MAPEH
Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
All Topics | 2nd Quarter | S.Y.2022-2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Afro-Latin American and Popular
Music
a. Music of Africa
b. Popular Music
2. Modern Art
a. Technology Based Art - Digital Art
b. Mobile Phone Art
c. Computer Generated Images
d. Digital Photography
e. Video Games/Digital
Painting/Imaging Videos
3. Active Recreation (Fitness)
a. Fitness
b. Eating Habits
c. Exercise
4. Consumer Health Issues & Concern
a. Health Related Laws and Health
Concern
b. Dangerous Drugs, Child Care, and
Safety in the Environment
MUSIC OF AFRICA
African music has a rich and diverse cultural
heritage that exists in hundreds of different
languages. The music in Africa always has the
technique of "Call and Response" in which a
person leads by singing a phrase and followed
and answered by a group of singers.
They usually perform by singing and using
percussion instruments played either by hands or
with sticks, drums, and others. This type of music
is also used for communication to convey news,
for teaching, for telling a story, and for religious
purposes including the Maracatu.
Music has always been an important part of the
daily life of the African people, whether for work,
religion, ceremonies, or even communication.
Singing, dancing, hand clapping and the beating
of drums are essential to many African
ceremonies, including those for birth, death,
initiation, marriage, and funerals. Music and
dance are also important to religious expressions
and political events
Some Music of Africa
1. Afrobeat is a term used to describe the
fusion of West African with black
American music.
2. Apala (akpala) is a musical genre from
Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style to wake
up the worshippers after fasting during the
Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.
3. Axe is a popular musical genre from
Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the
Afro- Caribbean styles of the marcha,
reggae, and calypso.
4. Jive is a popular form of South African
music featuring a lively and uninhibited
variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing
dance.
5. Juju is a popular music style from Nigeria
that relies on the traditional Yoruba
rhythms, where the instruments in Juju are
more Western in origin.
6. Kwassa Kwassa is a dance style begun
in Zaire in the late 1980's, popularized by
Kanda Bongo Man. In this dance style, the
hips move back and forth while the arms
move following the hips.
7. Marabl is a South African three-chord
township music of the 1930s-1960s which
evolved into African Jazz. Possessing a
keyboard style combining American jazz,
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Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
All Topics | 2nd Quarter | S.Y.2022-2023
ragtime and blues with African roots, it is
characterized by simple chords in varying
vamping patterns and repetitive harmony.
Some Vocal Forms of Africa
1. Maracatu first surfaced in the African
state of Pernambuco, combining the strong
rhythms of African percussion
instruments with Portuguese melodies.
The maracatu groups were called "nacoes"
(nations) paraded with a drumming
ensemble, accompanied by a singer,
chorus, and a coterie of dancers.
2. Blues is a musical form of the late 19th
century that has had deep roots in African-
American communities. These
communities are located in the so-called
"Deep South" of the United States.
3. Soul music was a popular music genre of
the 1950's and 1960's. It originated in the
United States. It combines elements of
African-American gospel music, rhythm
and blues, and often jazz.
4. Spiritual is normally associated with a
deeply religious person, refers here to a
Negro spiritual, a song form by African
migrants to America who became enslaved
by its white communities. AVON
5. Call and Response method is a
succession of two distinct musical
phrases usually rendered by different
musicians, where the second phrase acts
as a direct commentary on or response to
the first.
Influences on Latin American
Music
1. Indigenous Latin
● American Music Before the arrival of the
Spanish, Portuguese, and other European
colonizers, the natives were found to be
using local drum and percussion
instruments.
2. Native American/Indian Music
● The ethnic and cultural groups of the
principal native Americans share many
similar yet distinctive music elements
pertaining to melody, harmony, rhythm,
form, and dynamics. Short musical motives
from descending melodic lines were a
common feature, where tempo, rhythm, and
tone colors vary with the specific occasion
or ritual.
3. Afro-Latin American Music
● The African influence on Latin American
music is most pronounced in its rich and
varied rhythmic patterns produced by the
drums and various percussion instruments.
4. Euro-Latin American Music
● The different regions of Latin America
adopted various characteristics from their
European colonizers. Melodies of the
Renaissance period were used in Southern
Chile and the Colombian Pacific coasts,
while step-wise melodies were preferred in
the heavily Hispanic and Moorish-influenced
areas of Venezuela and Colombia.
5. Mixed American Music
● The diversity of races and cultures from the
Native Americans, Afro-Latin Americans,
and Euro-Latin Americans account for the
rich combinations of musical elements
including the melodic patterns, harmonic
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Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
All Topics | 2nd Quarter | S.Y.2022-2023
combinations, rhythmic complexities, wide
range of colors and dynamics, and various
structural formats.
6. Popular Latin American Music
● Latin America has produced a number of
musical genres and forms that have been
influenced by European folk music, African
traditional music, and native sources. Much
of its popular music has in turn found its
way to the many venues and locales of
America, Europe, and eventually the rest of
the world.
Vocal and Dance Forms of Latin
American Music
1. CUMBIA - Originating in Panama and
Colombia, the cumbia became a popular
African courtship dance with European
and African instrumentation and
characteristics.
2. RUMBA - The rumba popular recreational
dance of Afro-Cuban origin, a ballroom
dance where a solo dancer or couple would
be in an embrace though slightly apart, with
the rocking of the hips to a fast- fast-slow
sequence.
3. BOSSA NOVA - The word bossa comes
from the Brazilian capital of Rio de Janeiro,
which means either "trend" or "something
charming," integrating melody, harmony,
and rhythm into a swaying feel, where the
vocal style is often nasal.
● Sitti Navarro-Bossa Nova singer
(Phils.)
4. REGGAE is an urban popular music and
dance style that originated in Jamaica in the
mid 1960's. It contained English text
coupled with Creole expressions that were
not so familiar to the non- Jamaican. It was
a synthesis of Western American
(Afro-American).
● Bob Marley-Reggae singer
5. FOXTROT is a 20th century social dance
that originated after 1910 in the USA. It was
executed as a one step, two step and
syncopated rhythmic pattern. The tempo
varied from 30 to 40 bars per minute and
had a simple duple meter with regular 4-bar
phrases.
6. PASO DOBLE (meaning "double step
(paseo) and during passes just before the ")
is a theatrical Spanish dance used by the
Spaniards in bullfights, where the music
was played as the matador enters kill
(faena).
7. TANGO - The word tango may have been of
African origin meaning "African dance" or
from the Spanish word “taner” meaning "to
play" (an instrument). It is a foremost
Argentinian and Uruguayan urban popular
song and dance.
8. CHA CHA - is a ballroom dance that
originated in Cuba in 1953, derived from the
mambo and its characteristic rhythm of 2
crochets - 3 quavers - quaver rest, with a
syncopation on the fourth beat.
Other Popular Latin American
Music
1. SAMBA - is a dance form of African origin
at around 1838 which evolved into an
African- Brazilian invention in the working
class and slum districts of Rio de Janeiro.
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Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
All Topics | 2nd Quarter | S.Y.2022-2023
2. SON - is a fusion of the popular music or
canciones (songs) of Spain and the African
rumba rhythms of Bantu origin.
3. SALSA - is a social dance with marked
influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico that
started in New York in the mid 1970's.
Some African Instruments
IDIOPHONE (PERCUSSIVE INSTRUMENTS)
1. Balafon - The balafon is a West African
xylophone. It is a pitched percussion
instrument with bars made from logs or
bamboo.
2. Agogo is a single bell or multiple bells that
had its origins in traditional Yoruba music
and also in the samba baterias (percussion)
ensembles. It may be called "the oldest
samba instrument based on West African
Yoruba single or double bells."
3. Atingting Kon - These are slit gongs used
to communicate between villages. They
were carved out of wood to resemble
ancestors and had a "slit opening" at the
bottom. In certain cases, their sound could
carry for miles through the forest.
4. Djembe - The West African djembe
(pronounced zhem-bay) is one of the
best-known African drums is. It is shaped
like a large goblet and played with bare
hands.
CHORDOPHONE (STRINGED INSTRUMENTS)
1. Kora - The kora is Africa's most
sophisticated harp, while also having
features similar to a lute. Its body is made
from a gourd or calabash. The leather rings
around the neck are used to tighten the 21
strings that give the instrument a range of
over three octaves.
2. Zither is a stringed instrument with varying
sizes and shapes whose strings are
stretched along its body.
3. Zeze - is an African fiddle played with a
bow, a small wooden stick, or plucked with
the fingers. It has one or two strings, made
of steel or bicycle brake wire. It is from
Sub-Saharan Africa.
AEROPHONE (BLOWN INSTRUMENTS)
1. Flutes are widely used throughout Africa
and either vertical or side- blown.
2. Kudu horn -This is one type of horn made
from the horn of the kudu antelope. It
releases a mellow and warm sound that
adds a unique African accent to the music.
This instrument, which comes in a set of six
horns, reflects the cross of musical
traditions in Africa.
3. Trumpets - African trumpets are made of
wood, metal, animal horns, elephant tusks,
and gourds with skins from snakes, zebras,
leopards, crocodiles and animal hide...
LATIN AMERICAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
CHORDOPHONE (PERCUSSIVE INSTRUMENTS)
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Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
All Topics | 2nd Quarter | S.Y.2022-2023
1. Teponaztli is a Mexican slit drum hollowed
out and carved from a piece of hardwood.
2. Huehueti is a Mexican upright tubular
drum used by the Aztecs and other ancient
civilizations.
3. Rasp is a hand percussion instrument
whose oder sound is produced by scraping
a group of notched sticks with another stick,
creating a series of mohgrattling effects.
CHORDOPHONE (STRINGED INSTRUMENTS)
1. Charango -is a ten-stringed Andean guitar
from Bolivia. It is the size of a ukulele and a
smaller version of the mandolin, imitating
the early guitar and lute brought by the
Spaniards. It produces bright sounds and is
often used in serenades in Southern Peru.
AEROPHONE (BLOWN INSTRUMENTS)
1. Conch is a wind instrument made from a
seashell usually of a large sea snail. It is
prepared by cutting a hole in its spine near
the apeax, then blown into as if it were a
trumpet.
2. Panpipes or Zamponas of the Incas
were ancient instruments tuned to different
scalar varieties, played by blowing across
the tubetop. Typical models were either in
pairs or as several bamboo tubes of
different lengths tied together to produce
graduated pitches of sound.
3. Mariachi is an extremely popular band in
Mexico whose original ensemble consisted
of violins, guitars, harp, and an enormous
guitarron (acoustic bass guitar). Trumpets
were later added, replacing the harp.
Jazz Music
Jazz was an offshoot of the music of African slaves
who migrated to America. As is considered a
therapeutic outlet for human feelings, the Africans
used music to recall their nostalgic past in their
home country. It evolved into various more upbeat
jazz forms which the world has adopted and
incorporated into other contemporary styles.
Example of which is Jazz rock. Jazz rock is the
music of 1960's and 1970's bands that inserted jazz
elements into rock music. A synonym for "jazz
fusion," jazz rock is a mix of funk and R&B ("rhythm
and blues") rhythms, where the music used
amplification and electronic effects, complex time
signatures, and extended instrumental
compositions with lengthy improvisations in the jazz
style.
POPULAR MUSIC
Popular music, which is akin to traditional folk
music from the past, literally means "people's
music." Pop music, as it evolved in the twentieth
century, is music intended to entertain a large
audience, whether through radio or live
performances.
Ballads
Ballads originated as an expressive folksong in
narrative verse dealing typically about love. The
word is derived from both the medieval French
"chanson balladee" and "ballade" which refers to a
dancing song. It was used by poets and composers
since the 18th century until it became a slow
popular love song in the 19th century. Today, it
refers to a love song in a slightly pop or rock style,
with the following variations:
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Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
All Topics | 2nd Quarter | S.Y.2022-2023
1. Blues Ballads - a fusion of
Anglo-American and Afro-American styles
from the 19th century that deals with the
anti-heroes resisting authority. The form
emphasizes the character of the performer
more than the narrative content, and is
accompanied by the banjo or a guitar.
2. Pop Standard and Jazz Ballads - a
blues style built from a single verse of 16
bars ending on the dominant or
half-cadence, followed by a refrain/chorus
part of 16 or 32 bars in AABA form. The B
section acts as the bridge, and the piece
normally ends with a brief coda.
3. Pop and Rock Ballads - an emotional
love song with suggestions of folk music.
This style is sometimes applied to strophic
(verse-repeating) story-songs.
Standards
In music, the term "standard" is used to denote
the most popular and enduring songs from a
particular genre or style. Its style is mostly in a slow
or moderate tempo with a relaxed mood.
Among the notable promoters of this style are the
following: Frank Sinatra. His genre was categorized
as traditional pop and jazz. He was a successful
singer, actor, producer, director, and conductor. His
hit singles include "My Way" and "Strangers in the
Night". Another well-loved standards singer was
American balladeer Nat King Cole. He owes most
of his popular musical fame to his soothing baritone
voice. His famous hits include "L-O-V-E" and
"Unforgettable". Matt Monroe was an English singer
who became one of the most popular entertainers
in the international music scene during the 1960s.
His hit singles include "Portrait of My Love" and
"Bor Free".
Rock and roll
Rock and roll is the combination of
Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues,
jazz, and gospel music with the Western swing and
country music. The lead instruments were the piano
and saxophone and were eventually replaced by
modern instruments. Its name is derived from the
motion of a ship on the ocean, "rock and roll." The
greatest proponent of the rock and roll style was
the legendary Elvis Presley. His hit songs such as
"Heartbreak Hotel" and "Blue Suede Shoes" were
complemented by his good looks and elaborate
movements that included hugging the microphone
as he sang. Presley's style was the precursor of the
British band known as The Beatles, whose
compositions further boosted rock and roll as the
favorite genre of the times. Examples of The
Beatles' songs in this genre are "I Saw Her
Standing There", and "Get Back"."
Disco
● Another form of pop music known as
"Disco" rose in 70s. This type of music
pertained to rock music that was more
danceable, thus leading to the
establishment of venues for objud public
dancing also called discos. The term
originated from the French word
"discotheque" which means a library for
phonograph records. Famous figures of the
disco genre include ABBA, Donna Summer
("The Queen of Disco"), The Bee Gees and
Gloria
● Gaynor, bringing us such hits as "Dancing
Queen", "Stayin' Alive", "Boogie
Wonderland", and "Hot Stuff". Below are
links to access the music of Disco from
different artists. You can also access music
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Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
All Topics | 2nd Quarter | S.Y.2022-2023
tracks from the CD and open the folder
Disco.
Pop Music
● Parallel with the disco era, other pop music
superstars continued to emerge. Among
them were Diana Ross and the Supremes
(Stop in the Name of Love), Olivia Newton
John (Hopelessly Devoted to You), Elton
John (Skyline Pigeon) and The Carpenters
(We've Only Just Begun). Pop superstars in
more recent years were Celine Dion (My
Heart Will Go On), Whitney Houston (I Will
Always Love You), Mariah Carey (Hero),
Beyonce (Listen), and Bruno Mars (Just The
Way You Are) and many more. Michael
Jackson, "The King of Pop". Perhaps the
most popular solo performer of all time is
Michael Joseph Jackson who was born on
August 29, 1958 and died on June 25,
2009. He was an American recording artist,
entertainer, singer-songwriter, record
producer, musical arranger, dancer,
choreographer, actor, businessman, and
philanthropist. Jackson's 1982 album
"Thriller" remains the world's best-selling
album of all time, and four of his other solo
studio albums are among the world's
best-selling records: Off the Wall (1979),
Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), and History
(1995).
Hip-rap for music
● Hip hop is a stylized, highly rhythmic type
of music that usually includes portions of
rhythmically chanted words called rap. Rap
is characterized by the artist speaking along
with an instrumental or synthesized beat. It
has evolved into a subculture that
encompasses music like rapping, DJ'ing,
scratching and beatboxing. Among the early
hip hop artists were LL Cool J and Run
D.M.C. While recent popular names include
Beastie Boys, Eminem and Kanye West.
Below are links to access Pop Music from
different artists. You can also access music
tracks from the CD and open the folder Pop
Music.
Philippine Pop Music
● You learnt about the various genres of
popular music, such as ballads, standards,
rock & roll, pop music, hip hop, and rap. To
refresh your memory on popular music, who
is themost popular entertainer of all time
and also known as the "King of Pop"? It is,
without a doubt, none other than Michael
Jackson. Do we have popular music in our
country, the Philippines? Let's see what
happens in our next lesson.
● You've probably heard the phrase "OPM" on
a number of entertainment websites, but do
you know what it means? Original Pinoy
Music, or OPM for short, is a subgenre of
Contemporary Philippine Music. It was first
used to Philippine pop songs, particularly
ballads, such as those that were popular
after the demise of its predecessor, the
Manila Sound, in the late 1970s till the
present.
● In the Philippines, pop music began as a
translation or adaptation, if not outright
imitation, of Western songs. Bobby
Gonzales' "Hahabol-habol" (Hot Pursuit), a
local take on 1950s rock and roll, and Rico
Puno's Luneta, a local rendition of The Way
We Were, kicked things off. This struck a
chord with the youth right away, and it
eventually achieved widespread
acceptability, even among the "burgis"
(bourgeois or elite) crowd.
Here are the following artists in Philippine Pop
Music by decades: 1960s-1970s-Nora Aunor, Pilita
Corrales, Eddie Peregrina, Victor Wood, Asin, APO
Hiking Society, and others were highly popular
OPM singers.
● 1970s - 1980s. Major commercial Philippine
pop music artists were Claire dela Fuente,
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Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
All Topics | 2nd Quarter | S.Y.2022-2023
Didith Reyes, Rico Puno, Ryan Cayabyab,
Basil Valdez, Celeste Legaspi, Hajji
Alejandro, Rey Valera, Freddie Aguilar,
Imelda Papin, Eva Eugenio, Nonoy Zuñiga
and many more.
● 1980s to 1990s. This is regarded as the
"Golden Era of Philippine Ballads". Among
the classics that emerged were those
created by Ryan Cayabyab "Kay Ganda ng
Ating Musika", George Canseco "Kastilyong
Buhangin", Willie Cruz "Bituing Walang
Ningning", Jose Mari Chan "Please Be
Careful With My Heart", Gary Valenciano
and Regine "Sana Maulit Muli". We also
have Martin Nievera, Lea Salonga, Regine
Velasquez, Sharon Cuneta, Vina Morales,
Francis Magalona, Pops Fernandez, Janno
Gibbs, Ogie Alcasid, Joey Albert, Leah
Navarro, ZsaZsa Padilla and many other
singers in this period.
● 1990s to Present. The famous solo artists
and bands included The Eraserheads,
Smokey Mountain, Donna Cruz, Ariel
Rivera, Southborder, Afterimage, Andrew
E., Jaya, Rivermaya. More recently, OPM
stars Included Yeng Constantino, Sarah
Geronimo, Aiza eguerra etc...
TECHNOLOGY BASED ART -
DIGITAL ART
Technology has literally taken over every aspect
of life in the 21st century, and the creative and
visual arts have not been spared. In fact, for the
younger generations, art as you know it is
defined by technology — from its creation, to its
manipulation, to its reproduction, and even to its
distribution.
Technology based art - is essentially
computer generated and/or manipulated.
Through the centuries, visual artists used actual
brushes and palettes, and a whole array of
paints, inks, and natural pigment applied to
paper, canvas, fabric, stucco walls and ceilings.
Today’s computer artists employ the
ever-expanding powers of image manipulation
programs and applications to create their
works which can appear in an entire range of
media— whether as a physical output or a
virtual experience.
Computer art or Digital art - first came on
the scene in the early 1960s. Understandably,
this was due to the technology that was
constantly developing and that became available
at that time. Thus, the early experimenters were
not necessarily artists, but engineers and
scientists who had access to and experience with
the hardware needed.
Digital Art Medium - uses computer
technology in its creation. Digital art has
revolutionized more traditional art forms like
painting, sculpture, and cinema. Artists have
always encountered technological barriers in
their work. Digital is simply the newest medium
artists have discovered in their quest to tell their
stories constrained only by the limits of their
imagination. Some artists used their work to
express their views on politics, social, and
cultural issues, as well as to advocate causes
that are critical to modern life, such as the
environment and climate change.
How is Digital Art created?
● To produce the images and effect, they use
electronic and mechanical devices, rather
than the artist’s own hand.
● They used their works to express their
views on political, social and cultural issues.
● They used a strong scientific or
mathematical look.
● Geometric forms and repeating patterns
appear frequently.
● Traditional subjects like human beings,
landscapes, animals, and still life elements
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Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
All Topics | 2nd Quarter | S.Y.2022-2023
are simply incorporated as part of those
forms and patterns—-rather than as the
focus.
1. Jose Guadalupe Posada (Mexico) - Posada’s
Examples of Digital Artworks
1. Polygon Drawings - Frieder Nake, 1995
2. (DES) Orders - Molnar, 1947
2. Tyler Spangler (California) - Everyday
3. Generative Art - Jean-Pier Herbert, 2007
4. Cityscape - Antonio Gorordo 2010-2012
3. Dante Hipolito (Philippines) - His style has
Artworks where artist expresses
their ideals, goal, and
advocacies
creations became part of folk legend,
personifying living people to comment on
social strife in Mexican newspapers in the
late 1880s. His constant use of skeletons or
calaveras were a means to democratize his
subjects, stating, “In death we are all equal.”
objects become hallowed symbols of
celebration, humor, or emotion in the hands
of California artist Tyler Spangler. His
mission is to decontextualize even the most
familiar images with a bang. “I just want to
make people smile, laugh, and have
feelings”, he says.
been described as abstract or lyrical
painting, particularly among his followers on
social media platforms. He believes digital
art is the new creative frontier offering
limitless possibilities and accessibility. He
encourages artists and art lovers to
embrace new technologies in making art.
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Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
All Topics | 2nd Quarter | S.Y.2022-2023
MOBILE PHONE ART
● Technology based art is essentially
computer-generated and/or manipulated.
It is categorized as computer or digital art
that comprises Mobile phone, Digital
Photography, Digital painting,
Computer Generated Images and
Videos.
● Mobile phone that you constantly hold has
evolved from a mere communication tool,
into a creative device that allows you to
generate original works of art for an
entire range of purposes. These could be
personal photographs and videos that
you can manipulate with a myriad special
effect, both visual as well as sound and
music.
● They could also be school projects or
reports that require you to combine
images, incorporate text, even include
simple animation. The wonder of it all is
that you can do all these right on your
own mobile devices, particularly the
new-generation models known as
android tablets, phones, and combination
of both called “phablets.”
● The tasks that traditional photo editors
used to perform manually—cropping,
retouching, airbrushing—are now just a
few of the many editing effects done for
you with split-second ease at the click of
a mouse, a keyboard command, or a few
taps and drags of your finger on a touch
screen.
Image manipulation programs
and applications
1. Pixlr - a powerful, free online image editor.
2. Pic Collage - allows you to make collages
incorporating photos, stickers, text and
frames.
3. Photo Grid - a downloadable application
for android phones that allows you to make
collages out of images from your photo
gallery.
4. Doodle Booth - an iPad application (with a
free downloadable version) that enables you
to ‘doodle’ on your images using available
stickers.
5. Photo Booth - an application for taking
photos and videos using an iPad or
iPadmini (a version for the iPhone, called
Simple Booth, is also available).
6. Pic Monkey - a free online photo editing
tool that provides filters, frames, text, and
effects to manipulate your images.
7. Flip gram - a downloadable application
that allows you to ‘bring your photos to life’
in short videos set to music of your choice.
8. PicsArt - a free photo editor and drawing
application, as well as a social network for
you to share your art with others.
9. Snapseed - a photo application that
enables you to enhance, transform and
share your photos; a free downloadable
version for android phones is also available.
10. Instagram - a fast and fun way to share
images with others; snap a photo, choose
from among the available filters, and share
via Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, and more.
More programs and applications are constantly
being developed with even more new, exciting, and
fun features and capabilities. Each of these has an
extensive array of special features you can use to
modify your images.
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Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
All Topics | 2nd Quarter | S.Y.2022-2023
Sample Artwork from Local Artist
using Image Manipulator program
Application
● Antonio Gorordo is a seasoned Filipino
painter who demonstrated his new passion
for digital art at his debut solo exhibition in
the UK, moving his art practice from brush
strokes to mouse clicks.
● Gorordo showcased his latest artworks at
“Digital Abstraction” — an exhibit
featuring over a dozen of his digital
paintings created with a computer and
editing software between 2010 and 2012.
COMPUTER GENERATED IMAGES
● Computer technology has by now
invaded every aspect of modern life. It
was, therefore, inevitable that it would
develop into forms and devices that could
be mass produced, mass distributed, and
therefore widely accessible to everyone. In
other words, anyone with a computer
device—from a desktop PC to a laptop, to
a tablet or android phone—can now
capture and edit images and videos;
create, manipulate, and share works of art;
and even compose music. You can
be—and probably already are—a digital
artist in your own right.
● Computer/digital arts make use of
electronic and mechanical devices, rather
than the artist’s own hand, to produce the
desired images and effects. Thus, there
are technology-based art forms. There are
scaled-down versions of such programs
specifically developed for use on smaller,
handled units like your personal tablet or
android phone. These enable you to
perform virtually all the tasks that a
program like illustrator performs but,
almost literally, in the palm of your hand.
Many of these come at a fraction of the
cost of the complex programs or in some
cases even for free.
Computer Image Programs
Gimp Image Manipulation Program - is a free
and open-source raster program editor used for
image retouching and editing.
Paint.net - is a freeware raster graphics editor
program for Microsoft Windows, developed on the
net framework.
Inkscape - is a free and open-source vector
graphics editor; it can be used to create or edit
vector graphics such as illustrations, diagrams, line
arts, charts, logos and complex paintings.
Xara Extreme - is a powerful, general purpose
graphic program for unix platforms including linux
free BSD.
Art weaver - is a full-featured painting tool with a
huge set of predefined realistic brushes to paint.
Draw Plus - draw plus starter create attractive
vector artwork for the home, school and office and
ideal for creating graphics.
Pencil - it creates marks by physical abrasion,
leaving a trail of solid core material that adheres to
a sheet of paper or another surface.
Picasa - is a discontinued, cross platform image
organizer and image viewer for organizing and
editing digital photos.
Paint star - is versatile digital-image processing
software suitable for such tasks as retouching
photographs.
Smooth draw - is a natural painting and digital
freehand software that can produce high quality
pictures, with an intuitive UI.
Spray - water or liquid broken up into minute
droplets and blown, ejected, into or falling through
the air.
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Karbon - is a vector graphics editor. It is a

component of Calligra Suite, an integrated graphic
art and office suite by KDE.
Adobe Photoshop Express - is a photo editor
app for your mobile device. Edit your photos and
create collages in the app.
Corel Paint Shop Pro x5 - All in one photo editor
and graphic design software that changes the way
you edit photos.
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
● Another means of generating an original
image is to capture it first as a digital
file. That would mean recording the
image using a digital camera or a device
with a built-in camera, like mobile phone,
android device, or tablet.
● Prior to the development of digital
photography, cameras were essentially
sealed boxes that would allow a
split-second entry of light to strike a
section of light-sensitive film inside it. The
result was that whatever was in front of
the camera of the precise instant that the
light entered it would be imprinted on that
exposed section of film as
photographic image.
● The photographer (or a commercial
developing service) would then have to
process the exposed film in a special
enclosed space known as “dark room” –
and only then would the recorded images
be seen.
Photography - uses cameras containing
arrays of electronic photodetectors to produce
images focused by lens, as opposed to an
exposure on photographic film. Point and
shoot and Digital single lens Reflex Camera
(DSLR) are examples of digital photography.
● Digital photography emerged as a useful
tool for exploring a wide array of
photographic options.
Advantages of Digital
Photography
1. Instant results
2. Proper ISO from different shots
3. Digital media/camera is more portable
4. Images are easier to store
5. There are no film processing costs
6. Instant, easy photo sharing
7. Creative control
8. Easy editing/processing
Point-and-shoot Vs. DSLR
Point-and-shoot - automatically makes all the
adjustment in lighting, focus, zoom-in and
zoom-out, even removal of “red eye” with the user
being given some leeway for slight adjustment.
- Offers image enhancement features like
adjusting color and brightness imbalances,
as well as sharpening or blurring the image.
- It may even offer unique effects like
“fisheye” or filters that allow presenting of
the photo to be taken with a colored tint or a
special texture.
- It allows the user to immediately review
a
the photos taken without waiting for a
complex developing process and to delete
any unsatisfactory images while storing the
good ones for future needs.
- Also known as a compact camera and
sometimes abbreviated as P&S, a petite
digital camera that does aways with the
internal mirror and has built-in lens and
flash to make it as compact and lightweight
as possible.
Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) - provides
the film-less and instant review of a “point and
shoot” type of digital camera but gives the
photographer much more artistic freedom and
control to select the camera setting to create the
desired final image with the preferred visual effects.
- A digital camera that combines the optics

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and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex
camera with a digital imaging sensor.
Contains large sensors, which produce
quality images, but there’s a less appealing
trade-off in bulk and weight.
Basic tips for taking a good
Photograph
1. Choose a good location. An interesting
location can sometimes make the difference
between a good and a great photo.
2. Check the available background is
relatively simple and not too cluttered, so
that the focus will be on your chosen
subject.
3. Natural light in the outdoors or near a
window is usually the most flattering or
effective for any kind of subject.
4. Avoid taking shots facing the light, as
this would make your subject backlit and
most of the details would be lost in shadow.
5. If you intend to take a posed shot, position
your subject where you want in relation to
the location, background, and source of light
6. If you intend to take a candid shot, position
yourself where you can capture the most
interesting, amusing, touching, or engaging
moment or expression.
7. Take a variety of shots- ranging from far
shots showing the surroundings, to
medium distance concentrating on the
main subject to tight or close-up shots that
focus on details of the subject.
VIDEO GAMES/DIGITAL
PAINTING/IMAGING VIDEOS
Video Games - an electronic game that
involves interaction with a user interface to
generate visual feedback on a two or three
dimensional video display device such as a
touchscreen, virtual reality headset or monitor/TV
set.
- Video games range from educational
games and mind twisters to building and
construction games, to ones that entail
physical interaction by users ( sports,
fitness, dance).
- There are also tremendously popular
games of strategy, war, science fiction,
and mythical worlds that employ
amazingly complex and realistic graphics,
motion, sound and other special effects.
- It is now possible for video games fans to
become video game creators themselves.
EXAMPLES OF VIDEO GAME PROGRAMS:
1. TWINE - is an open - source tool for
telling interactive, nonlinear stories.
2. STENCYL - is a video game development
tool that allows users to create 2D video
games for computers, mobile devices, and
the web.
3. GAME MAKER - is a series of cross
platform game engines created by Mark
Overmars in 1999 and developed by YoYo
Games since 2007.
Digital Painting - a method of creating an
artwork using a computer.
- Still makes use of traditional painting
mediums such as acrylic paint, oils, ink,
and watercolor and applies the pigment to
traditional surfaces, such as canvas,
paper, polyester, etc.
- Digital painting also refers to a technique
using a graphic software program to
create an artwork that is totally virtual.
- The canvas, brushes, paints, and other
tools are all virtual, existing only within the
computer. The finished work is also stored
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Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
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in virtual format, to be shared through
cyberspace.
- Ctrl + Paint is an example of an online
resource for teaching yourself digital
painting for free, via simple videos and
mini tutorials.
Imaging Videos
1. Social media purposes - the explosion of
social media in recent decades that
provided a new platform for video
materials targeting the “netizens” of
today.
- Not only are there online
advertisements that continuously
bombard the users’ computer
screens and mobile phone
displays. But there are also
millions of personally produced
videos that are constantly
uploaded to online platforms like
YouTube — from music, dance,
and stage performances to
tutorials of all kinds to recipes to
documentaries to new clips to
marriage proposals.
- The digital technology to capture
and edit such videos is contained
right in your tablets and android
phones.
- Raw video clips can be enhanced
and modified with a myriad of
effects depending on the particular
video application you have
installed in your device.
2. medical/scientific purposes - imaging
videos in the field of medicine and
science.
- You may be familiar with Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI),
Computerized Tomography (CT
Scans), and the like which are
used to create and record visual
images of a patient's internal
anatomy in order to diagnose and
treat diseases and injuries.
- There are also ultrasound tests or
sonograms, which translate sound
waves bouncing off physical
objects into images that can be
studied — whether a baby
developing in the womb (in 2d,
33d, and 4d options), growths or
malformations inside the body,
structural flaws in buildings, as well
as objects in outer space,
underground, and deep in the
ocean.
FITNESS
Physical activity
● movement that is carried out by the
skeletal muscles that requires energy. In
other words, any movement one does is
actually physical activity. Exercise,
however, is planned, structured, repetitive
and intentional movement intended to
improve or maintain physical fitness.
Exercise
● is planned, structured, repetitive and
intentional movement intended to improve
or maintain physical fitness.
How much physical activity is
recommended?
WHO recommends:
Children and adolescents aged 5-17 years
● Should do at least 60 minutes of moderate
to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
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● Physical activity of amounts greater than 60
minutes daily will provide additional health
benefits.
● Should include activities that strengthen
muscle and bone, at least 3 times per week.
Adults aged 18-64 years
● Should do at least 150 minutes of
moderate-intensity physical activity
throughout the week or do at least 75
minutes of vigorous-intensity physical
activity throughout the week, or an
equivalent combination of moderate- and
vigorous-intensity activity
● For additional health benefits, adults should
increase their moderate-intensity physical
activity to 300 minutes per week, or
equivalent.
● Muscle-strengthening activities should be
done involving major muscle groups on 2 or
more days a week.
Adults aged 65 years and above
● Should do at least 150 minutes of
moderate-intensity physical activity
throughout the week, or at least 75 minutes
of vigorous-intensity physical activity
throughout the week, or an equivalent
combination of moderate- and
vigorous-intensity activity. For additional
health benefits, they should increase
moderate-intensity physical activity to 300
minutes per week, or equivalent.
● Those with poor mobility should perform
physical activity to enhance balance and
prevent falls, 3 or more days per week.
● Muscle-strengthening activities should be
done involving major muscle groups, 2 or
more days a week. The intensity of different
forms of physical activity varies between
people. In order to be beneficial for
cardiorespiratory health, all activity should
be performed in about of at least 10 minutes
duration.
Benefits of physical activity and risk of
insufficient physical activity
Regular physical activity of moderate intensity -
such as walking, cycling, or doing sports - has
significant benefits for health. At all ages, the
benefits of being physically active outweigh
potential harm, for example through accidents.
Some physical activity is better than doing none. By
becoming more active throughout the day in
relatively so people can quite easily achieve the
recommended activity levels.
● Regular and adequate levels of physical
activity: improve muscular and
cardiorespiratory fitness;
● improve bone and functional health; reduce
the risk of hypertension, coronary heart
disease, stroke, diabetes
● various types of cancer(including breast
cancer and colon cancer), and depression;
● reduce the risk of falls as well as hip or
vertebral fractures; and
● are fundamental to energy balance and
weight control.
Insufficient physical activity is one of the leading
risk factors for global mortality and is on the rise in
many countries, adding to the burden of NCDs and
affecting general health worldwide. People who are
insufficiently active have a 20% to 30% increased
risk of death compared to people who are
sufficiently active.
Levels of insufficient physical activity
Globally, around 23% of adults aged 18 and over
were not active enough in 2010 (men 20% and
women 27%). In high-income countries, 26% of
men and 35% of women were insufficiently
physically active, as compared to 12% of men and
24% of women in low-income countries Low or
decreasing physical activity levels often correspond
with a high or rising gross national product. The
drop in physical activity is partly due to inaction
during leisure time and sedentary behavior on the
job and at home. Likewise, an increase in the use
of "passive" modes of transportation also
contributes to insufficient physical activity
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Globally, 81% of adolescents aged 11-17 years
were insufficiently physically active in 2010
Adolescentgirls were less active than adolescent
boys, with 84% vs. 78% not meeting WHO
recommendations.
Several environmental factors which are linked to
urbanization can discourage people from becoming
more active, such as:
● fear of violence and crime in outdoor areas
● high-density traffic
● low air quality, pollution
● lack of parks, sidewalks and
sports/recreation facilities.
How to increase physical activity?
Countries and communities must take action to
provide individuals with more opportunities to be
active, in order to increase physical activity.
Policies to increase physical activity aim to ensure
that:
● in cooperation with relevant sectors physical
activity is promoted through activities of
daily living;
● walking, cycling and other forms of active
transportation are accessible and safe for
all;
● labor and workplace policies encourage
physical activity;
● schools have safe spaces and facilities for
students to spend their free time actively;
● quality physical education supports children
to develop behavior patterns that will keep
them physically active throughout their lives;
and
● sports and recreation facilities provide
opportunities for everyone to do sports.
Physical activity or exercise can improve your
health and reduce the risk of developing several
diseases like type 2 diabetes, cancer and
cardiovascular disease. Physical activity and
exercise can have immediate and long-term health
benefits. Most importantly, regular activity can
improve your quality of life.
Four main types of Physical
Activity
Aerobic Activity
● moves your large muscles, such as those in
your arms and legs. This activity makes
your heartbeat faster than usual. You also
breathe harder during this type of activity.
Over time, regular aerobic activity makes
your heart and lungs stronger and able to
work better.
Muscle-Strengthening
● are those that require them to lift their own
body weight or to work against a resistance,
suchas climbing a rope.
Bone-strengthening activities
● produce an impact tension force on the
bones that promotes bone growth and
strength. Some examples of bone-
strengthening activities include: hopping,
skipping, jumping rope, running, and
gymnastics, lifting weights, volleyball, tennis
and basketball.
Stretching
● is a form of physical exercise in which a
specific muscle or tendon (or muscle group)
is deliberately flexed or stretched in order to
improve the muscle's felt elasticity and
achieve comfortable muscle tone. The result
is a feeling of increased muscle control,
flexibility. and range of motion.
As physical activities require effort and energy, one
of the most important things to consider before
engaging in it is having a Warm-up Exercise.
Warming-up prepares your heart, lungs and
muscles for the strenuous phase, the main focus of
your workout. In this activity, you will perform basic
stretching and warm-up exercises to condition your
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Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
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body in performing a variety of fitness activities in
this module.
REMEMBER:
● An effective warm-up exercise should:
● Increase blood flow to the muscles
● Increase muscle elasticity
● Gently raise heart rate
● Increase mental alertness, and Increase
core body temperature
6 Types of Stretches
a. Neck Stretch
➔ Bend your head forward and slightly to
the right.
➔ With your right hand, gently pull your
head downward to stretch your neck. Hold
for about 16 counts. Repeat on the
opposite side.
b. Shoulder Rolls
➔ Stand in upright position. Roll shoulders in
circular motion forward to backward.
c. Side Arm Stretch
➔ Stand in upright position. Extend the right
arm to the left. Use the left arm/hand to
gently push the right arm towards the
body to straighten and stretch it. Hold the
stretch for 16 counts. Repeat on left arm.
d. Triceps Stretch
➔ Extend one hand down the center of your
back, fingers pointing downward.
➔ Use the other hand to grasp the elbow
and stretch your triceps muscle.
➔ Hold the stretch for 16 counts. Repeat on
the opposite arm,
e. Hamstring Stretch
➔ Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart,
one foot extended half a step forward.
Keeping the front leg straight, bend your
rear leg, resting both hands on the bent
thigh. .Stretch the hamstring muscles.
Hold the stretch for 16 counts. Repeat on
the opposite leg.
f. Quadriceps Stretch
➔ Stand near a wall or a piece of sturdy
exercise equipment for support. up and
back until you feel
➔ Grasp your ankle and gently pull your
heel a stretch in front of your thigh. Hold
for about 16 counts. Switch legs and
repeat.
Eating Habits
Eating habits (or food habits) refers to why
and how people eat, which foods they eat, and with
whom they eat, as well as the ways people obtain,
store, use, and discard food. Individual, social,
cultural, religious, economic, environmental, and
political factors all influence people's eating habits.
Eating Habits in the Philippines
A typical Filipino meal consists of a main seafood
or meat dish served with soup, vegetables and rice,
with tea or coffee. Chicken often has bones in it.
Fish often come with the heads attached. In much
of the Philippines breakfast, lunch and dinner are
same: Filipino-style rice with some pieces of meat
and vegetables in it.
A typical Filipino breakfast is comprised of danggit
(dried fish), rice, fruit and ensaimada (sugar buns)
or eggs, sausage and pandesal (sourdough bread).
Spam is a popular breakfast treat. Breakfast is
usually eaten between 6:30am and 8:00am.
Merienda is the name of a midmorning and
afternoon snack that was introduced by the
Spanish. It is usually served around 3:00pm after a
siesta. Some people take a morning merienda
around 10:00 am. Coca-Cola is very popular.
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Lunch is served from about 12:00 noon to 1:00pm
and consists of sour soup, cooked pork, meat stew,
fish, and/or vegetables. Many dishes can be
steamed, stir-fried, or boiled in a variety of different
ways.
Dinner is served from 6:00pm on, with 7:30pm the
customary late time. Fish, pork, or chicken is
served at dinner with a soup made of lentils or
vegetables. If alcohol is being served, pre dinner
drinks may begin with beer or rice wine, and end
with coffee or tea.
Lifestyle Diseases
Lifestyle diseases are illnesses that are mostly
caused by people's daily lifestyle. In our country,
lifestyle-related disorders are on the rise. The
elimination of the causes is the obvious and only
method to obtain healing and improved health, thus
identifying the causes of lifestyle disorders is
crucial.
Causes of Lifestyle Disease
1. Dehydration - Dehydration of the
muscles and tendons is a primary cause of
muscle fatigue, strain, tendonitis, and other
disorders of the musculoskeletal system. 2
Malnutrition - The lack of living foods in our
diet along with the overconsumption of
deadfoods cause chronic disease.
2. Inflammation - Inflammation is a primary
cause of most lifestyle-related disorders,
including heart disease and musculoskeletal
disorders.
3. Fatigue - Lack of sleep is associated with
numerous serious medical illnesses
including. high blood pressure, heart
disease, stroke, obesity, and mental
impairment.
4. Poor physical fitness - It's widely
recognized that there's a direct correlation
between poor levels of physical fitness and
increased risk of chronic diseases.
5. Poor health habits - Smoking, alcohol,
drug use/abuse, sugar, fast food, soft
drinks, chocolate, artificial sweeteners,
worry, and stress have a negative impact on
your health.
Lifestyle Diseases:
● Heart disease
● Diabetes
● Cancer
● Alzheimer's and Dementia Kidney and Liver
Disease
● Gallbladder Disease
● Arteriosclerosis
● Stroke
● Arthritis
● Osteoporosis Pulmonary Disease
● Degenerative Neck and Back Disorders
● Migraine Headaches
● Sleep Disorders
● Musculoskeletal Disorders
● Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
● Nerve Compression Disorders
● Tendonitis
.
Lifestyle diseases are a global hazard to nations'
socioeconomic aspects, and effective management
strategies are urgently required. To reduce the
burden of lifestyle diseases on individuals and
society, a comprehensive approach involving all
sectors, including health, finance, education,
planning, and others, is required.
Tips to Prevent Lifestyle Diseases:
Tip 1 - Good health is all about taking charge and
doing what's right for your body. Eat more green
veggies, fresh fruits, calcium & fiber rich foods and
switch to whole grain/multi grain flour. Reduce your
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portion size and eat at regular intervals (every 2
hours).
Tip 2 - Walking is considered as the best and safest
form of exercise for people of all ages. It not only
helps you burn calories but also improves your
strength, stamina and endurance. There are many
more ways through which you can incorporate
exercise in your daily routine to keep fit.
Tip 3 - Any kind of addiction, whether it is of
alcohol, nicotine or any other form of drug, can ruin
your health in the worst way possible.
Tip 4 - Extra weight, particularly around the
stomach, has been linked to cardiovascular
mortality. Obese and overweight people are at risk
for a variety of major health problems. Maintain a
healthy weight by consuming low-calone, fat-free
foods and in some type of exercise on a daily basis.
Tip 5 - Excessive consumption is harmful to one's
health. High sugar, salt, and oil intake can cause
major health problems such as diabetes, high blood
pressure, and heart disease (due to high
cholesterol). Reduce the amount of these three
ingredients in your food.
Tip 6 - Take care of your body because it is the only
one you have. Periodic examinations can provide
an in-depth assessment of your present health
situation. It also aids in the early detection and
treatment of illnesses. Once every six months,
make an appointment for a thorough health
examination.
Changing Your Eating Habits
To eat a healthy diet, you may need to make some
changes. Remember that you can change your
eating habits a little bit at a time. Small changes are
easier to make and can lead to better health.
Here are some ways to make healthy changes
in your eating habits:
● Keep more fruits, low-fat dairy products
(low-fat milk and low-fat yogurt), vegetables
and whole-grain foods at home and at work.
Focus on healthy food to your diet, rather
than just taking unhealthy foods away.
● Try to eat a family meal every day at the
kitchen or dining table. This will help you
focus on eating healthy meals.
● Buy a healthy-recipe book, and cook for
yourself. Chew gum when you cook so you
won't be tempted to snack on the
ingredients.
● Pack a healthy lunch and snacks for work.
This lets you have more control over what
you eat.
● Put your snacks on a plate instead of eating
from the package. This helps you control
how much you eat.
● Don't skip or delay meals, and be sure to
schedule your snacks. If you ignore your
feelings of hunger, you may end up eating
too much or choosing an unhealthy snack. If
you often feel too hungry, it can cause you
to focus a lot on food.
● Eat your meals with others when you can.
Relax and enjoy your meals, and don't eat
too fast. Try to make healthy eating a
pleasure, not a chore.
● Drink water instead of high-sugar drinks
(including high-sugar juice drinks).
REMEMBER:
● Recognize your eating pattern by
maintaining a food diary to record your daily
food intake and what you felt while and after
eating. Through this, you may be able to
reconsider what food you should cut down
and how much to cut down.
● Eating slowly will help feeling satisfaction
when you have already had the right
amount of food. It will also allow you to feel
full afterwards, helping you eat less
● Eating a lot fruits and vegetables and with
broth-based soup as a starter will help you
feel fuller.
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● Making use of smaller plates helps to

business and industry.
moderate the portion of your foods, without
the food actually appearing less in portion.
● Drinking at least 8 glasses of non-caloric 5. Republic Act No. 9512 (National
beverages per day will help feel full, making Environmental Awareness and Education
it more feasible for you to eat less. Act of 2008)
● Putting snacks from large packaging to a. This Act promotes environmental
smaller ones will help you avoid overeating. awareness through environmental
education.
4.) A. Health Related Laws and 6. Republic Act No. 8423 (Traditional and
Health Concern Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of 1997)
a. It was established in 1999- It is an
act that is responsible for the
10 Existing Health-Related Laws: creation of the Philippine Institute
of Traditional and Alternative
HealthCare (PITACH), which aims
1. Republic Act No. 10354 to accelerate the development of
(Responsible Parenthood and traditional and alternative health
Reproductive Health Act of 2012) care in the Philippines.
a. defines "as a state of physical,
mental and social wellbeing in all
matters relating to the reproductive 7. Republic Act No. 8504 (Philippine
system, at all stages of life" (Galvez AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998)
Tan, et. Al., 2009). a. it is an act promulgates "policies
and prescribing measures for the
prevention and control of HIV/AIDS
2. Republic Act No. 9211 (Tobacco in the Philippines, instituting a
Regulation Act of 2003) nationwide HIV/AIDS information
a. protects people from the sale, use, and educational program,
and advertisements of hazardous establishing a comprehensive
tobacco products. The act also HIV/Aids monitoring system,
restricts the sale of tobacco strengthening the Philippine
products to minors. National AIDS Council, and for
other purposes" (PNAC).
3. Republic Act No. 9165
(Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of
2002)
8. Republic Act No. 7719 (National Blood
a. protect citizens from the harmful Services Act of 1994)
effects of dangerous drugs to their a. It aims to promote and encourage
physical and mental well-being voluntary blood donation by the
citizenry, provide for adequate, safe
and affordable and equitable
4. Republic Act No. 7394 (The Consumer distribution of blood and blood
Act of the Philippines) is the policy of the products.
state to protect the interests of the
consumer, promote his general welfare
and to establish standards of conduct for
9. Republic Act No. 8750 (Seat Belts Use
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Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
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Act of 1999)
a. aims to secure and safeguard
passengers and drivers of motor
vehicles from injuries and other
vehicular accidents.
10. Republic Act No. 10175 (Cybercrime
Prevention Act of 2012)
a. With the advancement of
technology, there are various
platforms where you may express
yourself. This diversity may do both
good and bad to you. "Cyber refers
to a computer or a computer
network, the electronic medium in
which online communication takes
place.”
11. Republic Act No. 9775
(Anti-Pornography Act of 2009)
a. defines the crime of child
pornography. Child Pornography
refers to any representation,
whether visual, audio, or written
combination thereof, by electronic,
mechanical, digital, optical,
magnetic or any other means, of
child engaged or involved in real or
simulated explicit sexual activities"
Official Gazette 2009
Department of Health (DOH)
● The Department of Health (DOH) is the
country's principal health agency. It is
responsible for ensuring access to basic
public health services through the provision
of quality healthcare and the regulation of
providers of health goods and services.
PILLARS OF FOUNDATION
Pillar 1: FREEDOM IN CHOICE
As stated in the Act, effective and quality
reproductive healthcare services, which are
ethically and medically safe, legal, accessible,
and affordable, shall be given primacy to ensure
the health of the mother and child
Pillar 2: RESPECT FOR LIFE
The Act recognizes that abortion is illegal and
punishable by law.
Pillar 3: BIRTH CONTROL
Reproductive healthcare, information, and
supplies shall be made available most especially
to poor beneficiaries.
Pillar 4: RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD
Couples determine their ideal family size. In
addition, the government shall equip each parent
with needed information in all aspects of family
life, reproductive health, and this pillar.
HIV/AIDS
Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study of
2013 (YAFS-4),
● a survey of Filipino college and high school
graduates, 36.2 percent and 43.5 percent
respectively admitted to having engaged in
premarital sex. 66.7 percent and 79.6
percent did not use any protection at first
premarital sex.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or
AIDS
● caused by human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) which usually does not have
symptoms in its early stages.
● "Initially, people with HIV were diagnosed as
having AIDS only when they developed
blood infections,
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MAPEH
Mr. Peter Daniel Bangug
All Topics | 2nd Quarter | S.Y.2022-2023

● the cancer known as Kaposi's sarcoma, or

any of the 21 other indicator diseases" GATEWAY DRUGS
(Donatelle, 2006).
1. Depressant Drugs
● HIV is highly infectious through:
○ unprotected sexual intercourse,
○ breastfeeding (of an infected mother ● Slow down a person's CNS (Brain, spinal
transfusion/injecting drugs cord, nerves)
○ (needles used for infected patients) ● Barbiturates, Alcohol
to infant), and blood transfusion
● Currently, there are several treatment
options for HIV and AIDS, but no known 2. Stimulant Drugs
cure yet. ● Speed up a person's CNS.
● The Republic Act No. 8504 or the ● amphetamine, caffeine (coffee), nicotine
Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act
of 1998 was passed by the Congress on
3. Narcotics Drugs
July 28, 1997. ● Relieve pain & induce sleepiness.
● The Act promulgates "policies and ● shabu, cocaine, marijuana
prescribing measures for the prevention and
control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines,
instituting a nationwide HIV/AIDS
4. Hallucinogen Drugs
information and educational program, ● drugs that distort reality
establishing comprehensive HIV/AIDS ● LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)
monitoring system, strengthening the ● Psilocybin
Philippine National AIDS Council, and for
other purposes" (PNAC). 5. Inhalant Drugs
● Found in ordinary household chemical
products & anesthetics.

HEALTH CONCERN
● A Health Concern is a health-related
matter that is of interest, importance or
worry to someone, who may be the patient,
patient's family, or patient's health care
provider.
● The "Health Concern" concept is often used
interchangeably with "Condition" or
"Issue.”

GATEWAY DRUGS
● Are legal drugs that a non-drug user may
try which can lead him/her to more
dangerous drugs such as marijuana.

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