ASSIGNMENT NO.

1
0f Sub - Measurements $ metrology

Submitted By:Md NAZABUL HAQUE 90221125228 B.tech (ME 5thA)

Submitted To:Lect:- Manpreet singh (Mech. Engg. Dept)

Chapter no(2) :- static and dynamic of instrument

QUE(1). Define

1. Dead zone
1. 2. Tolerance

3. Readability 4. Least count Ans. 1 : Dead zone; the largest change of input quantity for which there is no output of the instrument is termed as dead

zone .It may occure due to friction

in the instrument which does not allow pointer to move till sufficient driving force is deleved to overcome the friction loss . "Dead zone" it is caused by backlash and hysteresis in the instrument 2: tolerance; it is the maximum deviation of a manufactured component from some nominal value . Tolerance can be defined as the magnitude of permissible variation of dimention as other from the specified value . the primary purpose of the tolerance is permit variation in the dimentions without degradation of performance estabilished by the specification of design. 3: readability; the term readability is frequently used in analog type of instruments. It indicates closeness with which the scale of an analog type of instrument can be read the readability depends upon many factors such as ; (1) number of graduations ; (2) spacing of graduatiion ; (3) size of pointer ; (4) parallax effects ; (5) discriminating power of the observer . the readability,thus is logically impied by the name of significant figures; the

higher the number of significant figure, the better the readability of the instrument scale 4: least count; it is defne as the diffrence between the values of main scale and vernier scale divisions is called least count . eg. the main scale value is 0.5 and the vernier scale value is 0.48 therefore, least count = main scale value - vernier scale value

= 0.5-0.48 =0.02 Que no (2):-explain clearly the following terms (1)calibration (2) speed of response (3) threshold and resolution (4) fidelity. (1)Calibration is a comparison between measurements one of known magnitude or
correctness made or set with one device and another measurement made in as similar a way as possible with a second device. The device with the known or assigned correctness is called the standard. The second device is the unit under test, test instrument, or any of several other names for the device being calibrated
Speed of response The time required for a system to react to some signal; for example, the delay time for a photon detector to react to a radiation pulse, or the time needed for a current or voltage in a circuit to reach a definite fraction of its final value as a result of an abrupt change in the electromotive force.

(2)Threshold:- the point at which a stimulus is great enough to produce an effect. For example, a
pain threshold is the point at which a person becomes aware of pain. Resolution

(3)resolution :-Refers to the sharpness and clarity of an image. The term is most often used
to describe monitors, printers, and bit-mapped graphic images. In the case of dot-matrix and laser printers, the resolution indicates the number of dots per inch. For example, a 300-dpi (dots per

inch) printer is one that is capable of printing 300 distinct dots in a line 1 inch long. This means it can print 90,000 dots per square inch.

(4)fidelity:Fidelity, allegiance, fealty, loyalty. These nouns denote faithfulness. Fidelity implies the unfailing fulfillment of one's duties and obligations and strict adherence to vows or promises: fidelity to one's spouse. Allegiance is faithfulness considered as a duty: "I know no South, no North, no East, no West, to which I owe any allegiance-=@ellipsis4=- The Union, Sir, is my country" (Henry Clay). Fealty, once applied to the obligation of a tenant or vassal to a feudal lord, now suggests faithfulness that one has pledged to uphold: swore fealty to the laws of that country. Loyalty implies a steadfast and devoted attachment that is not easily turned aside: loyalty to an oath; loyalty to one's family.