TEXT STRUCTURE

1. NARRATION
• It is used by writers for a variety of
purposes: to illustrate and support ideas with
anecdotes, entertain the readers with
stories, predict what will happen with
scenarios, and explain how something
happens (should happen) with process
narratives.
• Objective Narration presents facts to
create an accurate time line of events.
• Subjective Narration conveys the
impressions, feelings, insights, or point of
view.
 2. DEFINITION
• This is used in explaining unfamiliar terms.
Clearly stated definitions play a critical role in
a written text.
Types of Definition
a. Standard Definitions- rarely change and is
universally accepted (e.g. definition of right
angle)
b. Regulatory definitions- assigned by
organizations and changes depending on how
it is used. (e.g. PAG ASA’s definition of
critical level)
c. Qualifying definitions- meanings of words
that are subject for interpretation (e.g.
delinquent)
d. Personal definitions- depend on the
interpretations or assigned meaning of the
writer himself. (the definition of friendship)
e. Invented definitions- given to words
which are newly-coined as already being used
in the society.(e.g. definition of flash mob)
 3. CLASSIFICATION
• It involves combining objects or items
into categories based on distinct
characteristics.
• Classification paragraphs can be
organized using an official or personal
classification.
 4. COMPARISON AND
CONTRAST
• Comparison is to see how two objects or
items are alike while contrast is to identify
their differences

• The two ways in using comparison and

contrast in writing are in chunks and in
sequence. In chunking, the characteristics
[of the items being compared are presented
separately. In sequencing the attributes of
the objects are presented point by point.
 5. CAUSE AND EFFECT
• It states and explains reasons why
things happen or explains the results
of certain phenomena.
• It is important to identify the most
importance factor among several
causes.
• The writer has to single out what
would likely be the future outcomes
of a certain phenomena.
Text Structure Signal Words
Description For example, for
instance, specifically, in
particular, in addition
Cause and Effect Consequently,
therefore, as a result,
thereby, leads to
Comparison and However, unlike, like,
Contrast by, in comparison,
although, whereas
similar to, different
from
Chronological Order Next, first, last,
 DHOOM 3
• What is the film all about?

• What lessons did you learn from the

movie?

• What are the strong and weak points

of the film?
REACTION PAPER
 Reaction Paper vs.
Reflection Paper
Reaction Paper
 It focuses primarily on how the student feels
about the topic and whether the student agrees
with the idea or not.

Reflection paper
 It is a way for the students to reflect on the
topic of the paper, sharing the ideas the student
learned from the topic and his thoughts on the
subject.
 What is a reaction paper?
 
• It involves a process of summarizing and
evaluating a work or concept.

• It is a design where the student shares his

feeling on a topic.
What are the parts of a reaction
paper?
• A reaction paper consists of four main
parts:
 Introduction;
 Body;
 Conclusion;
 List of citations and sources.
 Reaction paper is used to carefully
analyze a variety of works such as:
 Creative works- novels, exhibits,
film, images, or poetry

 Research- journal articles,

systematic reviews, theories

 Media- news reports, feature articles

 YOUR TASK:
In a one whole sheet of paper, write a 2-3
paragraph essay, sharing your reaction to the film
viewed.
CRITERIA:
Content - 10
Mechanics - 5
Organization - 5
20 points
Answer each of the following questions
as briefly and as accurately as possible:
1. What is a reaction paper?

2. What benefits do reacting do to a writer?

3. How do you effectively prepare a

reaction paper?

4. Why is it important to identify the parts of

a reaction paper?
 ASSIGNMENT:
Answer the following questions:
1. What are the four types of opinion?

2. Describe each type of opinion.

3. Give an example of each of the type of

opinion.