Matoshri Education Society’s

MATOSHRI INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
A/P: Dhanore, Tal-Yeola, Dist-Nashik, 423401
Phone: 02559-267560,267561 Fax: 02559-267560

MICR0 PROJECT
Academic Year:2022-2023

TITLE OF PROJECT

LIFE OF STORY
CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI
MAHARAJ

Subject:English
Subject Code: 22101

COURSE :- Program Code Course

ENGLISH Code:22101

MIT Polytechnic Dhanore , Yeola

 Matoshri Education Society’s
MATOSHRI INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
A/P : Dhanore, Tal-Yeola , Dist.-Nasik, 423401

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Master /Ms : Bhatkute Payal Dnyaneshwer
Of First Semester of Diploma in Electrical Engineering of Institute,
Matoshri institute,Yeola (Code:1171 ) has completed the Micro
Project satisfactorily in the Subject English (22101) for the Academic
Year 2 0 2 2 -2 3 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Enrollment No:2211710128

Place: Yeola Date: Seat No : 376849

Subject Teacher HOD. Principal

Prof:- H.N. Gaikwad Prof. Gujrathi G.S.
PAGE 2
 TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET

NameofStudent:- Bhatkute Payal Dnyaneshwer

Enrolment No:- 2211710128

NameofProgramme:- Electrical engineering Semester : First year

Course Title: - English Course code:- 22101

Title of the Micro-project:- The famos book

The polyester prince

Course Outcomes Achieved:-

Rubrics for Assessment of Micro-Project

Sr. No Characteristic to be Poor Average Good Excellent

Assessed (Marks4-5)
(Marks 1- (Marks6-8) (Marks9-
3) 10)

1. Relevance to course

2. Literature survey

3. Project proposal

4. Completion of target

5. Analysis & representation

of data

6. Quality of
Prototype/Model

7. Report preparation

8. Presentation

9. Defense

Micro- Project Evaluation Sheet

Process Assessment Process Assessment

Part A Project Part B Project Individual Total
Project Conductivity Report / Working Presentation Viva Marks
Proposal (2 Model (2 Marks) (4 10
Marks) (2 Marks) Marks)
 WEEKLY PROGRESS
REPORT MICRO
PROJECT
Sign of
Sr.no. Project Activity Guide Date
Week

1st
1 Discussion & finalization of topic

2nd
2 Preparation & submission of abstract

3rd
3 Literature review.

4th
4 Collection of data.

5th
5 Discussion and outline of content.

6th
6 Formulation of content.

7th
7 Editing & proof reading of content.

8th Compilation of report & presentation.

8

9th
9 Seminar.

10th
10 Viva voice.

11th
11 Final submission of micro project.
MIT Polytechnic Dhanore , Yeola
GROUP DETAILS.

Sr. Name of group Rol Enrollment Seat No

No members l No No

1. DAVALA NITIN S. A18

2211710131 376852

2. UGALE KRUSHNA S 2211710132

376853
B33
3
SAKAT GANESH W B25 2211710133 376854

4. GAIKWAD GANESH B 376855

A25 2211710134
5. KSHIRSAGAR ROHAN 376856
A47 2211710135
N
6. KSHIRSAGAR A48
2211710136 376857
SAURABH G

Name of Guide : Prof. H.M GAIKWAD

MIT Polytechnic Dhanore , Yeola
 1

9
 LIFE OF
STORY
chhatrapati

Shivaji
Maharaj •------------•-------
---• •

Indianking and founder of the

Maratha Empire
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was the founder of the Maratha Empire. Shivaji
Bhonsale was born in the Shivneri Fort in Maharashtra on 19 February 1630 to
mother Jijabai and father Shahaji Bhosale. It is said that mother Jijabai prayed to
Lord Shiva in Shivneri Fort for a brave son and kept her sonname as Shivaji
after the Hindu god Shiva.[1]
1
Shivaji

1st Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire

Predecessor Position Established

Successor Sambhaji

Born 19 February 1630

Died 3 April 1680 (aged 50)

Religion Hinduism

Shivaji Maharaj is one of the revered historical figures of Maharashtra. He

created an independent and sovereign state in the Maharashtra region. In

2
course of t ime, his prominence in the polit ical sphere of Maharashtra, as acultural icon
of Marathi pride.[2]

Shivaji was born at the Shivneri fort near Junnar in Pune district on 19th
February 1630. Shivaji’s mother, Jijabai was the daughter of Lakhuji Jadhavrao
of Sindkhed. His father Shahaji Bhonsale was a prominent sardarin the Deccan.
He worked under the local Deccan sultanates. At the t ime of Shivaji's birth,
most of the territory in Maharashtra was under the possession of the Nizamshah
of Ahmednagar and the
Adilshah of Bijapur who were known as the Deccan sultanates. In the coastal
belt of Konkan, there were two sea powers fighting for control, the Christian
Portuguese and the Muslim Siddi. The Brit ish and the Dutch who were engaged
in expanding their t rade also had their factories on the coast. The Mughals,
since the period of Emperor Akbar wanted to expand their power in the South.
The Mughals launched a campaign to conquer the Nizamshahi Kingdom. The
Adilshah of Bijapur allied with the Mughals in this campaign. Shahaji Bhonsale
t ried to rebel, but he could not withstand the combined might of the Mughals
and the Adilshahi. The Nizamshahi kingdom came to an end in 1636. Thereafter
Shahaji became a Sardar of the
Adilshah of Bijapur and was posted in Karnataka. The region comprising Pune,
Supe, Indapur, and Chakan Parganas located between the Bhima and Nira rivers
which were vested in Shahaji as a jagir was continued by the Adilshah.
Shahaji was also assigned a jagir of Bangalore. Mata Jijabai and Shivaji, stayed
for a few years with Shahaji at Bangalore until Shivaji was twelve
years old. Shahaji entrusted the administration of the Lakshmi jagir to Shivajiand
Mata Jijabai. Shivaji grew up amidst the hills and valleys of the Pune region
under the guidance of his mother Jijabai. His mother Jijabai taught Shivaji the
stories of the Hindu epics and scriptures such as Mahabharata and also stories of
old mighty Hindu kingdoms such as the Vijayanagara.
Shivaji was also trained in guerrilla warfare.
Foundation of the Maratha kingdom

Several small spurs run eastward from the sahyadri in the Pune region. The
extremely rugged valleys enclosed by these are usually known as the Mavals or
Khores each named after the stream running through it , or after the principal
village. Collectively they are known as the Mavals. The inhabitants of this region
who are called the Mavalas were extremely hardypeople. Shivaji Maharaj started
the work of founding the Swaraj in this region which is full of hills and valleys
and is not easily accessible. He
skillfully utilized the geographical features of the Maval region for thefoundation
of the Swaraj. He created a feeling of t rust and affection in minds of the people.
Many associates, companions, and Mavalas joined himin his work of founding
Swaraj. The objective of Shivaji Maharaj in founding the Swaraj is clearly
expressed in his official seal or Mudra which is in Sanskrit. Through this Mudra,
Shivaji Maharaj assured his people that the‘ever- increasing like the crescent moon,
the kingdom of Shivaji, son of Shahaji, will always seek the welfare of the people.
 The Royal Seal of Shivaji Maharaj
4

In the medieval period, forts carried much significance. With a firm hold overa
fort, one could defend as well as control the surrounding area and could rule the
land. In case of an enemy’s invasion, it was possible to protect the people taking
shelter in the fort. The forts situated within the jagir of Shivaji Maharaj were not
under his control but were under the control of Adilshah. Therefore an attempt
to capture the forts meant to challenge the Adilshahi power. Shivaji Maharaj
decided to acquire the forts that werewithin his jagir. He captured the forts of
Murumbdev (Rajgad), Torna, Kondhana, Purandar and laid the foundation of the
Swaraj. Shivaji Maharaj was steadily but cautiously aiming at extending and
consolidating his power. Those sardars who appreciated his aim were brought to
his side, butsome sardars in the Adilshahi opposed him. It was necessary to bring
them under control to found the Swaraj.

The Capture of Javali

The region of Javali in the Satara district was important from the strategicpoint
of view. Many routes to the Konkan were through Javali. For the expansion of
the Swaraj in the Konkan, it was essential to control that region. The region of
Javali was ruled by Chandrarao More, a powerful
5
Sardar in the Adilshahi. Shivaji Maharaj attacked Javali and captured it in A.D.1656.
Then he also captured Rairi. This strong fort, later under the name of Raigad, was to
become the capital of Shivaji Maharaj. Shivaji Maharaj built the Pratapgad fort in the
Javali valley to protect the newly conqueredterritory and to control the Paar pass. The
victory at Javali led to the expansion of the Swaraj in Konkan. Shivaji Maharaj then
crossed the Ghats and descended into Konkan. He captured Kalyan and Bhivandi on
the Konkancoast which were under the control of Adilshahi. Shivaji Maharaj also
captured forts like Mahuli, Lohagad, Tunga, Tikona, Visapur, Songad, Karnala,Tala
and Ghosala, in the Konkan. Shivaji Maharaj was able to command the coast line
because of his acquisition of this territory in the Konkan. He came in contact with the
Portuguese, the Brit ish and the Siddi powers on the western coast. The Siddi
controlled the fort of Janjira and the areas around, including Danda- Rajpuri.
Wherever in future these powers created obstacles in the work of expanding the
Swaraj, Shivaji Maharaj t ried to curbtheir activities.

The Establishment of Maratha Navy

When Shivaji Maharaj became master of a long coastal strip, he deemed it

necessary to undertake the construction of a Navy. Shivaji Maharaj realizedthat the
one who had a navy, controlled the sea. To protect his own

6
 territory from the Siddi's depredations, to protect the merchant ships andports
in order to secure and enhance revenue incomes derived from maritime t rade
and customs duty, he concentrated on building the Navy.There were four
hundred ships of various kinds in the Navy. They includedbattleships like
Gurab, Galbat and Pal.

The defeat of Afzal Khan and the Battle ofJavali

Shivaji Maharaj had openly challenged the Adilshahi by capturing forts in hisjagir
and the territory in north Konkan. At that t ime the Badi Sahiba was looking after
the administration of Adilshahi. She sent Afzal Khan, a powerful and experienced
Adilshahi General to curb Shivaji Maharaj. Afzal Khan set out from Bijapur
sometime in May 1659. To isolate Shivaji Maharaj,Ali Adilshah issued Farmans
to the Deshmukhs in the Mavals, ordering them to join Afzal Khan. Besides this,
Afzal Khan made efforts to seek the support of the Deshmukh's. A meeting
between Shivaji Maharaj and Afzal Khan took place on 10th November 1659 at
the foot of Pratapgad. At the meeting, Afzal Khan attempted t reachery when he
went to greet Shivaji Maharaj by stabbing Shivaji in the back with his dagger
however Shivaji Maharaj had come prepared and he was wearing body armour so
the daggerfailed to pierce his skin. In retaliation, Shivaji Maharaj ripped at Afzal
Khan's stomach with his weapon which is known as t iger- claws (wagh-nakh) and
killed Afzal Khan. The Marathas destroyed Afzal Khan’s army in the dense forests
of Javali. Shivaji Maharaj secured a large booty from Afzal Khan'scamp which
enabled him to consolidate and strengthen his position.

The Expedition of Siddi Jauhar

Shivaji Maharaj intended to capture as much of Adilshahi province and fortsas

possible. Thereafter, he was captured from the Adilshah forts of

7
Panhala, Vasantgad, and Khelna. He renamed Khelna as Vishalgad. In A.D. 1660,
to check the rapid progress of Shivaji Maharaj, the Adilshah sent SiddiJauhar, the
Sardar of Karnul region, with a large army against Shivaji Maharaj.The Adilshah
gave Siddi the t it le of ‘Salabatkhan’. In these circumstances, Shivaji Maharaj
took shelter in the Panhala fort. Siddi’s soldiers led siege to the fort for about five
months. Shivaji Maharaj found himself t rapped inside the fort. Netaji Palkar made
attempts to raise the siege by 4 attacking Siddi’s army from outside. But Siddi
showed no signs of relenting. Shivaji Maharaj opened overtures with him. This
led to slackness in the siege around Panhalgad. Taking advantage of the situation
Shivaji Maharaj escaped through siege around the Panhala fort and proceeded to
Vishalgad. Siddi Jauhar’s army pursued Shivaji Maharaj. Shivaji Maharaj
stationed Baji Prabhu Deshpande at the foot of Vishalgad and entrusted the
responsibility of stopping the Siddi’s army. Baji Prabhu Deshpande checked
Siddi’s army at the Ghod pass near Gajapur. He fought with the greatest valor.
Baji Prabhu died a hero’s death in this battle. While going toVishalgad, Shivaji
Maharaj also crushed the opposition of the Adilshahi sardars- Dalvi of Palawan
and Surve of
Shringarpur. Maharaj reached
Vishalgad safely. While Shivaji Maharaj was trapped at Panhala, the
Mughalarmy invaded the Swaraj. Shivaji Maharaj realized that it would not be
prudent to fight two enemies at the same t ime. Therefore Shivaji Maharaj
entered into a t reaty with the Adilshah. As per the t reaty, he returned the fort
of Panhala to the Adilshah.

Conflict with the Mughals: Shaista Khan’sInvasion

For the expansion of the Swaraj, conflict with the Mughals was inevitable.
Emperor Aurangzeb appointed Shaista khan, to the viceroyalty of the
Deccan, ordering him to invade and annex Shivaji Maharaj’s dominions.
Shaista khan left Ahmednagar in February 1660 and arrived in Pune on 10thMay 1660.
He decided to capture the fort of Chakan to obtain supplies.
 8
Though the killedar of the fort of Chakan- Firangoji Narsala offered strong resistance to Shaista khan’s
army, the Mughals captured the fort of Chakan.Shaista khan captured Swaraj's territories - Pune, Supe.
He set up his camp at Lal Mahal in Pune. The Mughal army began to ravage the regions around Pune.
Shaista khan adopted the strategy to occupy as much of Shivaji Maharaj’s dominions as possible. Forces
were dispatched to invade the Konkan region below the Ghats. Kalyan and Bhiwandi were captured by
the Mughal army. Shaista Khan appointed Kartalabkhan on an expedition to the North Konkan. Shivaji
Maharaj humbled the Khan in Umbarkhind. Shivaji Maharaj left Netaji Palkar to defend the North
Konkan and he marched southwards and captured Dabhol, Chiplun, Sangameshwar, Rajapur,
Palavani, and Shringarpur. Two years had passed but Shaista khan still would not thinkof
leaving
Pune. Naturally, this harmed the population. Intending to drive Shaista khan out
of
Pune, Shivaji Maharaj devised a bold plan. On 5th April 1663, Shivaji Maharaj
raided Lal Mahal. In this raid, Shaista khan lost his fingers. He left Pune and
shifted his camp to Aurangabad. The successful attack on Shaista khan resulted
in an immense increase in Shivaji Maharaj's prestige and fame. It also had an
impact on the people and their faith in thecapabilities of Maharaj was
strengthened even further.

The Surat Campaign

In three years, Shaista Khan had ravaged the territories of the Swaraj. It was
necessary to make up for this loss. Surat was the most prosperous port of the
Mughal Empire on the west coast. Europeans i.e. the Brit ish, the Dutchand the
French had their factories there. Shivaji Maharaj devised a plan of
attack on Surat. The Subhedar of Surat could not put up any resistance tothe
Marathas. Shivaji Maharaj obtained enormous wealth from Surat.
Surat'scampaign was a stunning blow to emperor Aurangzeb’s prestige.

Soon after his return from Surat, Shivaji Maharaj embarked upon a vigorous
naval program. Shivaji Maharaj had realized the importance of sea forts. Sea

Conclusion
 Notes
a. Based on multiple committees of historians and experts, the Government of Maharashtra accepts 19 February 1630 as his birthdate. This Julian calendar date of that
period (1 March 1630 of today's Gregorian calendar) corresponds[10] to the Hindu calendar birth date from contemporary records.[11][12][13] Other suggested dates
include 6 April 1627 or dates near this day.[14][15]

b. A decade earlier, Afzal Khan, in a parallel situation, had arrested a Hindu general during a truce ceremony.[45]

c. Jadunath Sarkar after weighing all recorded evidence in this behalf, has settled the point "that Afzal Khan struck the first blow" and that "Shivaji committed.... a
preventive murder. It was a case of a diamond cut diamond." The conflict between Shivaji and Bijapur was essentially political in nature, and not communal.[47]

d. As per Stewart Gordon, there is no proof for this, and Shivaji probably bribed the guards. But other Maratha Historians including A. R. Kulkarni and G. B.
Mehendale disagree with Gordon. Jadunath Sarkar probed more deeply into this and put forth a large volume of evidence from Rajasthani letters and Persian Akhbars.
With the help of this new material, Sarkar presented a graphic account of Shivajï's visit to Aurangzeb at Agra and his escape. Kulkarni agrees with Sarkar. [86]

e. Most of the great Maratha Jahagirdar families in the service of Adilshahi strongly opposed Shivaji in his early years. These included families such as the
Ghadge, More, Mohite, Ghorpade, Shirke, and Nimbalkar.[99]

f. Varna is sometimes also termed Varnashrama Dharma

g. As for the cause of his death, the Bombay Council’s letter dated 28th April 1680 says: “We have certain news that Shivaji Rajah is dead. It is now 23 days since he
deceased, it is said of a bloody flux, being sick 12 days.” A contemporaneous Portuguese document states that Shivaji died of anthrax. However, none of these sources
provides sufficient details to draw a definite conclusion. The Sabhasad Chronicle states that the King died of fever, while some versions of the A.K. Chronicle state that
he died of “navjvar” (possibly typhoid).[136]

h. Shivaji was not attempting to create a universal Hindu rule. Over and over, he espoused tolerance and syncretism. He even called on Aurangzeb to act like Akbar in
according respect to Hindu beliefs and places. Shivaji had no difficulty in allying with the Muslim states which surrounded him – Bijapur, Golconda, and the Mughals –
even against Hindu powers, such as the nayaks of the Karnatic. Further, he did not ally with other Hindu powers, such as the Rajputs, rebelling against the Mughals.[151]

References
1. Sardesai 1957, p. 222. 10. Apte, Mohan; Mahajani, Parag; Vahia, M. N. (January 2003). "Possible
errors in historical dates" (http://www.tifr.res.in/~vahia/shivaji.pdf)
2. Satish Chandra (1982). Medieval India: Society, the Jagirdari Crisis, and
(PDF). Current Science. 84 (1): 21. the
Village (https://books.google.com/books?id=vRM1AAAAIAAJ) .
Macmillan. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-333-90396-4. 11. Kulkarni, A. R. (2007). Jedhe Shakavali Kareena (https://catalog.hathitr ust.org/Record/003539370) . Diamond
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4. James Laine (1996). Anne Feldhaus (ed.). Images of women in
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Maharashtrian literature and religion (https://books.google.com/books?i org/details/ShriShivbharat) . Sadashiv Mahadev Divekar. pp. 51 (http
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Pada Sen (1973). Historians and historiography in modern India. ahia/shivaji.pdf) . Institute of Historical Studies. p. 106. ISBN 978-81-208-0900-0.

. Govind Ranade, Mahadev (1966). Rise of the Maratha Power. India: 15. N. Jayapalan (2001). History of India. Atlantic Publishers & Distri.
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(https://books.google.com/books?id=aIF6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PP19 8) . Penguin
UK. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-14-196655-7.
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Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-521-03316-9.
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India). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521268837 page=69 [1] (https://www-cambridg e-
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ntent/view/77CF65447181F279BA73A6A5D6B1E048/9781139055666c
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11
40. Roy, Kaushik (2012). Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia:
From Antiquity to the Present. Cambridge University Press. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-
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41. Abraham Eraly (2000). Last Spring: The Lives and Times of Great
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Penguin Books Limited. p. 550. ISBN 978-93-5118-128-6.
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Asia: From Antiquity to the Present (https://books.google.com/bo
oks?id=l1IgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202) . Cambridge University Press. pp.
202–. ISBN 978-1-139-57684-0.
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