9

Science
Quarter 4 - Module 6
Week 6
Heat and Work

1
Science - Grade 9
Quarter 4 - Module 6 (Heat and Work)
2nd Edition, Revised 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalty.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education – Cebu City Division

Schools Division Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, EdD

Development Team of the Module

Writer/Compiler: Joan Jennel M. Cayme, T III, Inayawan National High School
Content Editors:
Mr. Neil Andrian A. Angtud, School Head , Sinsin National High School
Dr. Florenda G. Yap, MT II, Assistant Principal, Apas National High School
Dr. Deogenes R. Adoptante, Principal I, OPRRA National High School
Mrs. Arnolfa A. Demellites, Principal I, Sirao Integrated School
Language Editor: Mrs. Wilma Y. Villaflor, Principal III, Don Vicente Rama Mem. ES
Management Team:
Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief
Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS-Science
Dr. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS-LRMDS

Printed in the Philippines by:

Department of Education: Division of Cebu City
Office Address: Imus Avenue, Cebu City
Telephone Nos.: 032) 255-1516/ (032) 253-9095
E-mail Address: cebu.city@deped.gov.ph

1
 Lesson
Heat and Work
1
Hello there our young scientist! Welcome to the fourth module of this
quarter. Before moving forward, please be guided with what’s waiting for you
ahead!

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Learning Competency:
Construct a model to demonstrate that heat can do work (S9FE-
IVe-42).

Have you tried to heat a pot of tap water on a hot burner of a stove? It is
observed that the water temperature increases. In this situation, heat flows from hot
burner to the cold water. When two objects at different temperatures are put in contact,
heat spontaneously flows from an object with high temperature to the object of low
temperature. The natural flow of heat is always in the direction tending to equalize the
temperature. If the two objects are kept in contact long enough for their temperatures
to become equal, the two bodies are said to be in THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM, and there
is no further heat flow between them.
This module focuses on heat and work. It aims to explain how heat can be
turned into work and how doing work releases heat. It discusses on the spontaneous
processes where heat flows from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower
temperature.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
A. Describe the flow of heat.
B. Determine the types of heat transfer.
C. Explain how heat can do work.
D. Construct a model to demonstrate that heat can do work.

Before you start, answer the following pre-assessment first.

2
 WHAT I KNOW
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Hot objects begin to cool as __________
A. cooler air is transferred to the hot object
B. atoms in the object react with oxygen in the air
C. thermal energy in the object cancels out energy in the air
D. thermal energy in the object is transferred to the surrounding air
2. Heat passes from __________
A. high to low C. cold to hot
B. hot to cold D. heat cannot be passed
3. Francis stretched a rubber band five times. After that, he observed that the
rubber band felt warmth. Did the rubber band gain heat?
A. No, it is not evident.
B. Yes, the rubber band felt warmth means it loss heat.
C. Yes, the rubber band felt warmth means it gained heat.
D. No, temperature is not related to a gain or loss of heat.
4. During summer seasons, what happens to your body’s internal energy
after taking a bath?
A. decreases C. no change at all
B. increases D. there is no definite pattern
5. The unit of work is same as unit of __________
A. energy C. force
B. entropy D. power
6. When two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also
in thermal equilibrium with each other. This statement is called the ______
A. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
B. First Law of Thermodynamics
C. Second Law of Thermodynamics
D. Planck’s Law

3
 7. Heat is another form of _______________
A. energy C. matter
B. mass D. temperature
8. The convection of heat occurs in liquids and gases. Which one of the
following statements about convection is CORRECT?
A. Hot liquids rise above cold liquids.
B. Convection occurs in water, but does not occur in air.
C. The particles in a liquid travel more slowly when heated.
D. In a hot water tank, the heating coils are placed at the bottom of the
tank.
9. Heat may be transferred in three different ways. One of these methods of
heat transfer does not require a medium. Which one of the following is
this?
A. conduction C. insulation
B. convection D. radiation
10. Which one of the following definitions best describes the concept of work?
A. The force associated with molecular motion.
B. The random motion of molecules in a gas at low pressure.
C. The flow of energy from one body to another through uniform
molecular motion.
D. The flow of energy from one object or substance to another due to
difference in temperature.
11. The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object
is called ____________
A. heat C. thermal energy
B. temperature D. convection current
12. Which is an example of conduction?
A. fiberglass insulation
B. soup heating a metal spoon
C. heat on your skin from the sun
D. heat from baseboard heaters filling the room

4
 13. If two objects have different temperatures, heat will flow __________
A. up and then sink
B. from the colder object to the warmer object
C. from the warmer object to the colder object
D. back and forth form one object to the other object
For nos. 14-15

Four identical beakers, I, II, III, IV are placed on a large electrical hotplate. I and
II are half-full while III and IV are full of tap water at the same initial temperature. I and
IV are placed on the hot plate for 2.5minutes, III is left on for 5 minutes and II is left on
10 minutes. The water does not boil in any of the beakers.

I II III IV

2.5 minutes 10 minutes 5 minutes 2.5 minutes

14. Which one of the beakers of water will receive the most heat?
A. I B. II C. III D. IV
15. Which two beakers of water will have almost the same final temperature
after being heated?
A. I & II B. I & III C. I & IV D. II & III

5
 WHAT’S IN
4 Pics 1 Word: Fill in the missing letters to reveal the hidden word.

____ ____ ____ ____

A K E A R
I H F S T

Heat is essential to living things. We use heat to cook our food and to iron our
clothes. The conversion of heat energy to mechanical energy has found countless
uses in power plant operations, transportation and industry.
But what really is heat?

WHAT’S NEW
HEAT

□ The energy transferred from one object to another due to their temperature
difference.
□ The energy moves from a region of higher temperature to an area of lower
temperature.
□ This movement only stops once THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM is achieved (when
the two objects in contact have equal temperature).

6
Methods of Heat Transfer:

1. Conduction- the transfer of energy between objects that are in physical

contact.
2. Convection- the transfer of energy between an object and its environment due
to fluid motion.
3. Radiation- the transfer of energy by the emission of electromagnetic radiation.

Figure 1. Methods of Heat Transfer

Source: https://www.machinedesign.com/learning-resources/whats-the-difference-
between/document/21834474/whats-the-difference-between-conduction-convection-and-
radiation

WHAT IS IT
The concept of the conservation of energy states that: Energy cannot be
created nor destroyed. The first law of thermodynamics is actually based on this
concept. It states that: The change in internal energy of a system equals the difference
between the heat taken in by the system and the work done by the system. Internal
energy of a substance is the sum of molecular kinetic energy (due to the random
motion of the molecules), the molecular potential energy (due to forces that act
between the atoms of a molecule and between the molecules), and other kinds of
molecular energy.
When heat flows in instances where the work done is negligible, the internal
energy of the hot substance decreases and the internal energy of the cold substance
increases. While heat may originate in the internal energy supply of a substance, it is
not correct to say that a substance contains heat. The substance has internal energy,
not heat. The word “heat” is used only when referring to the energy actually in transit
from hot to cold.

7
 The law is expressed as: ∆U = Q – W
where: Q = the amount of heat flowing into a system during a given process
W = the net work done by the system
∆U= the change in the system’s internal energy
This is derived from the conservation of energy given below as how heat is
related to work? Or how heat is related to work?
Q = W + ∆U
We will use Joule (J) as our standard unit for energy. The first law tells us that
a system’s internal energy can be changed by transferring energy by either work, heat
or a combination of the two.
Let us find out how heat is converted into work or work is converted into heat.

WHAT’S MORE
Activity 1: The Spiral Paper
(adapted- Source: https://www.educatall.com/page/599/A-paper-spiral.html)

Objective: Construct a model to demonstrate that heat can do work.

Materials: one sheet of paper, scissors, string, needle and a lamp with an uncovered
incandescent light bulb
Procedure:
1. Trace a spiral. It should fill
approximately ¼ of your sheet
of paper. Leave about 1 cm
between each line.
2. Carefully cut your spiral on
the line, starting at the outer
tip.
3. Punch a hole in the center of
the spiral using the needle.
(CAUTION: BE CAREFUL IN
Figure 2. Spiral paper suspended over the lamp
USING THE NEEDLE).
4. Thread the string through the hole and tie a knot.

8
 5. Hold the string and position your spiral over the lamp.
6. Observe what happens.
Guide Questions:
1. What happened to the spiral paper when placed over the lighted bulb?
2. Why do you think this happened?
3. Based from the activity, explain how heat can do work.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

To summarize your learnings in this module, complete the following
statements by filling in the missing word (s).

1. ____________ is the energy transferred from one body to another as a result of a

temperature difference.
2. The total kinetic and potential energy of all its particles is the ______________ of a
body.
3. The internal energy of a body ______________ when its temperature increases and
it changes from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas.
4. By doing _________, the internal energy can be increased.
5. ___________ is the unit to express internal energy.

WHAT I CAN DO
Solve the following word problem.
1. If 150 J of energy is added to a system when no external work was done, by
how much will the thermal energy of the system be raised?
Hint: ∆U = Q – W

9
 ASSESSMENT
Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate piece of paper.
1. Cold objects begin to warm as __________
A. warmer air is transferred to the hot object
B. atoms in the object react with oxygen in the air
C. thermal energy in the object is increased due to the warmer air
D. thermal energy in the object cancels out energy in is surroundings
2. Naturally, heat moves from a region of lower temperature to an area of
higher temperature.
A. true C. heat cannot move
B. false D. there’s no way to tell
3. While a gas does 400 J of work on its surroundings, 900 J of heat is added
to the gas. What is the change in the internal energy of the gas?
A. 300 J B. 400 J C. 500 J D.600 J
4. What happens to your body’s internal energy after consuming a bowl of
hot soup?
A. decreases C. no change at all
B. increases D. there is no definite pattern
5. The unit for work is __________
A. joule C. seconds
B. meters D. watt
6. When two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also
in thermal equilibrium with each other. This statement is called _________
A. 0th Law of Thermodynamics
B. 1st Law of Thermodynamics
C. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
D. Planck’s Law
7. Heat is also known as ___________
A. radiant energy C. wave energy
B. thermal energy D. none of these

10
 8. An ideal gas is compressed without allowing any heat to flow into or out of
the gas. What will happen to the temperature of the gas in this process?
A. The temperature increases since no heat flows during the process.
B. The temperature decreases since there is heat flow during the
process.
C. The temperature remains the same since heat flows in and out on
the process.
D. The temperature could not be determined since heat is absorbed
during the process.
9. Heat may be transferred in three different ways. Which one occurs only in
fluids?
A. conduction C. insulation
B. convection D. radiation
10. The internal energy of a system is initially 35 J. The system does 34 J of
work. What is the system’s final internal energy when a total of 46 J of
energy is added to the system by heat?
A. 26 J B. 32 J C. 36 J D. 47 J
11. The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object
is called ____________
A. convection current C. temperature
B. heat D. thermal energy
12. Is it possible to change the temperature of a glass of water by stirring the
water, even though the glass is insulated from its surroundings?
A. No, stirring will not affect the temperature of the water.
B. No, insulation prevents the change in temperature of the water.
C. Yes, stirring the water increases its internal energy causing the
increase of its temperature.
D. Yes, stirring the water decreases its internal energy causing the
decrease of its temperature.

11
 13. Mang Fermin, a carpenter is smoothening a piece of wood with its planar.
After a few minutes, he observed that it is hot. What is the evidence that
there is heat transfer?
A. It is not evident.
B. No, hotness is not related to a change in temperature.
C. Hotness means there is an increase in the temperature.
D. Yes, hotness means there is a decrease in the temperature.
For nos. 14-15

Four identical beakers, I, II, III, IV are placed on a large electrical hotplate. I and
II are half-full while III and IV are full of tap water at the same initial temperature. I and
IV are placed on the hot plate for 2.5minutes, III is left on for 5 minutes and II is left on
10 minutes. The water does not boil in any of the beakers.

I II III IV

2.5 minutes 10 minutes 5 minutes 2.5 minutes

14. Which one of the beakers of water will have the lowest temperature after
being heated?
A. I B. II C. III D. IV
15. Which one of the beakers of water will receive the least amount of heat?
A. I B. II C. III D. IV

12
References
Books:

□ Hewitt, Paul G., Conceptual Physics 9th Edition. Addison Wesley Publishing Inc.
□ Integrated Science IV. Second Edition. Physics
□ Pearson Science. Pearson Australia, 2012.
□ Practical Work in High School Physics, UP- NISMED
□ SEDP Series Textbook, Physics. 159-161
□ Silverio, Angelina A., Physics. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City,
2011.

Internet Sources:
□ https://www.e-education.psu.edu/egee102/node/1937
□ https://www.turtlediary.com/lesson/energy-transformations.html?app=1
□ https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-biology-flexbook-
2.0/section/2.21/primary/lesson/light-reactions-of-photosynthesis-bio

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education: Cebu City Division

Office Address: Imus Avenue, Cebu City
Telephone Nos.: (063)255-1516, (032)253-9095
E-mail Address: cebu.city@deped.gov.ph

13