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Science
Quarter 2 – Module 4
CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
(WEEK 4)
Quarter 2 - Module 4: CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
Second Edition, Revised 2021

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Published by the Department of Education – Cebu City Division
Schools Division Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, EdD

Development Team of the Module

Writer:
Ian Daryl D. Tirol, Teacher III, PASIL NIGHT HIGH SCHOOL

Content Editors:
Neil Adrian A. Angtud, Head Teacher 1 – SHS Assisting Principal,
Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National High School
Florenda G. Yap DevEdD, Master Teacher II - Assistant Principal,
Apas National High School

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Management Team: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent

Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Assist. Schools Division Superintendent
Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief
Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS-SCIENCE
Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS-LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Division of Cebu City

Office Address: Imus Avenue, Cebu City
Telephone Nos.: (032) 255-1516 / (032) 253-9095
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 Module CARBON AND ITS
4 COMPOUNDS
What I Need to Know
Hello students! Your knowledge about matter is continuously growing. In fact,
in the previous modules you were introduced to ionic and covalent bonds, their
properties, and how ions are formed. You have learned a lot so far! Studying this
module will certainly increase your understanding about matter.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Explain how the structure of the carbon atom affects the type of bonds it forms

In this module, you are expected to learn the following:

• explain why carbon plays a dominant role in the chemistry of life; and
• find out how bonds are formed by carbon

What I Know

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read each question carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on
a separate paper.

1. When does covalent bonding take place? It takes place when _____.
A. atoms attain stability
B. atoms collide with one another
C. the attraction between atoms is strong
D. atoms share electrons with one another
2. Carbon (C) belongs to family 4A and Oxygen (O) belongs to family 6A. If
these elements are bonded, how many single covalent bonds will there be in
CO2 molecule?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
3. How many covalent bonds are formed when a carbon atom bonded with other
atoms?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
4. How many valence electrons does carbon have?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
5. What happens to the electrons of an atom in forming covalent bond? The
electron/s is/are ____
A. hydrolyzed B. shared C. synthesized D. transferred
6. The following are inorganic compound EXCEPT
A. Acids B. Bases C. Carbohydrates D. Salts
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 7. Methane is commonly used as ________
A. cleaning agent B. disinfectant C. fuel D. medicine
8. Which among the following shows that an atom is stable? It has _____
A. 2 valence electrons C. 6 valence electrons
B. 4 valence electrons D. 8 valence electrons
9. What type of bond is shown in the diagram?
A. single bond C. triple bond
B. B. double bond D. quadruple bond

10. Which statement is CORRECT about a double bond?

I. A double bond is formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons.
II. A double bond is formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons.
III. A double bond is formed when two atoms share three pairs of electrons.
IV. A double bond is formed when two atoms share four pairs of electrons.

A. I only B. II only C. III only D. IV only

For questions 11 and 12, refer to the diagram at the

right side

11. How many bonds are present in this molecular

structure?
A. 4 C. 6
B. 5 D. 7
12. What type of bond is shown in the molecular
structure?
A. covalent C. ionic
B. hydrogen D. metallic
13. Is the molecular formula of ethane at the right side
correct? Why?
A. No, because the molecular structure is
incomplete.
B. Yes, because the carbon atom is bonded
with hydrogen atom.
C. No, because a double bond must be used instead of single bond.
D. Yes, because the carbon and hydrogen atom are bonded ionically.
14. What gives carbon the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length?
A carbon atom _______.
A. forms covalent bond
B. has four (4) valence electrons
C. forms ionic and covalent bond
D. can bond to other carbon atom
15. What are the four groups of organic compounds found in living things?
A. Sugar, Fats, Bases, Amino Acids
B. Carbohydrates, Alcohol, Acids, Bases
C. Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Functional Group
D. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids, Proteins

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 Lesson

1 IT’S ME…. CARBON

What’s In
DIRECTIONS: Read each sentence and write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

I can be found in the Periodic Table of Elements.

I am a Non-metal
I belong to group 4A or 14 in period 2
I got 6 electrons, 6 neutrons and 6 protons
My valence electron is 4
Who am I? ________________

What’s New

DIRECTIONS: Look at the three pictures below. Identify the similarity among them.

Grain of white sugar Diamond

Source: https://www.ebaumsworld.com Source: https://www.gia.edu/diamond

Coal
Source:
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal

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 What is It
All the 3 things have a common element which is carbon. Though they have
common element, the three things have different chemical properties.

But how can there be so much difference in the looks of different materials made up
of same element? How can it be possible that the substances made up of the same
element carbon appeared to be different? The looks are different, and the chemical
properties are different, but they all made up of carbon. Is this magic?

The magic comes from the element itself.

Carbon has many interesting properties. It can form bonds in variety of

elements that is why carbon compound is commonly found everywhere. Carbon has
a chemical symbol of C in the Modern Periodic Table of Elements and its atomic
number is 6. Carbon is present in nature like diamond, graphite, coal, and charcoal.
Carbon compounds are largely seen in the food, clothes, cosmetics, fuels, drugs, and
medicine. Carbon is a special element because it plays a dominant role in the
chemistry of life

But why carbon is so unique? What gives carbon so much capability to have different
properties?

BONDS FORMED BY CARBON

We know that the atomic number of Carbon is 6, so its electron configuration is

(2,4) or 1s2 2s2 2p2. Look at the atomic structure of carbon atom. To achieve stability,
will the carbon donate electron or accept electron?

The easiest way for carbon to attain

stability is by sharing of electron. The fact that
carbon can share its outermost electron with
any other element will give it the capacity to
form chemical bonds with various other
elements.
Carbon atom
Source: https://www.scienceabc.com

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SINGLE COVALENT BOND

Carbon has 4 valence electrons. That means sharing all 4 of its electrons is
possible. Thus, the valency of carbon is the most important factor for its amazing
capacity to form bonds. So, if we have a monovalent electron like hydrogen, how does
bond formation take place?

This single carbon atom can share its 4 valence electrons with 4 different
hydrogen atoms. This means that both carbon and hydrogen atoms are stable. Each
bond is a single covalent bond. This is how a methane molecule is formed.

Molecular Structure of
Structural Formula of Methane
Methane
Source: https://www.jewishpublicaffairs.org/
Source:
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/80
6214770779961899/

DOUBLE COVALENT BOND

To understand this, let us take a particular example of Carbon dioxide. A 1

carbon atom is bonded with 2 oxygen atoms. How does this happen? We know that
the valence electron is oxygen is 6 and carbon is 4. That means that carbon needs 4
more electron to become stable while oxygen needs 2 more electrons to be stable.
This formation leads to double covalent bond.

Structural Formula of Carbon Dioxide

Molecular Structure of Carbon Source: https://favpng.com/
Dioxide
Source: https://www.gcsescience.com/

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TRIPLE COVALENT BOND

Have you ever heard the compound hydrogen cyanide (HCN)? Yes, it is an extremely
poisonous liquid used for experiments in laboratories.

Structural Formula of Hydrogen Cyanide

Source: http://2p3lss.blogspot.com

Molecular Structure of Hydrogen Cyanide

Source: https://venngage.net/p/101529/cyanide

1 carbon atom is attached to 1 hydrogen atom and 1 nitrogen atom. If you

notice, the valence electron of hydrogen is 1. That means that 1 electron of carbon
atom is shared with 1 electron of hydrogen atom. While in the other side, the valence
electron of nitrogen is 5, so it needs 3 more electrons from carbon. So, there are 3
pairs of electrons (6 total electrons) shared by carbon and nitrogen forming a triple
bond.

So that is how carbon forms various covalent bonds with other elements.
Is this the reason why carbons form many compounds? Well, this is one of the many
major reasons why carbon compounds are widely found. One extremely important
factor is carbon can form bonds with itself. Yes, a single carbon atom can bond with
other carbon atoms to give rise to a massive carbon chain.

What’s More
DIRECTIONS: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect then
change the underlined word/s to make the sentence correct. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. A carbon atom bonded with other atoms forms three (3) covalent bonds.

2. A double bond is formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons.

3. Carbon has 4 valence electrons.

4. Covalent bond between atoms is formed by transferring of electrons.

5. This diagram shows double bonds.

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 What I Have Learned
DIRECTIONS: Complete each sentence to summarize your learning in this lesson.
Write your answer on a separate sheet.
Most of the things around us are made up of (1) _________.The food
we eat, clothes we wear, and even the medicines we take when we are sick are
generally called (2) ________. A lot of things are made because of carbon’s interesting
property – to form bond/s to various elements. The bonds that a carbon can form with
various elements are (3) _______, (4) _______, and (5) _______. It is interesting to
note that the number of (6) _______ are the basis to identify the types of bonds formed
by carbon. In a single bond, it requires (7) _____ pair of electrons while the double
and triple bonds have (8) _______ and (9) ______ pair of electrons, respectively. So,
how many electrons are there in a triple bond? (10) _______

Lesson

2 CARBON COMPOUNDS

What’s New
DIRECTIONS: Look at the diagram below. What is/are your observation/s?

FOOD

FUELS TEXTILES

CARBON

DRUGS PLASTICS

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 Everything that surrounds us is probably a compound of carbon. Food, fuels,
textiles, drugs everything is either a compound of carbon or its substituent. Carbon is a
crucial element of our world. So, let us study about some important carbon compounds.

What is It
Carbon compounds are compounds whose molecules contain a carbon atom.
They are chemical substances where a carbon atom has bonded to an atom of another
element. These compounds are generally organic in nature. However, many students
are under the false impression can if a molecule contains carbon it implies that it is
organic in nature. This is incorrect. There are various inorganic carbon compounds as
well like for example CO2 (carbon dioxide). Carbon compounds can be identified as
SATURATED CARBON COMPOUND or UNSATURATED CARBON COMPOUND.

Saturated Carbon Compounds

Carbon compounds that are satisfied by a single
bond between them are saturated compounds. An
example of this is Ethane which is C2H6. Here, the octet
of both the atoms is fully complete by only a single
bond.
Molecular Structure of Ethane
Source: https://byjus.com

Unsaturated Carbon Compound

Atoms that are satisfied only by double or

triple bonds are unsaturated carbon compounds. Ethene,
(C2H4) is an unsaturated carbon compound, it has a double
bond.

TYPES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS Molecular Structure of Ethene

Source: https://www.quora.com
Organic Compounds
This is the biggest class of carbon compounds. An organic compound must
contain carbon and hydrogen. The four major categories of organic compounds that
are present in all living things are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid.

Inorganic Carbon Compounds

It is not necessary that the presence of a carbon means the compound must be
classified as organic. Inorganic carbon compounds are rarer than organic compounds,
but they do occur. They are mostly found in minerals and other natural sources, Some
examples of inorganic compounds are carbon disulfide (CS2), Hydrogen Cyanide
(HCN) and the most obvious one’s carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. In general,
there are four groups of inorganic compound types. They are divided into bases,
acids, salts, and water.

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 What’s More
DIRECTIONS: Copy the concept map and write your answers on a separate sheet.
Use the word (s) in the box to complete the concept map below.

ACIDS BASES CARBOHYDRATES

CARBON COMPOUNDS INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
LIPIDS NUCLIEC ACID PROTEINS SALTS
WATER

CARBON

ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS

What I Have Learned

DIRECTIONS: Write your answer on a separate sheet.

Explain how the structure of the carbon atom affects the type of bonds it forms.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

PERFORMANCE TASK: MODEL / DIAGRAM CONSTRUCTION

DIRECTIONS: Using the materials available at home, make one (1) model / diagram
of a carbon atom that is bonded with another carbon or other elements. Make sure
that either of the three (3) bonds (single bond, double bond, triple bond) is shown.

RUBRICS 5 pt. 10 pts. 15 pts.

ACCURACY OF Less than 10% of Less than 50% of At least 90% of the
CONTENT the lesson is the lesson is lesson is shown in
shown in the shown in the the diagram
diagram diagram
LABELS Important items in Many important All important items
the diagram are items in the in the diagram are
not labelled diagram are clearly labelled
clearly labelled
CREATIVITY The materials of The materials of The materials of
the diagram are the diagram are the diagram are
not coordinated. not so well well coordinated.
The diagram is coordinated. The The diagram is
done poorly. The diagram is neat and well-
output is presented nicely. presented. The
constructed for the The output is just output is visually
sake of okay. appealing
compliance.

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 Assessment

DIRECTIONS: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which statement/s is/are TRUE about carbon compounds?
I. Carbon compounds contain carbon
II. Carbon compounds contain calcium
III. Carbon compounds can be produced artificially
IV. Carbon compounds can be produced by living organisms

A. I and III only C. II and III only

B. I, II and III only D. I, III and IV only

2. Why are carbon atoms able to form many carbon compounds? Because it ____.

A. attracts electrons from other atoms

B. has weak attraction to other elements
C. can form many types of bonds with other carbon
D. can form three (3) chemical bonds with other atoms

3. How many types of bond can a carbon atom form?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

4. Base on the illustration, how many types of bond are

there?
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4

5. When does covalent bonding take place? It occurs when ________.

A. atoms attain stability
B. atoms collide with one another
C. the attraction between atoms is strong
D. atoms share electrons with one another

6. Carbon (C) belongs to family 4 and Oxygen (O) belongs to family 6. If these
elements are bonded, how many double covalent bonds will there be in CO2
molecule?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

7. Which among the following shows that an atom is stable? It has _____.
A. 2 valence electrons C. 6 valence electrons
B. 4 valence electrons D. 8 valence electrons

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 8. Which statement is CORRECT about a triple bond? It ______.
I. involves six (6) electrons.
II. forms when two atoms share two pairs of electrons.
III. forms when two atoms share three pairs of electrons.
IV. forms when two atoms share four pairs of electrons.

A. I & III B. II & IV C. III only D. IV only

9. Which of the following is the common use of methane?

A. cleaning agent B. disinfectant C. fuel D. medicine

10. What gives carbon the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length?
A carbon atom _______.
A. forms covalent bond
B. has four (4) valence electrons
C. forms ionic and covalent bond
D. can bond to other carbon atom

11. What four groups of organic compounds are found in living things?
A. Sugar, Fats, Bases, Amino Acids
B. Carbohydrates, Alcohol, Acids, Bases
C. Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Functional Group
D. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids, Proteins

For questions 12 and 13, refer to the diagram at the

right side
12. How many bonds are present in this molecular
structure?
A. 4 C. 6
B. 5 D. 7

13. What type of bond is shown in the molecular structure?

A. covalent C. ionic
B. hydrogen D. metallic

14. Is the molecular formula of ethane correct? Why?

A. No, because the molecular structure is
incomplete.
B. Yes, because the carbon atom is bonded
with hydrogen atom.
C. No, because a double bond must be used
instead of single bond
D. Yes, because the carbon and hydrogen atom are bonded ionically.

15. Which is NOT an inorganic carbon compound?

A. Acids B. Bases C. Carbohydrates D. Salts

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References
A. Books

• Aquino, Marites D. et. al. 2017. Science Links Worktext for Scientific
and Technological Literacy. Philippines: Rex Bookstore

• Clark, Jim. 2002. Longman GCSE Chemistry. Philippines: Pearson

Longman

• Petrucci, Ralph H., et. al., 2011. General Chemistry 10th Edition.
Philippines: Pearson Education Inc.

• Ungson, Olivia B., 2006. Science Fundamentals for High School III
CHEMISTRY revised edition. Philippines: Trinitas Publishing Inc.

• SCIENCE 9 Learners Module, Department of Education, Republic of

the Philippines

B. Images
• https://www.ebaumsworld.com/pictures/extreme-close-ups-of-
everyday-things/84456930/
• https://www.gia.edu/diamond
• https://www.scienceabc.com/pure-sciences/graphite-soft-
diamond-structure-properties-hard-carbon-allotrope-tetrahedral-
layers.html
• https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/806214770779961899/
• https://www.jewishpublicaffairs.org/on-methane/
• https://www.gcsescience.com/a27-covalent-bond-carbon-dioxide-
gas-molecule.htm
• https://favpng.com/png_view/chemical-formulas-carbon-dioxide-
structural-formula-molecule-carbon-monoxide-png/GdQHdwBX
• http://2p3lss.blogspot.com/2011/02/choy-yu-yong-2p306-science-
assignment.html
• https://geometryofmolecules.com/hcn-lewis-structure-shape-and-
polarity/
• https://byjus.com/ethane-formula/
• https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-formula-of-ethylene
• https://venngage.net/p/101529/cyanide

C. Electronic
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZkJY4NvaOs&list=RDCMUCi
TjCIT_9EXV1Wp1cY0zaUA&index=1
• https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/carbon-and-its-
compounds/some-important-carbon-
compouns/#:~:text=Carbon%20compounds%20that%20are%20sat
isfied,by%20only%20a%20single%20bond

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LESSON 1: IT’S ME…CARBON
WHAT’S MORE
WHAT’S IN 1. FALSE, 4
CARBON 2. FALSE, 2 PAIRS
3. TRUE
4. FALSE, SHARING
5. TRUE
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
1. CARBON 6. PAIR OF ELECTRONS
2. CARBON COMPOUNDS 7. 1
3. SINGLE BOND 8. 2
4. DOUBLE BOND 9. 3
5. TRIPLE BOND 10. 6 ELECTRONS
LESSON 2
CARBON AND ITS
COMPOUNDS
WHAT’S MORE
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
(Answers may vary)
Carbon is the only element that can form so many different compounds because
each carbon atom can form four chemical bonds to other atoms, and because the
carbon atom is just the right, small size to fit in comfortably as parts of very large
molecules.
Answer Key
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Cebu City Division

Office Address: Imus Avenue, Cebu City, Cebu
Telephone Nos.: (063) 255 – 1516, (032)253 - 9095
E-mail Address: cebu.city@deped.gov.ph

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