9

Science
Quarter 3 – Module 1
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOES
AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
(WEEK 1)

SOURCE: https://www.freepik.com/
 9

Science
Quarter 3 – Module 1
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOES
AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
(WEEK 1)
Quarter 3 – Module 1: DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOES AND VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
Second Edition, Revised 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalty.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education – Cebu City Division
Schools Division Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, EdD

Development Team of the Module

Writer:
Ian Daryl D. Tirol, Teacher III, PASIL NIGHT HIGH SCHOOL

Content Editors:
Neil Adrian A. Angtud, School Head, Sinsin National High School
Florenda G. Yap DevEdD, Master Teacher II - Assistant Principal,
Apas National High School
Arnolfa A. Demilletes, Principal I, Sirao Integrated School
Dr. Deogenes Adoptante, Principal I, OPRRA National High School

Language Editor: Mrs. Wilma Y. Villaflor, Principal III, Don Vicente Rama Mem. E.S.

Management Team: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent

Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Assist. Schools Division Superintendent
Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief
Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS-SCIENCE
Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS-LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Division of Cebu City

Office Address: Imus Avenue, Cebu City
Telephone Nos.: (032) 255-1516 / (032) 253-9095
E-mail Address: cebu.city@deped.gov.ph
 Module
CLASSIFICATION OF
1 VOLCANOES
What I Need to Know
Hello students! Your knowledge about learning science is continuously
growing. In fact, in the previous grading you were introduced to ionic and covalent
bonds, general classes and uses of organic compounds, and the mole concept. You
have learned a lot so far! Studying this module will certainly increase your
understanding about the earth and space.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions.

In this module, you are expected to learn the following:

• Identify the different types of volcanoes
• Understand the various kinds of volcanic eruptions
• Know the factors that affect the shape of the cone of the volcanoes
• Construct their own volcano model
• Observe how eruption happens through a simulation

What I Know

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read each question carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on
a separate paper.

1. Which of the following is an active volcano in the Philippines?

A. Apo in Davao C. Isarog in Camarines Sur
B. Bagacay in Camarines Norte D. Taal Volcano in Batangas
2. Why does a thick layer of volcanic ash can be heavy enough to collapse the
roofs of buildings? It is because ash ________.
A. is solid
B. cannot be blown by winds
C. becomes heavier as it cools
D. consists of tiny fragments of rocks that becomes heavy as they pile up
3. Which of the following factors associated with huge volcanic eruptions may
cause the decrease in the Earth’s average temperature for a few years?
A. heat C. acid rain
B. light D. volcanic ash
4. Which of the following characteristics of a volcano depends on its magma
emission?
A. age B. location C. size D. shape

1
 5. Which characteristic of magma mainly determines its explosiveness?
A. amount B. color C. temperature D. silica content
6. Aside from Mayon Volcano, what other Philippine volcano that has erupted
recently?
A. Bulusan B. Canlaon C. Pinatubo D. Taal
7. What causes a shield volcano to be shaped like a broad dome? It is formed
from ______________.
A. the emission of lava
B. ejected lava fragments
C. molten magma which has high silica content
D. alternate solidification of lava and pyroclastic deposits

8. Which of the following describes a Plinian volcanic eruption?

A. a periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by lava fountain
B. stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water
C. excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic materials
D. characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with
pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra

9. Which property of a material refers to the material’s resistance to flow?

A. heat B. pressure C. temperature D. viscosity
10. Which is NOT an external part of a volcano?
A. base B. crater C. slope D. summit
11. Which of the following describe a Strombolian volcanic eruption?
I. has tall eruption columns III. characterized by fountain lava
II. it is a stream-driven eruption IV. periodic weak to violent eruption

A. I & II B. III & IV C. I & III D. II & IV

12. How does a cinder cone volcano form? By the accumulation of the ________
A. emission of lava
B. ejected lava fragments
C. molten magma which has high silica content
D. alternate solidification of lava and pyroclastic deposits

13. How many craters does Taal Volcano have?

A. 47 B. 48 C. 49 D. 50
For numbers 14 & 15. A lava flows out from the crater and has less silica content.
14. What is the viscosity of the lava?
A. high viscosity C. no viscosity
B. average viscosity D. low viscosity
15. What if the lava that flows out from the crater has high silica content, what would
be the viscosity of the lava?
A. high viscosity C. no viscosity
B. average viscosity D. low viscosity

2
 Lesson
VOLCANIC LANDFORMS
1

What’s In
In Grade 8, you have learned about the relationship between the occurrence of
earthquakes and the location of the Philippines along the Ring of Fire. Due to its
location, the Philippines is a home to many volcanoes. This module will guide you
through the study of volcanism in the Philippines.
There are several ways by which volcanoes can be classified. Philippine
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) have adapted a system where
the Philippine volcanoes as active or inactive. Active volcanoes are those that have a
record of eruption within the last 600 years or those that erupted 10, 000 years ago
based on analyses of their materials. Inactive volcanoes, on the other hand, are those
that have not erupted for the last 10, 000 years and their physical form is being
changed by agents of weathering and erosion through formation of deep and long
gullies. According to PHIVOLCS, our country has more than a hundred volcanoes as
of 2013. Twenty-three are active while the rest are inactive.

What’s New
DIRECTIONS: Look at the picture below. Scrabble the letters in each item to get the
correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. TIMMUS
2. POLES

3. SABE

Fig. 1. PARTS OF A VOLCANO Source:https://pixabay.com

3
 What is It
Volcanoes come in different shapes and sizes, and each structure has a unique
history of eruption. However, volcanologists have been able to classify them according
to their record of eruption (active or inactive). Volcanologists have also considered the
three general volcanic types according to the shape of their cones: namely: shield
volcanoes, cinder cones, and composite cones. Before we go further, let us
discuss the external parts of a volcano.

A volcano usually has a summit, slope, and base. At the summit, there is an
opening which may either be a crater or a caldera. A crater is a funnel-shaped opening
at the top of a volcano while a caldera is formed when a part of the wall collapses
following an explosive eruption as shown in Figure 2. A volcano can have one crater,
like Mayon Volcano, or more than one, like Taal Volcano that has 47 craters.

Fig. 2. A CRATER AND A CALDERA Source:SCIENCE 9 Learners Module

Although volcanologists have different basis for classifying volcanoes, one way
to classify volcanoes is by their cones. Let us discuss the three volcanic cones,
namely: shield, cinder, and composite cones.

Shield volcanoes are formed by the

accumulation of lava that oozes out from the
volcano. Since non-viscous lava can flow
freely,
. a broad, slightly domed structure that
resembles a warrior’s shield is formed as
shown in Figure 3. An example of this type is
the Mauna Loa in Hawaii.

Source: https://www.collinsdictionary.com

4
 Cinder cones, on the other hand, are
built from ejected lava fragments. They
have a steep slope, wide crater and are
the most abundant of the three major
volcano types. One example of this type
is the Paricutin in Mexico (Fig.4).
Source: https://www.freepik.com/ NO&sort=popular

Composite cones or stratovolcanoes

are large, nearly perfect sloped structure
formed from alternate solidification of
both lava and pyroclastic deposits. One
perfect example of this type of cone is
our Mayon Volcano (Fig. 5)

Source: https://www.freepik.com

Volcanic activity can be very fascinating. After an explosive eruption, a scenic

cone-shaped structure may be produced or changes on its slope can be observed.
The emissions of a volcano provide us with clues on what materials are found inside
the Earth. Some eruptions are very explosive, while many others are not.

What determines the nature of eruption? There are primary factors affecting the
volcanoes’ eruptive style, namely: the magma’s temperature, its chemical
composition, and the amount of dissolved gases it contains. These factors can affect
the magma’s viscosity in different ways. Viscosity is the property of the material’s
resistance to flow. It is also described as the liquid’s thickness and stickiness. The
more viscous and thicker the material is, the greater is its resistance to flow. For
instance, syrup is more viscous than water.

Let us discuss how each factor affects the viscosity of magma. First, let us look
into how temperature of magma affects its viscosity. The viscosity of magma
decreases with temperature. The higher the temperature of magma is, the lower is its
viscosity. As lava flows, it cools and begins to harden, its ability to flow decreases and
eventually it stops.

Next, let us look at how the composition of magma affects its viscosity. Magmas
with high silica content are more viscous than those with low silica content as shown
in Figure 6. The magma that contains less silica is relatively fluid and travels far before
solidifying.

Lastly, the amount of gases contained in the magma affects its viscosity. Other
factors being equal, gas (mainly water vapor) dissolved in magma tends to increase

5
its ability to flow. Therefore, in near-surface environments, the loss of gases makes
magma more viscous, forming a dome or a columnar as shown in Figure 6.

Lava with less silica content has low

viscosity that it can travel a great
distance, forming a thin sheet.

Lava with high silica content is

too viscous to travel far and
tends to break up as it flows.

Lava with low amount of gas and high silica

content is very viscous and does not flow out at
all as it rises, forming an columnar plug in the
vent.

Lava with low amount of gas as it

rises has high viscosity that it piles
up in the vent resulting in a dome.

Fig. 6. Viscosity of magma in different conditions

Source: Science 9 Learners’ Module

What’s More
DIRECTIONS: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect then
change the underlined word/s to make the sentence correct. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. A volcano is a natural opening in the structure of the earth where molten rocks,
hot gases, smoke, and ash are ejected.
2. Volcanoes are classified according to their record of eruption and shield, cinder,
and composite.
3. The composition, temperature, and amount of gas in the magma are the three
factors that shapes the volcanic cone.
4. Shield volcanoes are large, nearly perfect sloped structure formed from
alternate solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits.
5. As the temperature of magma increases, the viscosity of magma decreases.

6
 What I Have Learned
DIRECTIONS: Copy and complete the diagram below on a separate sheet to
summarize your learning in this lesson.

TYPES OF VOLCANO TYPES OF VOLCANO BASED ON

ACCORDING TO RECORD OF VOLCANIC CONE
ERUPTION
1.

1.
2.

2.
3.

VOLCANO
FACTORS THAT
AFFECT EXTERNAL
THE SHAPE OF PARTS OF A
VOLCANIC CONE VOLCANO

1. 1.
2.
2.
3.
3.

7
 Lesson
TYPES OF VOLCANIC
2 ERUPTIONS
What’s New
DIRECTIONS: Read and understand the common signs that a volcano is going to
erupt.
Are you prepared? Signs of an impending volcanic eruption
According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS), the government agency tasked with monitoring earthquakes and
volcanoes in the country, the following are commonly observed signs that a volcano
is about to erupt. These may vary from one volcano to another.

1. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds; occurrence of

volcanic tremors.

2. Increased steaming activity; change in color of steam emission from white to gray
due to entrained ash.

3. Crater glow due to presence of magma at or near the crater.

4. Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt and ground fissuring due to magma
Intrusion.

5. Localized landslides, rockfalls and landslides from the summit area which not
attributable to heavy rains.

6. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation around the volcano's

upper slopes.

7. Increase in the temperature of hot springs, wells (e.g., Bulusan and Canlaon) and
crater lake (e.g., Taal) near the volcano.

8. Noticeable variation in the chemical content of springs, crater lakes within the
vicinity of the volcano;

9. Drying up of springs/wells around the volcano; and,

10. Development of new thermal areas and/or reactivation of old ones; appearance
of solfataras.

Mentioned above are the signs that a volcanic eruption is about to happen, but do
you know that there are different types of volcanic eruption? Continue studying this
module to find out.

8
 What is It
Volcanoes erupt differently. They are generally classified as wet or dry
depending on the magma’s water content. Volcanoes are described according to the
style of eruption as follows:

Phreatic or hydrothermal – is a stream-

driven eruption as the hot rocks come in
contact with water. It is short-lived,
characterized by ash columns but may be an
onset of a larger eruption. Shown on the right
is our Taal Volcano in Batangas (Figure 7).
Source: https://pixabay.com

Phreatomagmatic – is a violent eruption due to

the contact between water and magma. As a
result, a large column of very fine ash and high-
speed and sideway emission of pyroclastics
called base surges are observed.

Strombolian - a periodic weak to violent

eruption characterized by fountain lava,
just like the Irazu Volcano in Costa Rica
(Figure 8).

Source: https://pixabay.com

Vulcanian – characterized by tall eruption

columns that reach up to 20 km high with
pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra like that
of Paricutin Volcano in Mexico (Figure 9).

Source: Science 9 Learners’ Manual

Plinian – excessively explosive type of

eruption of gas and pyroclastics, just like
our Pinatubo Volcano in Zambales (Figure
10).

Source: Science 9 Learners’ Manual

9
 What’s More
DIRECTIONS: Match the type of volcanic eruption in Column A to its description in
Column B and the example in Column C. Write your answer on a separate answer
sheet.
A B C
1. Vulcanian a. characterized by fountain f. Pinatubo Volcano
2. Plinian lava g. Irazu Volcano
3. Hydrothermal b. a violent eruption due to the h. Paricutin Vocano
4. Strombolian contact between water and i. Taal Volcano
5. Phreatomagmatic magma j. Mayon Volcano
c. characterized by tall
eruption columns
d. a stream-driven eruption
e. excessively explosive type
of eruption

What I Have Learned

DIRECTIONS: Complete the Crossword Puzzle below. Write your answer on a
separate sheet.
ACROSS
2. Irazu Volcano in Costa Rica
3. Tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km
high
4. Type of eruption exhibited by Taal Volcano
5. A large column of very fine ash and high-
speed and sideway emission of pyroclastics
8. Excessively explosive type of eruption of gas
and pyroclastics
9. Philippine Agency that studies, monitor and
reports any volcanic activities in the country
DOWN
1. A person that studies about volcanoes and
its activities
5. It is short-lived, characterized by ash
columns but may be an onset of a larger
eruption
6. "Perfect Cone Shape" Volcano
7. A volcano in the Philippines that erupted last
January 12, 2020

SOURCE: https://www.puzzle-
maker.com/crossword_Design.
cgi

10
 What I Can Do

PERFORMANCE TASK: VOLCANO MODEL MAKING & VOLCANIC ERUPTION

MATERIALS NEEDED:
1- used plastic bottle 1- brown tape Funnel
1- used illustration board / carton 1- pair of scissors
A lot of old newspaper acrylic paints / used paints
Water & Glue mixture Paint brushes
Vinegar Baking Soda Red Food coloring
Reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qalAKtLbjX8

CAUTION: BE CAREFUL IN DOING THE ACTIVITY. ASK

FOR ASSISTANCE.
DIRECTIONS:
1. Place the plastic bottle at the center of the illustration board.
2. Secure it by putting tape all over the base.
3. Crumple some newspaper into a ball-like shape
4. Place them all over the base.
5. Cut a lot of newspaper strips then soak them into the water and glue mixture.
6. Using these strips of newspaper, cover the layers of crumpled newspaper on
the bottle
7. For the 2nd layer, start putting the strips of newspaper at the mouth of the plastic
bottle.
8. Continue doing so until the whole volcano is totally covered with newspaper
strips.
9. Let it dry under the sun.
10. When the volcano model is fully dried, start painting. Let it dry.

ERUPTION TIME!!!
1. Using a funnel or “embudo”, put vinegar into the bottle (half-fill).
2. Put the baking soda into the bottle and watch what happen.
3. Record the eruption and send it to your teacher.
RUBRICS Below Approaching Meets Exceeds
Expectation Expectation Expectation Expectation
(10 pts.) (20 pts.) (30 pts.) (40 pts.)
Model related Model does Scientific Model Model clearly
to Science not relate to a concepts and represents represents
Concepts scientific connections to scientific scientific
concept nor real world concepts with concepts and
make applications minor errors is scientifically
connections to are unclear in and shares correct, having
real world the model. connections connections to
applications. for real world real world
applications. applications.

11
Explanation Explanation is Explanation Explanation Explanation is
of Concepts unclear; it shows shows a clear and
lacks accuracy evidence of complete shows
and understanding, understanding complete
understanding but facts and of concepts. understanding.
of concepts. concepts are There are Concepts and
not accurate. some facts facts are
and concepts accurate.
that are not
accurate.
Construction, The model is The model is The model is The model is
creativity, poorly constructed carefully carefully
neatness constructed. It with little constructed constructed
lacks in neatness and but does not with materials
neatness and creativity. showcase that showcase
creativity. student's student's
creativity. creativity and
are
appropriate.
Presentation Does not Eye contact, Speaks Anticipates
speak clearly, clear speech, clearly, makes questions and
make eye or preparation eye contact, takes
contact, or is to present and presents ownership of
unprepared to model is model well. the model.
present minimal.
model.

12
 Assessment

DIRECTIONS: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following characteristics of a volcano depends on its magma
emission?
A. age B. location C. size D. shape

2. How many craters does Taal Volcano have?

A. 47 B. 48 C. 49 D. 50
3. Which is NOT an external part of a volcano?
A. base B. crater C. slope D. summit
4. Aside from Mayon Volcano, what other Philippine volcano that has erupted
recently?
A. Bulusan B. Canlaon C. Pinatubo D. Taal
5. Which characteristic of magma mainly determines its explosiveness?
A. amount B. color C. temperature D. silica content
6. Which property of a material refers to the material’s resistance to flow?
A. heat B. pressure C. temperature D. viscosity
7. Which of the following sentences describe a Strombolian volcanic eruption?
I. has tall eruption columns III. characterized by fountain lava
II. it is a stream-driven eruption IV. periodic weak to violent eruption
A. I & II B. III & IV C. I & III D. II & IV

For numbers 8 & 9. A lava flows out from the crater and has less silica content.
8. What is the viscosity of the lava?
A. high viscosity C. no viscosity
B. average viscosity D. low viscosity

9. What if the lava that flows out from the crater has high silica content, what would
be the viscosity of the lava?
A. high viscosity C. no viscosity
B. average viscosity D. low viscosity

10. Which of the following is an active volcano in the Philippines?

A. Apo in Davao C. Isarog in Camarines Sur
B. Bagacay in Camarines Norte D. Taal Volcano in Batangas

11. Which of the following factors associated with huge volcanic eruptions may
cause the decrease in the Earth’s average temperature for a few years?
A. heat C. acid rain
B. light D. volcanic ash

13
12. How does a cinder cone volcano form? By the accumulation of the ________
A. emission of lava
B. ejected lava fragments
C. molten magma which has high silica content
D. alternate solidification of lava and pyroclastic deposits

13. Why does a thick layer of volcanic ash can be heavy enough to collapse the
roofs of buildings? It is because ash ________.
A. is solid
B. cannot be blown by winds
C. becomes heavier as it cools.
D. consists of tiny fragments of rocks that becomes heavy as they pile
up.

14. What causes a shield volcano to be shaped like a broad dome? It is formed
from ______________.
A. the emission of lava
B. ejected lava fragments
C. molten magma which has high silica content
D. alternate solidification of lava and pyroclastic deposits

15. Which of the following describes a Plinian volcanic eruption?

A. a periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by lava fountain
B. stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water
C. excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic
materials
D. characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high
with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra

14
References
A. Books

• Aquino, Marites D. et. al. 2017. Science Links Worktext for Scientific
and Technological Literacy. Philippines: Rex Bookstore

• Bayo-ang, Roly B. et. al. 2016. Earth and Life Science for Senior High
School. Philippines: National Bookstore

• Ditan, Carolina D. 2012. Earth Sciences. Philippines: National Bookstore

• SCIENCE 9 Learners Module, Department of Education, Republic of the

Philippines

B. Images
• https://www.freepik.com/search?format=search&page=1&query=e
arth%20and%20space%20philippines
• https://pixabay.com/photos/volcano-rock-sky-clouds-hills-
5437051/
• https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mauna-loa
• https://www.freepik.com/search?dates=any&format=search&quer
y=PARICUTIN%20VOLCANO&sort=popular
• https://www.freepik.com/search?dates=any&format=search&page
=1&query=MOUNT%20MAYON%20VOLCANO&sort=popular
• https://pixabay.com/images/search/strombolian%20eruption%20ir
azu%20volcano/

C. Electronic
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZkJY4NvaOs&list=RDCMUCi
TjCIT_9EXV1Wp1cY0zaUA&index=1
• https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/carbon-and-its-
compounds/some-important-carbon-
compouns/#:~:text=Carbon%20compounds%20that%20are%20sat
isfied,by%20only%20a%20single%20bond

15
 16
LESSON 1: VOLCANIC LANDFORMS
WHAT’S MORE
WHAT’S NEW 1. TRUE
1. SUMMIT 2. FALSE, VOLCANIC CONES
2. SLOPE 3. TRUE
3. BASE 4. FALSE, COMPOSITE CONE VOLCANO
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED 5. FALSE, INCREASES
TYPES OF VOLCANO ACCORDING TYPES OF VOLCANO BASED ON
TO RECORD OF ERUPTION VOLCANIC CONE
1. Active 1. Shield Cone Volcano
2. Inactive 2. Cinder Cone Volcano
3. Composite Cone Volcano
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE EXTERNAL PARTS OF A
VOLCANO
SHAPE OF VOLCANIC CONE 1. Summit
1. Composition of Magma 2. Slope
2. Temperature of Magma 3. Base
3. Amount of gas
LESSON 2: TYPES OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION
WHAT’S MORE WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
1. c, h ACROSS DOWN
2. e, f 2. STROMBOLIAN 1. VOLCANOLOGIST
3. d, I 3. VULCANIAN 5. PHREATIC
4. a, g 4. HYDROTHERMAL 6. MAYON
5. b, j 5. PHREATOMAGMATIC 7. TAAL
8. PLINIAN
9. PHIVOLCS
Answer Key
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Cebu City Division

Office Address: Imus Avenue, Cebu City, Cebu
Telephone Nos.: (063) 255 – 1516, (032)253 - 9095
E-mail Address: cebu.city@deped.gov.ph

17