UNIT 7 KEY TERMS AND PHRASES

Bataan Death March

Three months after the start of the Battle of Bataan, the Bataan Death March began, forcing
60,000-80,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war to march through the Philippines. The
route was about 65 miles long and stretched from the peninsula to the railhead inland. only 10
american and 2 filipinos survived.They were beaten,starved,and tortured.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, during World War II, American bombing raids on
the Japanese cities of Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (August 9, 1945) that marked
the first use of atomic weapons in war.
Navajo Code Talkers
Marine Corps leadership selected 29 Navajo men, the Navajo Code Talkers, who created a code
based on the complex, unwritten Navajo language. The code primarily used word association by
assigning a Navajo word to key phrases and military tactics.
Invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord)
Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that
launched the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II. The
operation was launched on 6 June 1944 with the Normandy landings.
Tuskegee Airmen
The Tuskegee Airmen were a group of primarily African American military pilots and airmen
who fought in World War II. They formed the 332d Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment
Group of the United States Army Air Forces.
Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that
produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the
United Kingdom and Canada.
World War II (1939-1945)
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global
conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all
of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the
Axis.Internment Camps (Japanese, German, and Italian Americans)
Ration Books
Every American was issued a series of ration books during the war. The ration books contained
removable stamps good for certain rationed items, like sugar, meat, cooking oil, and canned
goods. A person could not buy a rationed item without also giving the grocer the right ration
stamp.
Lieutenant Vernon Baker
Baker led two actions against the enemy, taking out machine gun nests and observation posts
and ultimately leading a battalion advance through enemy mine fields and heavy fire to secure
the occupied mountain objective. This action helped breech the Gothic line and drive German
forces out of northern Italy.
Victory Garden
Victory gardens were vegetable gardens planted during the world wars in order to ensure an
adequate food supply for civilians and troops.During World War I (1917-1918), the Food
Administration encouraged the American people to grow their own food in war gardens. The
gardens became known as victory gardens.
Totalitarian State
Totalitarianism is a form of government and a political system that prohibits all opposition
parties, outlaws individual and group opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an
extremely high if not complete degree of control and regulation over public and private life.
Trade Sanctions
trade sanctions are implemented to restrict trade activities with certain foreign targets, usually
as part of a wider sanctions program intended to achieve political or diplomatic goals.
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (12/7/1941)
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air
Service upon the United States against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of
Hawaii, just before 8:00 a.m. on Sunday, December 7, 1941.
Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War
II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some
six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish
population.
Atomic Weapons
On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped the
world's first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion
immediately killed an estimated 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of
radiation exposure.
Battle of Midway
The Battle of Midway was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that took
place on 4–7 June 1942, six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after
the Battle of the Coral Sea.
Concentration Camps
After mid-1943, some forced-labor camps for Jews and some Nazi ghettos were converted into
concentration camps. Other Jews entered the concentration camp system after being deported
to Auschwitz. Despite many deaths, as many as 200,000 Jews survived the war inside the camp
system.
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was an American military officer and statesman who served as
the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he served as
Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe and achieved the five-star
rank of General of the Army.
General Douglas MacArthur
Douglas MacArthur was an American military leader who served as General of the Army for the
United States, as well as a field marshal to the Philippine Army. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz
Flying Tigers
The First American Volunteer Group of the Republic of China Air Force, nicknamed the Flying
Tigers, was formed to help oppose the Japanese invasion of China. Operating in 1941–1942, it
was composed of pilots from the United States Army Air Corps, Navy, and Marine Corps, and
was commanded by Claire Lee Chennault.
Mobilization
The US mobilization effort focused on industry producing massive amounts of war goods
including arms, ammunition, ships, tanks, jeeps and airplanes and employed as many people as
possible including women to work in factories.
Island Hopping
Leapfrogging, also known as island hopping, was a military strategy employed by the Allies in
the Pacific War against the Empire of Japan during World War II. The key idea is to bypass
heavily fortified enemy islands instead of trying to capture every island in sequence en route to
a final target.
Blitzkrieg
Blitzkrieg is a term used to describe a method of offensive warfare designed to strike a swift,
focused blow at an enemy using mobile, maneuverable forces, including armored tanks and air
support. Such an attack ideally leads to a quick victory, limiting the loss of soldiers and artillery.
Appeasement
Instituted in the hope of avoiding war, appeasement was the name given to Britain's policy in
the 1930s of allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked. Most closely associated
with British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, it is now widely discredited as a policy of
weakness.
Executive Order 9066 (Korematsu)
Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214, was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the
United States to uphold the exclusion of Japanese Americans from the West Coast Military Area
during World War II
Volunteerism
Many were volunteers, but the majority,roughly 10 million,entered the military through the
draft. Most draftees were assigned to the army. The other services attracted enough volunteers
at first, but eventually their ranks also included draftees.