a
If the set of ordered
pairs have same
x-coordinates, it is
NOT a function.

function?
Y-coordinates
have no bearing
in determining
functions.
 Example 3
Is this a function?
Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates
YES
 Example 4
Is this a function?
Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates
NO
 Function can also be
expressed as a
correspondence or mapping
of two non empty sets.
Function as Mapping
One is to One Many to One One is to Many
Example
YES
YES
 Table of values is commonly
observed when describing a function
this shows the correspondence
between a set of values of x and a set
of values of y in tabular form.
Function as Table of values
x 0 1 4 9 16
y -5 -4 -1 4 11

x -1 -1/4 0 1/4 1
y -1 -1/2 0 1/2 1
 Example
YES
NO YES
 Recall that in a function, every value of the
independent variable, say x, corresponds to
unique value of the dependent variable y.
Vertical Line Test: a relation is a function if a
vertical line drawn through its graph, passes
through only one point.
 AKA: “The Pencil Test”
Take a pencil and move it from
left to right (–x to x); if it crosses more
than one point, it is not a function
 Example 1
Would this
graph be a
function?
YE
S
 Example 2
Would this
graph be a
function?
NO
Example 3
NO
YES
YES
 1. The items in a store to their prices on
a certain date.
There is only one price for each
different item on a certain date. The
relation from items to price makes it a
function.
Which situation 2. Types of fruits to their colors.
represents a A fruit, such as an apple, from the
domain would be associated with more
function? than one color, such as red and green.
The relation from types of fruits to their
colors is not a function.
 A jeepney
Example: Identify and its plate
whether the number.
A student
relationship that and its ID
exists between each A teacher number.
of the following and his
cellular
pairs indicates a phone. A pen and
function or not. the color of
its ink
Types of
Function and
their Graphs
1. Linear Function
A polynomial whose degrees
is one. The graph of any linear
function is a straight line.
2. Identity Function
A linear function defined by
y = x whose graph bisects the
first and the third quadrant.
3. Quadratic Function
A polynomial whose degree is
2. Any quadratic function has
a graph which is called a
parabola.
4. Cubic Function
A polynomial whose degree
is 3.
5. Constant Function
A polynomial function whose
degree is 0. This is in the form
y = a, where a is any real
number. The graph of a constant
function is a horizontal line
which is a units away from the
x-axis.
6. Rational Function
Two polynomial functions
express as a quotient.
 Characteristics of a function from set X to set Y

Generalization
• Each element of X must be assigned to ONLY ONE
element of Y
• Some elements of Y may not be an image of an
element X
• Two or more elements of X may be assigned to the
same element of Y.
• An element of X cannot be assigned to two or more
different elements in Y
Questions?

Clarifications?
Violent
reactions?
Question # 1
Differentiate function from
relation. Question
Question # 2 of the
What is the other term of
“x” and “y” in a relation? day!
Question # 3
How do we represent a
function? Give at least one
and explain.
Question of the day!
Question # 4
When can we say that a
relation is a function or not?
Question # 5
Does the diagram below illustrate
a function? Why or why not?
 • Not every
relation is a
function.
Conclusion • Every function
is a relation.
 Activity # 1
THINGS Relation and

TO DO
Function
Review
PPT presentation,
Lesson outline and
Pre – recorded video
WPS # 1
It will be held on
Thursday.
 Have a
great day!