CODE: DRK2421

LAB. NAME: MASS AND HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY

2022/2023 Semester II
Title of Experiment : DIFFUSION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE IN WATER
Date of Experiment : 27 /03 /2023
Lecturer’s Name : JOHARIZAL BIN JOHARI
Group Members :3
Name ID
1. PRAAVEN THANGARAJAN RK22325
2.MUHAMMAD IRFAN ZHARFAN BIN SA’ADUDDIN RK22257
3.MUHAMMAD TUAH ABADI BIN ROSMAZAM RK22125

Group No. :5
Section :
Marks :

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

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Rubric for LAB REPORT

Item Unacceptable Poor Average Good

Score
Assessed (0) (1) (2) (3)
Abstract  No abstract  No highlight of the  Missing objective and/or  Objective
(x 5) significant results conclusion.  Summary of the
and/or methodology. methodology
 Summary of the results
 Conclusion
Methodology  No flowchart  Methodology flow is  Methodology flow is correct, but  Methodology flow is
flowchart incorrect. not concise. correct and concise.
(x 5)

Data  No table  Tables provided but no
Tabulation captions given OR
(x 3)  Tables provided but
captions not in
sequence and not
mentioned in the text
Graph  No Graph OR  Graphs provided but
(x 3)  All graphs wrongly plotted no captions given OR
 Graphs provided but
captions not in
sequence and not
mentioned in the text
Calculations  Calculations not shown OR  Skip a few important
(x 5)  Calculations totally wrong calculation steps
 Tables provided, captions given
and numbered in sequence but
no units
 Properly captioned, numbered
and graphs mentioned in the
text. However, conditions of
experiment (P, T) not
mentioned in the caption
 All calculation steps are clearly
written and correct but wrong
unit
 Tables numbered with the
Arabic numerals and have
captions in sequence. The
units in which results are
expressed are given at the
top of each column (in
parentheses)
 Properly captioned,
numbered and graphs
mentioned in the text.
Conditions of experiment
(P, T) mentioned in the
caption
 All calculation steps are
clearly written and correct
and with correct unit

Results  Data sheet with stamp not  Results given but  Results given but a few not tally  Results shown for all the
(x 10) provided with the report OR significant amount not with the requirements of scopes of experiments
 Results not compatible with tally with the experiment
scopes requirement/ scopes

Discussion  Only mention the results  Attempt to discuss but  Elucidation of result but  Elucidation and supported
(x 20) without meaningful failed miserably contains some flaws by proper references or
discussion logical explanations.

Conclusions  No conclusion sections OR  Conclusion missing the  Conclusions regarding major  Important/ significant
(x 5)  Conclusions totally not important points OR points are drawn, but many are results are highlighted
reflecting the scopes  No recommendation misstated, indicating a lack of which also meets the
given to improve the understanding OR scopes of experiments
experiment.  Conclusion is too general. AND
Several recommendations have  Several recommendations
been given but they are too have been stated.
general and not contributing to
the experiment’s improvement.
References  Copy & paste references OR  Most of citations in text  A few citations in text are not  All citations in text are
(x 5)  Ununiformed referencing are not available in list available in list of reference available in list of
system OR of reference although AND reference and use the
 80% references from internet use same referencing  Use same referencing system same referencing system
OR system OR AND
 Use of Wikipedia  Internet sources > 60%  All references from reliable
resources
Grammar and  Unreadable and not written in  Numerous spellings  Occasional spelling and/or  Correct use of words.
Spelling scientific way and/or grammar errors. grammar errors.
(x 5) Direct translation using
Google Translate.

Total Assessment Marks (198)

 ABSTRACT

Diffusion of sodium chloride refers to the movement of sodium and chloride ions from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration, driven by the random motion of particles.The objectives of
this experiment is to study the diffusion coefficients and to determine mass transfer rate without convective
effects.At the start of the experiment 100mL 3M Nacl was prepared. The standard curve was created for
NaCl concentrations of 0.001, 0.0012, 0.0014, 0.0016, 0.0018, and 0.002M. It was discovered how many
round plate capillaries there were in the J-tube. The J-tube's upper end was clamped to the container. The J-
tube was filled with NaCl solution up it reach the top of capillaries. The digital conductivity metre was
connected to the cable. The test vessel was filled with 1000 mL of water until the capillary top was covered.
The magnetic stirrer was then switched on after that. Every five minutes, a stopwatch was set, and the
conductivity value was measured over the period of 40 minutes. All of the glassware was taken after the
experiment and washed in water. NaCl solution from slope has a liquid diffusivity of 2.6752 108m2 /s.
According to the Wilke Chang Equation, the liquid diffusivity of NaCl is 1.665 10-9 m2. In conclusion,
there is a 15% difference between actual and theoretical values. The amount of NaCl that diffuses in water
was determined. When the computed measured value obtained was compared to a reference value, a
significant difference between the two values was found.
 METHODOLOGY

3M NaCl of solution The higher end of the J- NaCl solution poured to the J-tube
prepared and number tube clamped to the J- until the liquid just reaches the tops
of capillaries of the tube clamper. of the capillaries.The excess
PVC round plate in the solution wiped away with a soft
J-tube was counted. tissue.

The conductivity meter 1000mL of deionized The connectivity probe inserted to

water poured into the the liquid vessel. The cable was
was switched
liquid vessel and the connected to the digital
on.There is reading
magnetic stirrer was conductivity meter get ensured.
shown in the switched on.
meter was ensured

J-tube was placed into The test vessel filled with At the same time, the
the test vessel carefully small amount of water capillary tops are submerged
and no solution should until the capillary tops and the stop watch was
were submerged started.
be dropped to
deionised water. approximately 5mm below
the surface of the water.
The amount of water
recorded and added to test.

All the glassware was For every 5 minutes, the

removed and rinsed with values of conductivity
deionised water once the was taken for a time
experiment is done. period of 40 minutes
 Result

Time (min) Conductivity

0 2.57
5 2.74
10 2.84
15 2.90
20 2.94
25 2.96
30 2.98
35 3.00
40 3.02

C=n/v
3 = n / 0.1
n = 0.3
mass of NaCl = mole × molecular weight
= 0.3 × 58.44
= 17.532 g
 Discussion
1.

2. According to the concentration versus conductivity graph. As conductivity is directly proportional to

concentration, the pattern was intended to be the same as conductivity vs. time. The conductivity of an
electrolyte, like as water, depends on the amount of tonnes in the solution. A solution's conductivity rises along
with its concentration. Using both plots, one may estimate the slope value.

CONCLUSIONS

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the diffusion coefficients of NaCl in water
solvent and to calculate the mass transfer rate of sodium chloride solute in water without
considering convective effects. Based on the result, we can see that the conductivity of sodium
chloride increases as the time increases due to the sodium atoms and chlorine atoms separate
when sodium chloride dissolves in water due to the influence of the water molecules. They are
free to move as positively and negatively charged ions in the water. This charge separation
enables the solution to conduct electricity. This reaction can be received after 1000ml of
deionised water poured into the test vessel. This experiment was conduct to perfection as there
were no errors happened such as air bubbles trap in the capillaries on the day of the experiment.
The objective of this experiment is achieved as we managed to get the results of conductivity
and managed to determined the liquid diffusivity of sodium chloride based on the slope of
Discussion 1.
 REFFERENCES

1. https://www.britannica.com/video/163293/current-solution-
electrolytes#:~:text=When%20the%20sodium%20chloride%20dissolves,the%20solution
%20to%20conduct%20electricity.
2. https://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/measurement-of-liquid-diffusion-coefficient-
biology-
essay.php#:~:text=The%20diffusion%20coefficient%20of%20Na%2B,molecules%20on
%20the%20ionic%20species.
3. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150338a006

APPENDICES

J-tube is placed on test vessel Conductivity is meter is turned on

after 1000ml of deionised water and made sure it is properly
poured inside working
A timer is set for every 5 minutes
and we wait to read the value after
the timer goes off