Science 9 3rd Quarter Module PDF

9
Science
Quarter 3
Earth and Space
DO_Q3_Science9_Module1-8
Science – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3: Earth and Space
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Published by the Department of Education
Development Team of the Module

Writers:
Florgela M. Masanque, Janice C. Cabrito, Ruby V. Villanueva, Rowena L.
Asis, Mary Jane G. Roncal, Dannalyn T. Emnil, Jeffrey S. Buendia, Jakki
Mae L. Pineda, Marivic B. Palisoc, and Jocelyn C. Villarta
Reviewers:
Florgela M. Masanque, Jeffrey S. Buendia and Sally R. Juanillas
Content Editors:
Anicia B. Rivera and Pamela Luz C. Labios
Language Editor:
Liza Vinda P. Unay, Sally R. Juanillas, Lilia H. Jaime
Layout Artist:
Pamela Luz C. Labios, Roselle Hutamariz, Raphael A. Lopez
Management Team:
Meliton P. Zurbano, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent (OIC-SDS)
Filmore R. Caballero, CID Chief
Jean A. Tropel, EPS LRMS
Dr. Maria Lea Q. Prondo, EPS Science
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Office Address: Pio Valenzuela St., Marulas, Valenzuela City

Telefax: (02) 292-3247
E-mail Address: sdovalenzuela@deped.gov.ph
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Volcano. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students.
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

• Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruption.
(S9ES-IIIa-6)
What I Know
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which type of volcano is commonly found in the Pacific Ring of Fire?
A. scoria cone C. stratovolcano
B. cinder cone D. shield volcano
2. Which of the following is the semi-molten rock underneath a volcano?
A. geyser B. lahar C. lava D. magma
3. Which of the countries below has the greatest number of active volcanoes?
A. India B. Indonesia C. Iran D. Italy
4. What type of volcano is Mt. Mayon?
A. dome volcano C. shield volcano
B. cinder volcano D. composite volcano
5. What type of volcano is the most violent one?
A. Hawaiian B. Plinian C. Strombolian D. Vulcanian
Lesson Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic

1 Eruptions
A volcano is an example of extrusive volcanism. It is typically a coned

shaped hill or mountain formed by the extrusion of lava or ejection of rock
fragments from a vent. It is a passage or rupture through the Earth’s crust leading
to hot liquid deposits of magma within the mantle. The term derived its name from
Vulcano, an island of Sicily named after the Roman God of fire, Vulcan.
1 (DO_Q3_SCIENCE_GRADE9_LESSON1)
What’s New
Part A.
Directions: Match the illustrations of volcanoes in Column A to its description with
Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet.
_________ 1.
A. steep upper and

relaxed lower slope
_________ 2.
B. conical volcano built

of ash and cinders.
C. a broad domed
_________ 3. volcano with gently sloping
sides
D. volcano that has not

erupted for the last 10,
000 years
_________ 4.
E. volcano that has

recorded eruption within
the last 600 years or that
erupted 10,000 years ago
_________ 5.
Part B.
Directions: Examine the pictures of erupting volcanoes below. Write a short
description on the boxes under each picture. Do it on separate sheet.
A B C
Picture A Picture B Picture C
What is It
Types of Volcanoes Based on Volcanic Cones
Shield/ Dome Composite / Strato

Type Cinder Volcanoes
Volcanoes Volcanoes
Tallest among the

Domed shaped low and Conical shape, very
Shape three types of
wide steep
volcanoes
Shield/ Dome Composite / Strato
Type Cinder Volcanoes
Volcanoes Volcanoes
Illustration
Combination of lava Volcanic ash which

Lava flows from vent, adds on to the size of
and volcanic ash,
spreading across the a volcano.
Materials making the
wide structure; and
combination very Nearby soil becomes
usually has side vents
sticky very gentle.
Mauna Loa in Hawaii Mt. Paricutin in

Mt. St. Helens and
Example Mexico, Smith
Mayon Volcano
Volcano in Cagayan
Types of Volcanoes Based on Record of Eruption

Active volcanoes are those that have a record of eruption within the last
600 years or those that erupted 10,000 years ago based on analyses of their
materials.
Inactive volcanoes on the other hand are those that have not erupted for
the last 10,000 years and their physical form is being changed by agents of
weathering and erosion through formation of deep and long gullies. However, these
volcanoes have potential to erupt. They are referred also as dormant or potentially
active. A volcano that has no magma supply or record of eruption is known as
extinct.
Types of Volcanic Eruptions
1. Phreatic or hydrothermal – a stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come

in contact with water. It is short-lived, characterized by ash columns but
may be an onset of a larger eruption. Shown below is our Taal Volcano in
Batangas.
2. Phreatomagmatic – a violent eruption due to the contact between water and
magma. As a result, a large column of very fine ash and high-speed and
sideway emission of pyroclastic called base surges are observed
3. Strombolian- a periodic weak to a violent eruption characterized by fountain
of lava
4. Vulcanian – characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km
high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra
5. Plinian – excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic like
Pinatubo Volcano in Zambales.
What’s More
1. In your own words, differentiate active from inactive volcano.

______________________________________________________________________________
2. Explain the relationship between the volcanic emission to its shape.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the difference between a phreatic eruption and a phreatomagmatic
eruption? ____________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Directions: Choose the correct word from the box below that matches the
given statement in each item. Do it on a separate sheet of paper.
Cinder Shield Vulcanian Plinian Composite Strombolian
____________1. A periodic weak to a violent eruption characterized by a fountain of
lava.
____________2. Excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastics
____________3. Characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20km high
with pyroclastic flow and ash fall tephra
____________4. Smallest and most common type of volcano.
____________5. Large nearly perfect sloped structure formed from solidification of
lava.
Assessment
_____ 1. Which of the following is a type of volcano?
A. vent B. caldera C. composite D. viscosity
_____ 2. Which volcano erupted in 1991 and ejected almost 20 million tons of
sulfur to the stratosphere?
A. Apo B. Mayon C. Bulusan D. Pinatubo
_____ 3. Which of the following is the most active volcano?
A. Apo B. Mayon C. Bulusan D. Pinatubo
_____ 4. Which type of volcanic eruption is due to the contact between water and
magma?
A. Plinian C. Strombolian
B. Vulcanian D. Phreatomagmatic
_____ 5. Which type of volcanic eruption forms steam as the hot rocks come in
contact with water?
A. Plinian C. Strombolian
B. Phreatic D. Phreatomagmatic
What I Need to Know
Magmas do not form everywhere beneath the surface of the Earth. This is
evident from looking at the world distribution of volcanoes. Thus, magmas must
require special circumstances in order to form.
It is therefore important for us to know how magma is form and what its
composition are in order to reduce the risks and effects it may cause.
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

• Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt. (S9ES-IIIb-27)
What I Know
1. What is the difference between the composition of lava and magma?
A. Magma and lava are gases
B. Lava is solid and magma is a gas
C. Magma is solid and lava is a liquid
D. Magma contains dissolved gases and lava does not
2. Which type of magma is most likely to erupt extravagantly from a shield
volcano?
A. Cool, less viscous
B. Hot, runny magma
C. Cool, viscous (sticky) magma
D. Magma that has already partly crystallized below ground
3. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Magma that crystallizes forms igneous rocks
B. Under high pressure, rocks melt at lower temperature
C. If water is present, rocks melt at higher temperatures than normal
D. When rocks melt, different minerals melt at the same temperature
4. How would you differentiate magma from lava based on location?
A. Magma and lava are found in the chamber.
B. Magma is found in the chamber while lava is found in the vents
C. Magma is located inside the chamber while lava is found at the slope.
D. Magma is found along the slope while lava is found inside the magma
5. What characteristics of magma determines its explosiveness?
A. Color C. Temperature
B. Amount D. Silica content
Lesson
Formation of Magma
2
What’s New
Part A.
Directions: Write 10 words which are related to the formation of magma. Do it on a
separate sheet of paper.
Part B.
Activity Viscosity Race
Objectives:
• Determine the viscosity of some liquids; and
• Describe the flow of gas in different liquids
Materials:
Teacher made –simulation video
Procedures:
1. Watch the simulation video provided by the teacher.
2. Answer the data table below and the guide questions.
Travel time (second)
Liquid
1st 2nd 3rd Average
Water
Cooking oil
mayonnaise
catsup
Guide Questions
1. Is your prediction correct? _________________________________________________
2. Which liquid is the most viscous? How do you know?
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. Which liquid is least viscous? ______________________________________________
What is It
Magma
Magma is a mixture of melted crystals, rocks and dissolved gases. It causes
volcanic eruptions. By melting different parts of the layers of the earth, basaltic,
rhyolitic and andesitic magma will be formed.
Factors that affect the Formation of Magma
1. Pressure
The high pressure deep inside the earth forces minerals to remain solid. When
hot rock rises to shallow depths, the pressure in the rock is released and the
minerals can melt.
2. Temperature
A rise in temperature cause the minerals in a rock to melt. Different melting
points can cause some minerals to melt while other minerals remain solid.
3. Water Content
When this combines with rock, the composition of rock changes which lowers
the melting point of the rock enough to melt it.
Types of Magma
Basaltic magmas (mafic) are formed by exceeding the melting point of the
mantle either by adding heat, changing its composition, or decreasing its pressure.
It has low silica, gas content and low viscosity.
It erupts at approximately 80 percent of volcanoes worldwide (the seafloor
worldwide is mostly basalt). Mt. Malinao is an example of basaltic magma.
Andesitic Magma (Intermediate) formed when oceanic crust is subducted
into mantle. It has medium silica, gas content and intermediate viscosity. It is
about 10 percent of the total magma, just like Mt. Pinatubo and Mt. Labo.
Rhyolitic Magma (granitic) formed when molten rock mixes with silica,
water rich continental crust and has high viscosity. It is also about 10 percent of
the total magma. Magmas erupted from Mt. Mayon and Mt. Bulusan are mostly
rhyolitic.
Viscosity of Magma
Viscosity is the property of the material’s resistance to flow. It is also
described as the liquid’s thickness and stickiness. The more viscous and thicker the
material is, the greater its resistance to flow. Thus, also decreases with temperature.
The higher the temperature of magma is, the lower is its viscosity. As lava
flows, it cools and begins to harden, its ability to flow decreases and eventually
stops.
Magma’s Silica Content to Viscosity
Magmas with high silica content are more viscous than those with low silica
content. When it contains less silica it is relatively fluid and travels far before
solidifying.
Amount of Gases Contained in Magma to Viscosity
Gas (mainly water vapor) dissolved in magma tends to increase its ability to
flow. Therefore, in near-surface environments, the loss of gases makes more viscous
a dome or a columnar.
What’s More
Directions: Write HV for HIGH VISCOSITY and LV for LOW VISCOSITY of

magma. Do it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Higher temperature: _____________________________________________________
2. Higher amount of dissolve gases: _________________________________________
3. Lower temperature: ______________________________________________________
4. Higher silica content: ____________________________________________________
5. Lower amount of dissolve gases: _________________________________________
What I Can Do
Directions: Mark an arrow up (↑) for high and arrow down (↓) for low viscosity
materials.
1. Vegetable oil - ____________
2. Peanut butter - ____________
3. Toothpaste - ____________
4. Hair gel - ____________
5. Soda (soft drinks) - ____________
Assessment
Directions: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and change the
underlined word if it is FALSE.
___________1. Viscosity is the measure of how well a liquid is able to flow.
___________2. The higher the silica content the more explosive the eruption is.
___________3. The lesser the dissolved gas content the less viscous the lava.
___________4. Viscosity depends on silica content, temperature of the lava relative
to the cooler temperature at which it solidifies and gas dissolved in
magma.
___________5. A magma filled with tiny gas bubbles marks a more violent volcanic
eruption.
What I Need to Know
Volcanic eruptions may have significant impacts on society and the

environment, showing us the worst face of the Earth’s power. On the other hand,
its role in making the Earth’s atmosphere, allowing life to develop on our planet,
and the important energy and mineral resources associated with volcanoes.

• Illustrate how energy from volcanoes may be tapped for human
use (S9ES – IIIc-d-29)
1.
2.
3. What I Know
4.
5.
1. Where does geothermal energy come from?
A. rivers C. heat from the Earth
B. from the wind D. ocean tides and wave
2. How do volcanoes help the Earth?
A. Earth keep hotspots
B. Earth retain heat as an energy source
C. Earth release internal heat and pressure
D. Earth maintain its external heat and pressure
3. Which of the following is NOT a benefit from an eruption?
A. fertile soil C. increased tourism
B. land destroyed D. geothermal energy
4. What does it mean when we say that geothermal energy is “sustainable”?
A. it will not be used up
B. there is a limited supply
C. it generates greenhouse gases
D. it can be used anywhere on Earth
5. Geothermal energy is a clean and renewable source of energy that can be
used by harnessing heated water from within the Earth and covering it with
steam so that it can move turbines and generate ______.
A. electricity B. ice C. potable water D. rain
Lesson
The Energy from the Volcanoes
3
The enormous volcanoes present in our country, according to the
Department of Energy, 14.4% of the country’s total power generation is produced
from geothermal energy. The production of electricity is cheaper than electricity
produced using natural gas, coal, and hydropower.
What’s New
Directions: Follow the given directions in each item to reveal the message.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Write the names of the animals to decode the message.
Geodogthermalcatenergylionisthethermaltigerenergygeneratedhorseandcowstoredin
thegoatearth.
2. Write all the colors that you see to reveal the hidden sentence.
ThegreenwordgeothermalbluehasaGreekredrootswithyellowgeomeaningorangeearth
andthermosvioletmeaningpinkhot.
3. Remove the names of the scientist to reveal the message.

MostAristotleGeothermalsourcesGalileoarefoundnewtoninplateptolemyboundariesco
pernicuswherevolcanoesfaradayaredaltonconcentrated.
4. Remove the names of the heroes in the Philippine history.

Wellsofuptoabonifaciomiledeeprizalormorearelunadrilledintoaguinaldounderground
reservoirsdelpilartotapintothemabinigeothermalresources.
5. Remove the names of cities in NCR to reveal the hidden sentence.

Theundergroundvalenzuelageothermalmalabonreservoirsofsteamcaloocanandmanil
aheatedwaternavotascanbeusedpasigforelectricitymakatigeneration
What is It
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is a type of renewable energy taken from the Earth’s core
utilizes the heat trapped beneath the Earth's surface to generate electricity. Its
areas are usually close to the boundaries of tectonic continental plates where
volcanoes are active. Conventional geothermal energy utilizes steam from natural
sources such as geysers, or by drawing water from the hot, high-pressure depths of
the Earth.
Geothermal Power Plants in the Philippines
Listed below are some of the volcanoes (mostly stratovolcano) in the
Philippines.
Volcano Province Geothermal Plant/ Station

Mt. Macalinao Albay ▪ Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant
Mt. Makiling Laguna ▪ Makiling-Banahaw (Mak-Ban)
Geothermal Power Plant
Pocdol Volcanic Range Sorsogon ▪ BacMan(Bacon – Manito) Geothermal
Production Field (Energy Development
Corporation)
Mount Apo Kidapawan, ▪ Mindanao 1 and 2 Geothermal Power
Cotabato Plant
Mount Talinis or Negros ▪ Palinpinon 1 and 2 Geothermal Power
Cuernos de Negros Oriental Plant
(Horns of Negros)
Mount Cabalian Leyte ▪ Malitbog Geothermal Power Station
Leyte Geothermal Production Field
Energy Development Corporation
Geothermal Power Plant

Power plants are built in an area where it is particularly hot just below the
surface such as near a group of geysers, hot springs, or volcanic activity. It does
not require the burning of any fossil fuels. The hot water or steam used is returned
to the ground after where it can be used again that makes it a renewable energy
source.
Three Types of Geothermal Power Plant

1.Dry Steam Power Plant-
Dry steam plants are the most common types of geothermal power plants. It
works by piping hot steam from underground geothermal reservoirs directly into
turbines, which powered the generators to provide electricity. The steam condenses
into water and is piped back into the earth via the injection well.
2.Flash Steam Power Plant
Flash steam plants differ from dry steam because it pumps hot water, rather
than steam, directly to the surface. It pumps hot water at a high pressure from
below the earth into a “flash tank” on the surface.
The flash tank is at a much lower temperature, causing the fluid to quickly
“flash” into steam. It produced powers for the turbines. The steam is cooled and
condenses into water, where it is pumped back into the ground through the
injection well.
3. Binary Cycle Power Plant

In binary cycle plant, the water or steam from below the earth never comes
in direct contact with the turbines. Instead, water from geothermal reservoirs is
pumped through a heat exchanger where it heats a second liquid—like isobutene
(which boils at a lower temperature than water.)
Isobutene is heated into steam, which powers the turbines that drives a
generator. The hot water from the earth is returned back through the injection well,
and the second liquid is recycled through the turbine and back into the heat
exchanger where it can be used again.
What’s More
Directions: Read the statements/descriptions from the box below. Write the
letter that describes each number in the given diagram.
A. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth to begin the process again.
B. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces
electricity.
C. Hot water is pumped from deep underground through a well under high
pressure.
D. The steam cools off in a cooling tower and condenses back to water.
E. When the water reaches the surface, the pressure is dropped, which causes
the water to turn into steam
What I Can Do
Directions: Write the type of geothermal power plant described in each statement.
(Note: Answer can be repeated more than once). Do it on a separate sheet.
________________1. The steam travels directly to the turbine which drives a
generator that produces electrical energy.
________________2. It uses geothermal fluid to heat a separate fluid with lower
boiling point than water.
________________3. The pressure keeps the water in its liquid state.
________________4. It uses hydrothermal fluids in the same form as it comes from
the ground.
________________5. The fluid is pumped from high pressure to a tank with lower
pressure.
Assessment
Directions: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if incorrect.
______ 1. Geothermal energy uses the heat trapped beneath the Earth's surface to
generate electricity.
______ 2. There is no risk in releasing hazardous substances during drilling.
______ 3. Geothermal plant is a clean source of energy.
______ 4. The United State of America has the largest geothermal power stations.
______ 5. The geothermal power plants can be built in extinct volcanoes.
What I Need to Know
Philippines is home to more than a hundred volcanoes; hence, energy has

been tapped from them. In the world’s production of geothermal energy, our
country ranks third. The production of electricity from geothermal energy is
cheaper than electricity production using natural gas, coal, and hydropower.

• Illustrate how energy from volcanoes may be tapped for human
use (S9ES – IIIc-d-29)
What I Know
1. What is the main advantage of building geothermal energy plants?
A. pollution C. nuclear fallout
B. global warming D. limitless supply
2. Which of the following is a potential environmental issue that can occur
when building a geothermal energy plant?
A. the burning of fossil fuels
B. water pollution from chemicals
C. toxic gases will come out when drilling
D. toxicity of marine wild life and habitats
3. What natural disaster can be caused by a geothermal power plant?
A. forest fire B. tornadoes C. hurricanes D. earthquakes
4. Geothermal energy is a clean and renewable source of energy that can be
used by harnessing heated water from within the Earth. Which of the
following is generated by steam as it moves turbines?
A. ice B. rain C. potable water D. electricity
5. What does Geothermal energy is used to spin the turbine?
A. wind C. water from rivers
B. sunlight D. heat from deep inside the earth
Lesson Advantages and Disadvantages of
4 Geothermal Power Plants
Geothermal energy is also utilized to directly heat individual and multiple
buildings with heating systems. Hot water near the earth's surface is piped into
buildings. This system provides heat for industrial applications such as food
dehydration (drying), gold mining, and milk pasteurizing.
What’s New
Directions: Complete the table by rearranging the letters to reveal the location
(country) of the plants and answer the guide questions. Do it on a separate sheet.
Geothermal Power Plant Capacity Location

1.Geysers Geothermal Complex 1.2 GW MERICAA
2.Mak-Ban Geothermal Complex 458 MW LIHPIPNEPIS
3.Salak Geothermal Plant 377 MW NISEODNAI
4.CalEnergy Generation's Salton Sea Geothermal 340 MW CARMEIA
Plants
5.Sarulla Geothermal Power Plant 330 MW NIADOSEIN
Guide Questions:
1. Which geothermal plant has the highest capacity in terms of power
generation? _______________________________________________________________
2. Which countries has 2 or more geothermal power plants?
___________________________________________________________________________
What is It
Direct and Indirect Advantages

1. Geothermal energy is renewable and not dependent on changing factors
such as the presence of wind or sun.
2. Using geothermal energy is relatively clean.
3. Geothermal power plants can last for about centuries.
4. The space it takes to build a geothermal facility is more compact and
adaptable than other power plants.
5. It can be used to heat, cool, or power individual homes, whole districts, or
industrial processes.
Disadvantages
1. The process of injecting high-pressure streams of water into the Earth can
result in minor seismic activity, or small earthquakes.
2. Geothermal plants have been linked to subsidence, or the slow sinking of
land.
3. Geothermal plants can release small amounts of greenhouse gases such as
hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide.
What’s More
Directions: Write a positive sign if it shows an advantage of geothermal energy

and a negative sign if disadvantage.
Positive (+) or Negative (-)

Limited accessibility
Possible pollution
Eco friendly
High reliability
Flexibility
Minimum land space
Cost effective
Financial constraint
What I Can Do
Directions: Draw a happy face on a separate sheet of paper if the statement is

correct and sad face if it is incorrect.
_____1. Geothermal energy comes in many forms which are all sustainable
_____2. Geothermal generators are very eco-friendly but take lots of money to
construct.
_____3. All the geothermal energy from the earth crust comes from radioactive
decay underground.
_____4. The heat created by molten rock and magma gets trapped underground and
we have to drill down to release it.
_____5. Geothermal energy is expensive and unreliable.
Assessment
1. What country has the largest geothermal power plant?
A. America C. Philippines
B. Indonesia D. Papua New Guinea
2. Which of the following is one of the advantages of geothermal energy?
A. Geothermal energy only works on windy days.
B. Geothermal can operate for many years as long it is well-maintained.
C. Geothermal does not work if there are no rivers or moving water
nearby.
D. Geothermal energy doesn't work everywhere since you need a volcano
nearby.
3. What does Geothermal energy use to spin the turbine?
A. Wind C. sunlight
B. water from rivers D. heat from deep inside the earth
4. Hot water is pumped up from deep inside the Earth which is used to heat
homes and generate electricity. What type of energy is being used?
A. Biofuels C. geothermal energy
B. hydroelectric energy D. fossil fuels
5. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using geothermal energy to
generate electricity?
A. renewable C. surface instability
B. massive potential D. environment friendly
What I Need to Know
Have you ever wondered why Baguio has colder temperature compared to
any other places in the Philippines? This is because of its altitude and topography.
Our country is in the tropical zone which is close to the equator. Thus, it receives
direct rays from the sun. In general, the climate in our country is relatively warm
due to its proximity to the equator.

• Describe certain climatic phenomena that occur on a global level
(S9ES-IIIe-30).
What I Know
1. Which of the following best describes climate?

A. The weather that occurs in the atmosphere within a day.
B. The pattern of weather that occurs in a region over a long period of
time.
C. The pattern of weather that occurs in a region over a short period of
time.
D. The disturbance in the atmosphere that happens in a long period of
time.
2. What happens to the temperature of air when altitude increases?
A. varies C. decrease
B. increases D. remains the same
3. Why are the coldest places on earth found at the poles?
A. Less amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas.
B. Less amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface.
C. Great amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas.
D. Great amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface.
4. How does the windward side differ from the leeward side of a high land?
A. The windward receives more precipitation than the leeward.
B. The windward side receives more heat than the leeward side.
C. The leeward side has more vegetation than the windward side.
D. The leeward side receives more precipitation than the windward side.
5. Why do mountain climbers bring thick jackets when they go up the
mountain?
A. The temperature increases as the altitude increases.
B. The temperature decreases as the altitude increases.
C. The temperature decreases as the altitude decreases.
D. The temperature remains the same as the altitude increases.
Lesson
Climate
5
What’s New
Activity: When the Sun’s Rays Strike

Objective:
This activity will enable you to explain how latitude affects climate.
Directions: Study the illustration below and answer the following guide questions.
Guide Questions:
1. Which part of the Earth receives most of the sun’s rays?

_____________________
2. Why does the amount of heat received by places far from the equator become
less? ______________________________________________________________________
3. Why are the coldest places on Earth found near the poles?
___________________
4. Why are places with high temperatures found at the equator? ______________
5. How does latitude affect climate?
___________________________________________
What is It
Factors Affecting Climate

1. Latitude
Latitude is the angular distance of a place north or south of the Earth’s
equator, usually expressed in degrees. It ranges from 0o at the equator and 90o at
the poles. Areas at the equator or 0o latitude receive sun’s rays directly, so these
areas near the equator have warm climate such us our country which is the
Philippines.
2. Altitude (Elevation)
Altitude is the distance above sea level. Altitude affects temperature and
pressure in such a way that as altitude increases, the corresponding temperature
of air decreases. This is because air in higher area is less dense, therefore it cannot
hold as much heat. Thus, we can say that as altitude increases, temperature
decreases.
3. Proximity to Water
Surrounding bodies of water can affect the climate of a place or region. Keep
in mind that soil absorbs and releases heat faster than water. Hence, places that
are near the oceans have moderate climate as the body of water regulates the
temperature. In contrast, places that are far from the bodies of water have extreme
climates as there are no immediate bodies of water that will help to circulate the
movement of cold and warm air.
4. Topography
Another factor that affects the climate of a certain area is topography. It
refers to the forms and features of land surfaces, for instance a mountain.
Mountains
Mountainous areas greatly affect the amount of precipitation in a certain
region. The area in which the wind blows is called the windward side. Here, the
wind is blocked by the mountain, forcing it to move upward.
As it moves up, the water vapor condenses and forms clouds. This will result
in precipitation on the windward side. The air moves down towards the opposite
region called leeward side.
The cold air mass starts to absorb heat and becomes warm and dry. As a
result, the area near the leeward side becomes dry and has less precipitation. The
dry region on the leeward side is called rain shadow. Vegetation is this region
includes desert plants and grassland.
The windward side of a mountain The leeward side of a mountain
• The windward side of a mountain • The leeward side faces away from the
faces the prevailing wind. prevailing wind.
• As air passes across the windward • On the leeward side of the mountain,
side of the mountain, most of the the climate is warmer and drier, as the
moisture is drawn out of it. This is air move down the opposite side of the
because the air cools as it rises the mountain, it loses its moisture and
slope of the mountain and condenses, warms up.
leading to clouds and rain. • It calls rain shadow effect.
Ocean currents indeed have an important role in changing the climate of a

certain area. They affect the temperature of the nearby landmass. Warm currents
that move from the equator towards the poles carry warm water. On the other
hand, cold currents that travel from the poles toward the equator carry cold water.
What’s More
Activity: Which Should I Choose, Windward or Leeward?

Directions: Study the illustration below and answer the guide questions.
Guide Questions:
1. Which side of the mountain experiences low temperature?
___________________
2. Which side of the mountain experiences high temperature?
__________________
3. What happens when air becomes warmer and colder as it moves the leeward
side?
______________________________________________________________________
4. What dry region forms at the back of the mountain?
_________________________
5. How does topography affect climate? _______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Directions: Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What is the difference between climate and weather?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Pick one of the factors that affect the climate. Explain it in your own words.
___________________________________________________________________________
Assessment
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided before
each number.
A. Coriolis Effect D. Cold G. Thermohaline circulation
B. Counterclockwise E. Hot
C. Clockwise F. Wind-drive
_______1. It is the phenomenon created by the rotation of the earth that causes
rotation in a clockwise direction in Northern Hemisphere and
counterclockwise in Southern Hemisphere.
_______2. In the southern hemisphere, the current flows in ____ direction.
_______3. In the northern hemisphere, the current flows in a _________direction.
_______4. It is circulation which forced by wind stress on the sea surface including
momentum exchanges.
_______5. It is an “overturning” circulation in which warm water flows poleward
near the surface and is subsequently converted into cold water that sinks
and flows equatorward in the interior.
What I Need to Know
One of the major causes of climate change is the increased levels of

atmospheric carbon dioxide that leads in the increase of earth’s temperature. This
module consists of a set of activities which can help you understand the concept of
greenhouse effect, global warming, climate change – its sources and possible effects
and other climatic phenomena like El Niño and La Niña.

• Describe certain climatic phenomena that occur on a global level.
(S9ES-IIIf-31)
What I Know
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer.

A. greenhouse C. greenhouse gases E. atmosphere
B. global warming D. greenhouse effect F. lithosphere
_______1. It refers to the gradual rise in the earth’s temperature because of human
activities.
_______2. A glass building used to grow plants. It keeps the plants warm and
protects them from bad weather.
_______3. When too many greenhouse gases are released into the air, they trap the
sun’s heat and cause the earth to get warmer.
_______4. It is a layer of air and other gases that surrounds the earth.
_______5. Gases build up in the air around the earth, which causes the earth’s
temperature to rise.
Lesson
Climatic Phenomena
6
What’s New
Part A.
Directions: Study the two pictures below and answer the guide questions.
Guide Questions:
1. What does it say about our climate today?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What do you think are the cause/s of these changes?
_____________________________________________________________________
Part B. Climatic Phenomena
Direction: Supply the missing letters to determine the climatic phenomena
describe by the following statements.
Climatic Phenomena Description

1. It is a long-term shift in global or regional
CL_M_T_ CH_NG_
climate patterns.
2. A gradual increase in the overall
temperature of the earth's atmosphere
GLO_AL WA_MI_G
generally attributed to the greenhouse
effect.
3. A climate pattern that describes the
EL N_N_ unusual warming of surface waters in the
eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
4. It is defined as cooler than normal sea-
LA N_N_ surface temperatures in the central and
eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
5. A process that occurs when gases in
GR__NHO__E _FFE_T
Earth’s atmosphere trap the Sun’s heat.
What is It
Climate Change
The greenhouse effect is a natural process, and it warms the Earth. Solar
radiation warms the Earth as its energy is absorbed by the atmosphere. In the
atmosphere, there are greenhouse gases present. These include water vapor,
carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Greenhouse gases prevent heat from
escaping the earth thus making earth’s temperature higher. The more greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere mean the equilibrium temperature will be higher as these
gases absorb more heat. This will result in the increase of global temperature. Less
greenhouse gases will mean lower temperature.
Global warming is the increase in temperature around the globe. This leads
to a warmer Earth which lead to a great change in the weather, climate including
hotter summers. This may seem like a good idea, but a rise of a few degrees in
temperature could change the conditions on Earth which are at present just right
for life.
El Niño is an abnormal and lengthy warming in the eastern part of the

Pacific Ocean. This natural phenomenon occurs at irregular intervals of two to
seven years and last for nine months or two years at most which will mostly likely
bring severe drought, stronger thunderstorm and massive storms that causes the
decrease in the population of some species.
La Niña is the opposite climatic disturbance of El Niño. It may last for nine
to twelve months but in some cases until two years.
Areas that experienced severe drought caused by El Niño may encounter
above normal rainfall. But in some cases, these experience drier season than
normal dry conditions.
What’s More
Activity: CO2 is the reason!

Objective:
Interpret the relationship of carbon dioxide and earth’s temperature.
Materials:
graph of CO2 and global temperature ballpen
Directions: Study the graph below and answer the guide questions.
Figure 1 Global Average Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations (1880-2006)
Guide Questions:
1. Which shows the highest global average temperature in the data presented?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What happened to the amount of carbon dioxide from 1880 to 2010?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide and global
temperature? _____________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Directions: Copy the table below and rate yourself by checking on how often
you do the following activities then answer the guide question.
Activity Never Sometimes Always

1. I eat a mixture of meat and vegetarian meals.
2. I turn off appliance when not in use.
3. I use reusable bags when buying things from
the market.
4. I just walk if the place I want to go is near.
5. I use a basin in washing our dishes.
Guide Question:
Which of the activities mentioned above do you always do? How can you
improve on some activities which you just sometimes or never did?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Assessment

1. Which of the following shows the effects of climate change?
A. Deforestation C. Siltation of bodies of water
B. Rising of sea level D. Coastal erosion of some places
2. What will happen if there is too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
A. Climate changes C. Water vapor condenses
B. Temperature increase D. Greenhouse effect occurs
3. Which form of energy is absorbed by the atmosphere and caused an increase
of temperature?
A. Infrared B. Ultraviolet C. Visible Light D. Radio waves
4. Which of the following is the best practice to reduce the effects of climate
change?
A. Organic farming C. Burning fossil fuel
B. Livestock raising D. Car manufacturing
5. Which of the following describe the effect of El Nino?
A. It brings heavy rainfall
B. It brings severe drought
C. It brings too much water vapor
D. It brings lengthy cooling of the ocean
What I Need to Know
Stars are the most commonly familiar astronomical objects and denote the
most essential building blocks of galaxies.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
• Show which constellations may be observed at different times of
the year using models (S9ES-IIIj-35)
What I Know

1. What group of stars can be found in large groups throughout the universe?
A. comets B. asteroids C. constellations D. solar system
2. Which constellation is prominently seen in the sky during summer?
A. Virgo B. Orion C. Pegasus D. Hercules
3. If you are located at the North Pole, where will you see the Polaris?
A. overhead
B. just above the horizon
C. around 45° from the horizon
D. Polaris will not be seen in the North Pole
4. How many constellations do the International Astronomical Union currently
recognize?
A. 22 B. 44 C. 68 D. 88
5. The following constellation can be seen in the Northern Hemisphere except
__________.
A. Crux B. Cassiopeia C. Ursa Major D. Ursa Minor
Lesson
Stars and Constellations
7
Stars are giant, bright spheres of plasma and there are billions of them. Our
own sun, which is one of them, is the closest to Earth. They played an important
role in religion and navigation. Astronomy, the study of the heavenly bodies, may
be the most ancient of the sciences. The invention of the telescope and the
discovery of the laws of motion and gravity in the 17th century prompted the
realization that stars were just like the sun, all obeying the same laws of physics.
What’s New
Activity: Apparent Movement of the Stars through the Night

Objective:
Describe the apparent motion of stars at night.
Procedures:
1. Download a sky map app into your phone or watch a simulation video.
2. Draw your observation in the table below. (You may also use additional
white bond paper for your observations)
Constellation Observed: __________________
7:00 pm 8:00 pm 9:00 pm 10:00 pm 11:00 pm
Guide Questions:
1. Compare the position of the stars in the sky between 8 – 9 PM. What do you
notice?
____________________________________________________________________
2. How do the stars move? Describe the movement of the stars from 8 – 9PM.
___________________________________________________________________________
What is It
Characteristics of Stars
1. Brightness
The brightness of a star as seen from the Earth depends on two factors-
distance and its actual brightness (or absolute brightness). The apparent
brightness depends on how far away a star is from the Earth or as seen from
Earth. Examples are Sirius and Rigel. While absolute brightness would be the
brightness if all stars were the same standard distance from Earth.
2. Color
The color of the stars depends on the surface temperature. The cooler stars
seem to be reddish because it radiates energy in the red to infrared region of
spectrum. The hotter stars seem to be bluish to white because it emits energy in
the blue to ultraviolet wavelengths.
3. Surface Temperature
The temperature of a star's photosphere can also be assumed from its color.
Cool stars emit redder and orange light than blue and violet light. Hot stars emit
more blue and violet light than red and orange light.
4. Size
The size of stars is based in terms of the radius of the sun also called solar
radius. As the mass of the star increases, its size will also increase, affecting the
color, star’s luminosity, and rate of fusion of hydrogen to form helium.
Stars can be classified as dwarf, giant, or super giant.
5. Composition
Stars are composed of hydrogen (60-80%), helium (16-36%), and traces (4%)
of oxygen, neon, carbon, and nitrogen. The hydrogen atoms undergo nuclear fusion
to form the helium which fuels the star.
Constellation
Stars form an identifiable pattern in the sky.
The constellations should be distinguished from asterisms. Asterisms are
forms or shapes of stars that are not related to the known constellations.
Constellations in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere
• Corona Borealis (Northern Crown) • Apus (the Bird of Paradise)
• Draco (Dragon) • Chamaeleon
• Leo • Dorado (the Dolphinfish)
• Lynx • Grus (the Crane)
• Ursa Major (the Great Bear) • Hydrus (the Water Snake)
• Ursa Minor (the Little Bear) • Indus (the Indian)
• Andromeda (the Chained Maiden) • Musca (the Fly)
• Cassiopeia (the Queen) • Pavo (the Peacock)
• Cepheus (the King) • Phoenix (the Firebird)
• Pegasus (the Winged Horse) • Tucana (the Toucan)
What’s More
Directions: Find the hidden word in the bold rectangles by filling the answers
of the clues in the puzzle.
1. Y S
2. O
3. L T
4. A G
5. U S
THE CLUES:
1. It is a prominent constellation in the northern sky. Its name means “the
swan” in Latin.
2. This constellation is known as “The Hunter”. It contains two of the ten
brightest stars in the sky – Rigel and Betelgeuse
3. It is a kind of Earth’s motion responsible for the appearance of different
constellations throughout the Year.
4. It the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies
interpreted as having an influence on human affairs and the natural world.
5. This constellation is also known as "The bull”.
What I Can Do
Directions: Write the correct answer.

1. The sun (revolves, rotates) on its own axis.
2. One year is equivalent to one complete (rotation, revolution) of the sun
around the sun.
3. The Polaris is the brightest star in constellation (Ursa Major, Ursa Minor).
4. The Big Dipper is (a constellation, an asterism).
5. The constellation Pisces changes position during a night because of the
(rotation of the Earth on its own axis, rotation of Pisces on its own
axis).
Assessment
1. All the following constellations are seen in the Northern Hemisphere,
EXCEPT
A. Draco B. Cygnus C. Centaurus D. Ursa Minor
2. How many constellations does the International Astronomical Union
presently recognizes?
A. 36 B. 88 C. 98 D. 128
3. Which constellation is the North Star or the Polaris a part of?
A. Libra B. Mensa C. Canis Major D. Ursa Minor
4. The Big dipper is an asterism of which constellation?
A. Crux B. Orion C. Cassiopeia D. Ursa Major
5. In which constellation is Rigel found?
A. Orion B. Aquila C. Sculptor D. Triangulum
What I Need to Know
Are you interested to know which constellations can be seen tonight or three
months from now? You can answer this question by observing the night sky and
keeping observation logs. The positions of the constellations throughout the year
changes. This is due to the earth’s tilt in its axis and our planet’s revolution around
the sun.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
• Show which constellations may be observed at different times of
the year using models (S9ES-IIIj-35)
What I Know
Directions: Fill in the K-W-H-L Chart below to assess your prior knowledge and
understanding of the topic, Star Patterns Throughout the Year.
K W H L
How can I found
What do I want
What do I know? out what I want What did I learn?
to find out?
to learn?
Lesson
Star Patterns Throughout the Year
8
What’s New
Activity: Star Chart

Directions: Plot the given set of coordinates in the graph and connect the
points to form the constellation.
Ordered Pairs:
Virgo Leo
(-20,5) (-19,3) (-8,-4)(-7,-6)
(-20,1)(-18,-2) (-6,-9)(-6,-5)
(-16,0) (-16,3) (-5,-8) (-5,-7)
(-18,6) (-14,-3) (-4,-7)(-2,-8)
(-13,-1)(-11,0) (-2,-9)
(-13,-5)(-10,-6)
Boötes Ursa Minor
(-2,8)(-3,6) (9,0)(9,1)
(-4,9)(-6,7)(-7,8) (8,2)(7,3)
(-9,6)(-10,4) (8,4)(6,5)(5,4)
Andromeda Cassiopeia
(13,-8) 11,-4)(13,-4)
(14,-10) (14,-2)
(16,-7) (16,-3)(16,-1)
(17,-9)(18,-6)
(19,-7)(20,-5)
What is It
The Earth’s revolution around the sun also affects how we see the
constellation. Throughout the year, we see different views of the constellations.
Example is how the Ursa Major (Big Dipper) changes it position throughout the
year. An observer from Earth will be able to see the stars that are on the night side.
The stars on the same side as the sun cannot be seen because sunlight overpowers
all the star lights. During summer in the Philippines, the constellations of Orion
and Taurus are not visible at night. They will be visible again as the cold season
begins. During this time, Scorpius will not be seen in the night sky. As the Earth
revolves around its orbit, the stars that were concealed by the bright light of the
Sun in the previous months will appear in the night sky.
In the Philippines, different ethnic group has different name for a certain
constellation.
The table below shows how the Matigsalug Manobo of Bukidnon used the
stars and constellations in relation to their agriculture.
Table 2. Stars and Constellations Used by Matigsalug Manobo of

Bukidnon
Western
Local Name Month of Apperance Agricultural Activity
Equivalent
Baha December to February Clearing of forest Taurus
Pandarawa January Start of planning for Pleiades (star
planting crops cluster)
Balatik February Start of planting and Orion
setting of traps to protect
the crops from animals
Gibbang April and May End of planting seasons; Gemini
signifies rich harvest
Malara May Stop planting Canis Minor
Lepu Late May Clearing of fields while Aquila
waiting for harvest
What’s More
Directions: List 5 constellations we can see in the night sky in Manila (refer to the
photos in the next pages). Do it on a separate sheet of paper.
March September
What I Can Do
Directions: Fill in the missing word. Do it on a separate sheet of paper

1. Balatik is the local counterpart of the constellation _____________ for
Manobo.
2. The scientific study of celestial bodies and universe is called _____________.
3. For the Sama, a group of fishermen in ___________, Big Dipper is known as
Bubu.
4. For Manobos, when the ___________ appeared in the sky, it’s time to clear the
forest.
5. Most of the names of the constellation were after the characters in ________
mythology.
Assessment
1. Which of the following statement is correct about the temperature of the
star?
A. Red stars are hotter than blue stars
B. Blue stars are colder than red stars
C. The lowest temperature of stars is 5000 0C
D. Size and temperature of a star affect its brightness
2. The _______ is the most helpful star to travelers.
A. Rigel B. Merak C. Polaris D. Albiero
3. What are these star patterns NOT officially recognized by IAU?
A. Asterisms B. comets C. galaxies D. satellites
4. As the earth rotates on its axis, the constellations and stars in them appear
to _________.
A. rotates C. stand still in the sky
B. moves across the sky D. move around each other
5. Constellations may be only visible during certain seasons due to the Earth’s
orbit around the____.
A. sun B. Mars C. Earth D. Neptune
References
Aquino, Marites, Madriaga Estrelita, Valdoz Meliza, and Biong Jonna. 2017.
Science Links 9. 9th ed. Manila: Rex Bookstore.
Aquino, Marites D., Estrelita A. Madriaga, Meliza P. Valdaz, Jonna A. Biong, and Gil
Nonato C. Santos. Science Links Worktext for Scientific and Technological
Literacy. 2017th ed. Manila: Rex Bookstore, 2017.
Ball, Jessica. n.d. “Types of Volcanic Eruptions.” Geology. Geology.com. Accessed

November 23, 2020. https://geology.com/volcanoes/types-of-volcanic-eruptions/.
Casal, Chang. “5 Unique Things Filipinos Believed about the Sun, Moon, and
Stars.” Cnn. Nine Media Corp., January 23, 2019.
https://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/2019/01/22/Filipinos-astronomy-
beliefs.html.
Darkwah, W., Odum, B., Addae, M., & Koomson, D. (2018, February). (PDF)
Greenhouse Effect: Greenhouse Gases and Their Impact on Global Warming.
Retrieved November 10, 2020, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323223192_Greenhouse_Effect_Greenh
ouse_Gases_and_Their_Impact_on_Global_Warming
Decker, B. B. and Decker, . Robert W.. "volcano." Encyclopedia Britannica, Invalid

Date. https://www.britannica.com/science/volcano.
“Department of Education Bureau of Learning Resources (2014) Science 9

Learner's Material. PDF [Online].” 2014. Department of Education.
Religioso, Teresita F., Genevieve Darvin Faraon, Lilia G. Vengco, and Delia Cordero
Navaza. You and The Natural World Science: The New Grade 9. Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House, Incorporated, 2014.
Stewart, Meg. Effect of a Rain Shadow. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, April 11, 2013.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Rain_shadow_eff
ect.jpg/370px-Rain_shadow_effect.jpg.
“Volcano Preparedness - Philippine Institute of Volcanology ...” Philippine

Volcanology and Seismology. DOST. Accessed November 3, 2020.
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcano-
preparedness.
Photo credits
Espino Follow Teacher, Rachel. 2017. “Patterns in the Sky: Constellation.”
SlideShare. Scribd. January 17, 2017.
https://www.slideshare.net/espinorachel/patterns-in-the-sky-constellation.
n.a. n.d. Dry Steam Engine. How Geothermal Energy Works. SaveOnEnergy.com.
Accessed November 20, 2020.
https://www.saveonenergy.com/assets/default/outreach/how-geothermal-energy-
works/Dry-Steam.gif.
36
n.a. n.d. Flash Steam Power Plant. How Geothermal Energy Works.
SaveOnEnergy.com. Accessed November 20, 2020.
works/Flash.gif
n.a. n.d. Binary Cycle Power Plant. How Geothermal Energy Works.
SaveOnEnergy.com. Accessed November 20, 2020.
works/Binary.gif
Taylor, Mrs. 2017. Science News. Weebly.

https://taylorsciencegeeks.weebly.com/uploads/5/9/2/0/59201005/449811051.
png.
N. (2016, February 4).

Https://d32ogoqmya1dw8.cloudfront.net/images/eslabs/carbon/global_average_te
mperature_carbon.jpg [Digital image]. Retrieved November 23, 2020, from
https://d32ogoqmya1dw8.cloudfront.net/images/eslabs/carbon/global_average_te
mperature_carbon.jpg
Stewart, Meg. 2013. Effect of a Rain Shadow. Wikipedia. Wikipedia.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Rain_shadow_eff
ect.jpg/370px-Rain_shadow_effect.jpg.
37
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – SDO Valenzuela
Office Address: Pio Valenzuela Street, Marulas, Valenzuela City
Telefax: (02) 8292-4340
Email Address: sdovalenzuela@deped.gov.ph

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – National Capital Region – SDO VALENZUELA

Office Address: Pio Valenzuela St., Marulas, Valenzuela City

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

Lesson Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic

A volcano is an example of extrusive volcanism. It is typically a coned

A. steep upper and

B. conical volcano built

D. volcano that has not

E. volcano that has

Picture A Picture B Picture C

Types of Volcanoes Based on Volcanic Cones

Shield/ Dome Composite / Strato

Tallest among the

Combination of lava Volcanic ash which

Mauna Loa in Hawaii Mt. Paricutin in

Types of Volcanoes Based on Record of Eruption

1. Phreatic or hydrothermal – a stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come

1. In your own words, differentiate active from inactive volcano.

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

Directions: Write HV for HIGH VISCOSITY and LV for LOW VISCOSITY of

Volcanic eruptions may have significant impacts on society and the

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

3. Remove the names of the scientist to reveal the message.

4. Remove the names of the heroes in the Philippine history.

5. Remove the names of cities in NCR to reveal the hidden sentence.

Volcano Province Geothermal Plant/ Station

Geothermal Power Plant

Three Types of Geothermal Power Plant

3. Binary Cycle Power Plant

What I Need to Know

Philippines is home to more than a hundred volcanoes; hence, energy has

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

Geothermal Power Plant Capacity Location

Direct and Indirect Advantages

Directions: Write a positive sign if it shows an advantage of geothermal energy

Positive (+) or Negative (-)

Directions: Draw a happy face on a separate sheet of paper if the statement is

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. Which of the following best describes climate?

Activity: When the Sun’s Rays Strike

1. Which part of the Earth receives most of the sun’s rays?

Factors Affecting Climate

Ocean currents indeed have an important role in changing the climate of a

Activity: Which Should I Choose, Windward or Leeward?

Directions: Answer the following questions briefly.

One of the major causes of climate change is the increased levels of

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer.

Climatic Phenomena Description

El Niño is an abnormal and lengthy warming in the eastern part of the

Activity: CO2 is the reason!

Figure 1 Global Average Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations (1880-2006)

Activity Never Sometimes Always

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer.

What I Need to Know

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer.

Activity: Apparent Movement of the Stars through the Night