21st Century Assessment in Science 8 (Matter), Quarter III

Competency and Code: Explain physical changes in terms of the arrangement and
motion of atoms and molecules (S8MT-IIIc-d-9).

1. Prym bought a block of ice for his halo-halo and left the smaller chunks of ice on
top of a table. After a while, he observed that it disappeared and turned into liquid
water. Which of the following molecular motions explains the physical changes the
ice undergoes?
A. The molecules will move faster as the ice changes from solid to liquid.
B. The molecules will move slower as the ice changes from solid to liquid.
C. The molecules will move faster as the ice changes from liquid to solid.
D. The molecules will move slower as the ice changes from liquid to solid.

Answer: A

2. Ezekiel loves to drink a bottle of very cold soft drink. He placed a bottle of soft
drink inside the freezer but had forgotten about it. What happens to the bottle of
soft drink inside the freezer left overnight? Choose the correct process and
explanation.

Process Explanation
A Freezing The soft drink changes from liquid to solid and the
molecules move faster as it solidifies or freezes.
B Freezing The soft drink changes from liquid to solid and the
molecules move slower as it solidifies or freezes.
C Sublimation The soft drink changes from solid to gas and the
molecules move faster as it sublimes.
D Sublimation The soft drink changes from solid to gas and the
molecules move slower as it sublimes.

Answer: B

3. The picture below shows a pot of boiling water. Describe the changes in the
molecules of boiling water by accomplishing the table below. Put a check in the
YES column if the description is true for a boiling water and NO is otherwise.
 https://media.istockphoto.com/id/152537775/photo/boiling-water-on-gas.jpg?
b=1&s=170667a&w=0&k=20&c=oj0Dx6DPzYPZb0eTT80V6N7XE2FcCTV-J9a_173v97A=

Statement Yes No
The arrangement and the motion of water molecules remain the
same.
The arrangement remains the same but the water molecules
move faster.
The arrangement became more ordered as the water molecules
move closer to each other while they move slower.
The arrangement became disordered as the molecules move away
from each other while they move faster.

Answer: No, No, No, Yes in that order

4. When a solid ice is heated it turns into liquid water. After a while it starts to boil
and evaporates. Heat makes the particles move faster. Which of the following
illustrations describes the statement?

A.
https://media.istockphoto.com/id/
152537775/photo/boiling-water-on-
gas.jpg?
b=1&s=170667a&w=0&k=20&c=oj0Dx6D
PzYPZb0eTT80V6N7XE2FcCTV-
https://cdn.pixabay.com/
photo/2021/04/28/23/58/ice-
6215207__340.jpg
https://images.pexels.com/photos/40784/drops-of-
water-water-nature-liquid-40784.jpeg?
cs=srgb&dl=pexels-pixabay-40784.jpg&fm=jpg

B.
https://images.pexels.com/photos/40784/drops-of-
water-water-nature-liquid-40784.jpeg?
cs=srgb&dl=pexels-pixabay-40784.jpg&fm=jpg
https://media.istockphoto.com/id/
152537775/photo/boiling-water-on- https://cdn.pixabay.com/
gas.jpg? photo/2021/04/28/23/58/ice-
b=1&s=170667a&w=0&k=20&c=oj0Dx6D 6215207__340.jpg
PzYPZb0eTT80V6N7XE2FcCTV-

C.

https://cdn.pixabay.com/ https://media.istockphoto.com/id/ https://images.pexels.com/photos/40784/drops-of-

152537775/photo/boiling-water-on- water-water-nature-liquid-40784.jpeg?
photo/2021/04/28/23/58/ice- gas.jpg?
cs=srgb&dl=pexels-pixabay-40784.jpg&fm=jpg
6215207__340.jpg b=1&s=170667a&w=0&k=20&c=oj0Dx6D
PzYPZb0eTT80V6N7XE2FcCTV-

D.

https://cdn.pixabay.com/
photo/2021/04/28/23/58/ice-
6215207__340.jpg
https://images.pexels.com/photos/40784/drops-of-
water-water-nature-liquid-40784.jpeg?
cs=srgb&dl=pexels-pixabay-40784.jpg&fm=jpg
https://media.istockphoto.com/id/
152537775/photo/boiling-water-on-
gas.jpg?
b=1&s=170667a&w=0&k=20&c=oj0Dx6D
PzYPZb0eTT80V6N7XE2FcCTV-
Answer: C

5. Naphthalene, commonly known as mothball, is a solid white substance at room

temperature and used as a cockroach repellent. Belle placed three pieces of
mothballs in her closet and found out later that it disappeared as it turns to gas.
Which of the following physical changes it undergoes?
A. The naphthalene evaporates and the particles move away from each other.
B. The naphthalene melts and the particles move closer to each other.
C. The naphthalene sublimes and the particles move away from each other.
D. The naphthalene solidifies and the particles move closer to each other.

Answer: C

6. In his Chemistry class, Primo was asked to arrange the three physical processes;
freezing, evaporation, and melting according to the ordered arrangement and
increasing movement of particles. Which of the following is the correct order for this
case?

A. Freezing, melting, and evaporation

B. Melting, freezing, and evaporation
C. Evaporation, freezing, and melting
D. Evaporation, melting , and freezing

Answer: A

7. In a saucepan, five ice cubes were placed and then heated on the electric
hotplate. The heat was kept the same throughout the experiment and observations
are recorded in the table below.

Time (min) Temperature (0C) Observation

0 -5 Ice cubes
1 0 Ice starts to melt
2 0 Everything is changed to water
5 50 Hot water
10 100 Water starts to boil

What can you conclude based on the observations? Check all that applies.

A Melting changes the phase of water.

B Energy is needed to change the phase of matter.
C The temperature stays constant during melting.
D The boiling temperature of water depends on the time of heating.

Answer: A, B, C

Read the scenario below to answer items 8 and 9.

After a rainy night, Bhe observed a puddle of water formed on a sidewalk as

shown in the picture below. Then, as the sun comes out, the water slowly
disappeared.
 https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2020/11/14/13/58/puddle-5741795_960_720.jpg

8. Which of the following will happen to the water in the puddle when the sun
comes out?
A. It will turn to solid.
B. It will change color.
C. It will stay in the same place.
D. It will evaporate and form water vapor.

Answer. D

9. Which of the following explains what happens to the water in Question no 8.?
A. The molecules of the water become lighter.
B. The molecules of the water become smaller.
C. The molecules of the water move away from each other.
D. The molecules of the water break up into different atoms.

Answer: C

10. If you blow up a balloon, gas particles spread apart and fill the available space.
When it is securely tied and put in a freezer it will contract and decrease in
volume. Which statement is the best explanation for this fact?
A. The particles will move faster due to a lower temperature.
B. The particles will keep moving due to a lower temperature.
C. The particles will move farther from each other due to a lower
temperature.
D. The particles will move very close to each other due to a lower
temperature.

Answer D

11. Condensation is the process where the gas turns to liquid phase. Which of the
following common day to day observations is due to condensation?
I. Droplets formed outside a very cold pitcher of juice.
II. Formation of clouds
III. Foggy eyeglasses while wearing facemask
IV. Sweaty drink-cans or bottles

A. I, II, and III

 B. I, II, and IV
C. II, III, and IV
D. I,II, III, and IV

Answer D

12. What causes water droplets to form on the outside surface of a glass containing
ice?
A. Oxygen molecules in air condense on the glass wall.
B. Water vapor in air condense on the surface of the glass.
C. Water molecules from inside the glass pass through the pores of the glass
wall.
D. A chemical change happens, producing water droplets on the surface of
the glass.

13. The statement “It is not possible for a solid substance to change directly to the
gas phase” is______.
A. True; it must go through a liquid phase first.
B. Mostly true; the process is called deposition.
C. False; the process is possible, but only for water and only under extreme
circumstances.
D. False; the process is called sublimation, and can be seen when dry ice
“smokes” as it sublimes.

Competency and Code: Determine the number of protons, neutron and electrons
in a particular atom. (S8MT-IIIe-f-10)

How Many Are We?

The discovery of the three fundamental particles lead to the idea of using
atomic number and atomic mass to represent the number of electrons occupied in
the energy level by a particular element. All atoms o the same elements have the
same number of protons in the nucleus.
Elements are often symbolized with their mass number and atomic
number. Atomic numbers and mass numbers are given on the periodic table. They
tell something about the atom of that particular element. The number of protons
is equal to the number of electron which is also equal to atomic number. To
find the number of neutrons get the difference between mass number and
atomic number.

Na= symbol of the element

11= atomic number
23= mass number
Atomic number = number of proton (p+)
Number of Proton= number of electron (e-)
Number of Neutron (n0) = Mass number – number of Proton
Example:
For Na atom; p+ = 11; e-= 11, n0 = 23-11=12
Source: Grade 9 Chemistry, K-12 Series; by Santillan, M. et al..98-99

14. Given the atomic nuclei 4He2. What can be deduced from this symbol?
A. An atom of Helium contains 2 electrons.
B. An atom of Helium has 2 protons and 4 neutrons in the nucleus.
C. Helium has a proton number of 4.
D. Helium occurs as a diatomic molecule.

15. A neutral atom of Aluminum consists of 13 protons, 13 electrons, and 14

neutrons. Which of the following statements is correct? Check all that applies.
___ It has 13 electrons outside its nucleus.
___ It’s atomic number is 14.
___It has 13 protons inside the nucleus
___It has 14 neutrons inside the nucleus.
___It has a mass number of 27.
___It has 26 electrons outside its nucleus.

16. Element X has an atomic number of 12 and a mass number of 25. Which of
the following correctly describes the atom of element X?
A. It has 12 protons, 12 electrons, and 25 neutrons.
B. It has 12 protons, 12 electrons, and 12neutrons.
C. It has 12 protons, 12 electrons, and 13 neutrons.
D. It has 12 protons, 12 electrons, and 12 neutrons.

17. Given the atomic nuclei of 14N7, which statement is true about Nitrogen atom?
A. Nitrogen has a mass number of 7.
B. Nitrogen has a proton number of 14.
C. An atom of Nitrogen contains 8 electrons.
D. An atom of Nitrogen has 7 protons and 7 neutrons in the nucleus.

18. An atom has a mass number of 23 and atomic number 11. What is the number
of protons?
A. 11
B. 12
C. 13
D. 44

19. Cobalt has an atomic mass of 59 and an atomic number of 27. What does this
information reveal about most cobalt atoms?
A. they naturally have a net negative charge
B. they contain more neutrons than protons
C. they attract protons more strongly than electrons
D. they form ions with a charge of +27 in compounds
Use the given information below to answer item 20.

Isotopes
Isotopes are elements of the same kind of atom with the same atomic
number but different mass number. Isotopes differ in the number of neutrons.

The table below shows some common isotopes with their number of protons,
electrons, and neutrons.

Isotopes Mass Atomic Protons Electron Neutrons

Number Number s
1
H1 1 1 1 1 0
2
H1 2 1 1 1 1
3
H1 3 1 1 1 2

21. Potassium-35 is an isotope with an atomic number of 19 and it has a charge of

+1. What is the number of electrons?
A. 20
B. 19
C. 18
D. 16

22. How many neutrons are there in item number 21?

A. 20
B. 19
C. 18
D. 16
Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons of a given atom by
completing the missing information on the table below.

Atom Mass Atomic Number of Number of Number

Numbers Numbers Protons Electrons of
Neutrons
K-39 39 19 19 19

Ca-40 40 20 20 20

Fe-55 55 26 26 29
Competency and Code: Explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based
on the particle nature of matter. (S8MT-IIIa-b-8)
Read and understand the given information below to answer item 26.

Water: A Liquid

Water is a substance composed of the chemical elements hydrogen and

oxygen and existing in gaseous, liquid, and solid states. It is one of the most
plentiful and essential compounds. A tasteless and odourless liquid at room
temperature, it has the important ability to dissolve many other substances. Water
can flow out of a container and can be poured into another while maintaining their
volume as shown below.

https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/pouring-water-from-jug-into-glass-on-blue-background-
gm1152418742-312649995

26. Which of the following statement explains statement number 4?

A. Particles of liquid are tightly packed together and remain in a fixed position.
B. Particles of liquid are free to move but remain in a close contact with one
another.
C. Particles of liquid are closer to one another and do not change positions as
they move.
D. Particles of liquid are attracted to one another which hold them together in a
fixed position.

Read and understand the given information below to answer item 27-31.

The particle nature of matter is a model that describes the arrangement and
movement of particles in a substance. The model is used to explain the physical
properties of solids, liquids, and gases which include intermolecular spacing,
volume, ability to flow, compressibility, and density. The figure below shows the
model of the particle nature of matter.
 Solid Liquid Gas

Figure 1. The Particle Model of the Three States of Matter

27. How do you compare the intermolecular spacing of solid and gases?
A. In solids, molecular spacing is very little while in gases are maximum and
the particles can move freely.
B. In solids, molecular spacing are closer with each other while in gases are
tightly packed causing the particles to move freely.
C. In solids, molecular spacing are far apart with other while in gases are
maximum and the particles can move freely.
D. In solids, molecular spacing are closer with each other while in gases the
particles cannot move freely.

28. Which state of matter is highly compressible? Why?

A. Solids, because the particles cannot move around and held together by
strong forces.
B. Liquids, because the particles can move around and held together by
strong forces.
C. Gases, because the distances between particles are large and so there is
room for the particles to move closer to each other.
D. Both B and C

29. Which of the following statements best explain why solids have definite shape
and volume?
A. Solids have definite shape and volume because the particles slide with
each other.
B. Solids have definite shape and volume because the particles are far apart
with each other.
C. Solids have definite shape and volume because the particles are packed
closely together in fixed positions.
D. Solids have definite shape and volume because the particles are closer
together, nudging one another as they move.

30. Why do liquids have indefinite shape and assume the shape of the container?
A. Because the particles are closer with each other and can move about
more easily, the liquid can flow and take the shape of its container.
B. Because the particles are far apart with each other and cannot move,
thus the liquid cannot flow and take the shape of its container.
C. Because the particles are closely packed with each other and cannot move
thus, the liquid can flow and do not take the shape of its container.
D. Because the particles are closely packed with each other and cannot
move thus, the liquid cannot flow and do not take the shape of its container.

31. Why are gases free to move?

A. There is strong force of attraction between molecules because they are
very near each other.
 B. There is a weak force of attraction between molecules because they are
very near each other.
C. There is strong force of attraction between molecules because they are
very far from each other
D. There is weak force of attraction between molecules because they are very
far each other

For number 32, use the following key to evaluate the given statements.

A. If the 1st statement is TRUE and its truth is supported by the 2nd statement
which is true.
B. If the 1st statement is TRUE but its truth is not supported by the 2nd statement
which is FALSE.
C. If the 1st and 2nd statements are FALSE.
D. If the 1st statement is FALSE but the 2nd statement is TRUE.

33. A solid has a fixed shape and a fixed volume because the particles can move
only a little. The particles vibrate back and forth but remain in their fixed positions.

Read and understand the given information below to answer item 34-35.

Helium: An Inert Gas

Helium is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless inert gas. It is the first element
in the noble gas group. It is the second lightest and the second most abundant
element with hydrogen being the lightest and the first most abundant gas. It makes
up about 24% of the mass of universe. It is non-flammable gas and does not catch
fire. The most familiar use of helium gas is to fill party balloons as shown below.

https://pixabay.com/photos/balloons-heart-sky-decoration-1786430/

34. Which of the following statements is true about the properties of Helium?
I. Gases have indefinite shape and volume.
II. The particles of gases are held together by strong forces.
III. Gases take the shape of the container.
IV. Gases are compressible.
A. I, II, and III
B. I, II, and IV
 C. I, III and IV
D. II, III and IV

35. Which of the following statement explains why party balloons expand when
filled with helium gas?
A. Helium particles exert pressure on the walls of the container in which the
gas is filled thus, the size of the balloon increases.
B. Helium particles exert pressure on the walls of the container in which the
gas is filled thus, the size of the balloon decreases.
C. Helium particles exert pressure on the walls of the container in which the
gas is filled thus, the size of the balloon remains the same.
D. Helium particles exert pressure on the walls of the container in which the
gas is filled thus, the size of the balloon increases then decreases.

Competency and Code: Use the periodic table to predict the chemical behavior of
an element. (S8MT-IIIa-b-8)
Read the given information below to answer item 36-40 and click the link below to
open the periodic table of elements as your guide in answering the questions.
https://www.google.com/search?client=opera&q=modern+periodic+table&sourcei=opera&ie=UTF-
8&oe=UTF-8

Periodic Trends in the Periodic Table

The modern periodic table states that the properties of elements are
periodic functions of their atomic number. These properties reappear at regular
intervals or follow a particular trend at regular intervals.
Periodic trends are patterns in elements on the periodic table. Major
trends are electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius,
metallic character, and non-metallic character. The existence of these trends is
due to the similarity in atomic structure of the elements in their group families
or periods and because of the periodic nature of elements.

Figure 1. Summary of Periodic Trends

https://byjus.com/chemistry/trends-in-periodic-properties/
Given are the elements in Groups IA, IIA, and IIIA. With respect to its position in
the periodic table, answer the following questions.

IA IIA IIIA
Li Be B
Na Mg Al
K Ca Ga
Rb Sr In

36. Which is the least metallic element in group IA and IIA?

A. Li and Be
B. Mg and Na
C. Ca and Ga
D. Rb and Sr

37. Which is the most metallic element in group IA and IIA?

A. Li and Be
B. Mg and Na
C. Ca and Ga
D. Rb and Sr

38. Which metal will most readily combine with Cl?

A. Na
B. K
C. Mg
D. Ca

39. Below are the following set of elements. In each set, which one has the highest
ionization energy?
1. He, Ne, Ar, Kr
2. Mg, As, Al, F
3. K, K+, Ca, Ca2+
A. He, F, and K+
B. Ne, As, Ca2+
C. Kr, F, K
D. Ne, Al, Ca

40. Which of the following predictions is correct about the increasing trend in
radius of the following elements: Ti, V, K, and Ca?
A. V, Ti, Ca, and Ti
B. K, Ca, Ti, and V
C. Ti, V, Ca, and K
D. Ti, K, Ca, and V