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Chapter 9 Circulatory System

Easy

Question 1

Ans Capillary / Capillaries

Ans
Ans Plasma

Ans

Question 2

Ans
Ans Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body from the lungs to cells which
require it for aerobic respiration

o They carry the oxygen in the form of oxyhaemoglobin

Ans white blood cells, platelets and plasma

Medium

Question 1a

Ans Running
Ans 125 bpm

Ans

Question 1b

Ans ECG or listening to the sounds of valves closing using a stethoscope

Question 1c

Ans

 Exercise leads to an increase in breathing rate / frequency of breathing

 Exercise leads to an increased depth of breathing / volume of air taken into
the lungs

Question 2
Ans

Component Structure Functions

Red blood cell Biconcave discs Red blood cells transport
containing no nucleus oxygen around the body
but plenty of protein from the lungs to cells which
haemoglobin require it for aerobic
respiration

They carry the oxygen in the

form of oxyhaemoglobin
Phagocyte Have a cell membrane  Phagocytes have a
with multilobed nucleus sensitive cell surface
and granular cytoplasm membrane that can
detect chemicals
produced by
pathogenic cells
 Once they encounter
the pathogenic cell,
they will engulf it
and release digestive
enzymes to digest it
 Lymphocyte Has large round
nucleus which takes up
nearly the whole cell and
clear, non-granular
cytoplasm
 Produce antibodies to
destroy pathogenic
cells and antitoxins to
neutralise toxins
released by pathogens

Ans Platelets release chemicals

soluble fibrinogen proteins convert into insoluble fibrin

Ans

 Blood clotting prevents continued / significant blood loss from wounds

 Scab formation seals the wound with an insoluble patch that prevents entry of
microorganisms that could cause infection

Question 3
Ans Running
Ans 125 bpm

Ans

Bpm from the graph

Walking = 98 bpm

Resting = 64 bpm

Difference

= 98-64 = 34 bpm increase

Percentage difference

= (34/64)*100

= 53.125% or 53.1%

Ans ECG or listening to the sounds of valves closing using a stethoscope

Ans

 Exercise leads to an increase in breathing rate / frequency of breathing

 Exercise leads to an increased depth of breathing / volume of air taken into
the lungs

Question 4
 Ans

 Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body from the lungs to cells which
require it for aerobic respiration
o They carry the oxygen in the form of oxyhaemoglobin

Ans

1. Biconcave structure increases the surface area for oxygen to diffuse in

2. They lack nucleus, thus increasing the surface area of haemoglobin package

Ans Platelets

Ans Coronary Heart Disease

Ans Poor diet, stress, smoking, genetic predisposition, age and gender

Ans

Name of blood Vessel Letter

Aorta B
Pulmonary artery G
Renal vein E
Vena cava F

Ans

 The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and
pumps it to the lungs
 The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps
it to the body
 Blood is pumped towards the heart in veins and away from the heart in arteries
 The two sides of the heart are separated by a muscle wall called the septum
 The heart is made of muscle tissue which are supplied with blood by
the coronary arteries

OR

Question 5
Ans

Component Structure Functions

Red blood cell Biconcave discs Red blood cells transport
containing no nucleus oxygen around the body
but plenty of protein from the lungs to cells which
haemoglobin require it for aerobic
respiration

They carry the oxygen in the

form of oxyhaemoglobin
Phagocyte Have a cell membrane
with multilobed nucleus
and granular cytoplasm
 Phagocytes have a
sensitive cell surface
membrane that can
detect chemicals
produced by
pathogenic cells
 Once they encounter
the pathogenic cell,
they will engulf it
and release digestive
enzymes to digest it

Lymphocyte Has large round  Produce antibodies to

nucleus which takes up destroy pathogenic
nearly the whole cell and cells and antitoxins to
 clear, non-granular neutralise toxins
cytoplasm released by pathogens

Ans Fibrinogen - Fibrin

Ans

 Blood clotting prevents continued / significant blood loss from wounds

 Scab formation seals the wound with an insoluble patch that prevents entry of
microorganisms that could cause infection
Hard

Ans

 Sensory neurone or Temperature / thermo- receptor (neurone)

Ans

 Q - Venule; [1 mark]

 S- Arteriole; [1 mark]
 T - Capillary; [1 mark]

Ans

 Fat / fatty tissue; [1 mark]

Ans

 Blood flow remains constant and then increases; [1 mark]

 Blood flow remains at, 4 / 5%; [1 mark]
 Increase in blood flow from 25 (±2) ºC; [1 mark]
 (To) a maximum / 100%, at 41ºC; [1 mark]
Ans

 Detection by, sensory neurone / receptor (in skin); [1 mark]

 Brain / hypothalamus, as control centre; [1 mark]
 Impulses in, motor / effector, neurones; [1 mark]
 Muscles in shunt vessels contract / arterioles relax; [1 mark]
 (So) shunt vessels constrict / close; [1 mark]
 Arterioles dilate / vasodilation; [1 mark]
 Increased / more blood flow into capillaries / near surface (of skin); [1
mark]

Ans
Ans

 Diffusion; [1 mark]
 Down concentration gradient / high to low concentration; [1 mark]
 Active transport; [1 mark]
 Through epidermis; [1 mark]
 Between / into / through, cells; [1 mark]
 Across cell membranes; [1 mark]

Ans

 (So that) enzymes do not denature / enzymes remain active / maintains

optimum temperature for enzymes; [1 mark]
 Idea of maintaining a constant rate of reactions / metabolism /
respiration; [1 mark]
 Avoids to damage to other named (type of) protein eg. hormone,
haemoglobin etc; [1 mark]
 Avoids damage to cell membranes; [1 mark]
 Avoids, heatstroke / hyperthermia / overheating / dehydration / freezing /
chills / becoming too cold / hypothermia; [1 mark]
 At high temperature sperm production, reduced / harmed; [1 mark]

Ans

 Hormones are chemicals / hormonal coordination is only chemical; [1

mark]
 Transported in the, blood / circulatory system; [1 mark]
 (Effects are) slower (than nerves); [1 mark]
 (Effects are) longer lasting (than nerves); [1 mark]
 Each hormone may have more than one target, organ / tissue / cells; [1
mark]