RPH

The katipunan divided in two group

● Magdiwang
- headed by Mariano Alvarez ( Noveleta )
- Invited Andres Bonifacio

● Magdalo
- headed by Baldomero Aguinaldo ( first cousin of Emilio Aguinaldo ) ( Cavite et Viejo - Kawit )
- August 31, 1986 - Bonifacio , Aguinaldo marched with his army of bolo men , to the town center of Kawit
- ( raised of magdalo flag )

December 31, 1896 - meeting held in Imus to end the conflict between two factors ( Magdalo / Magdiwang )

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Tejeros Convention

● Tejeros Convention - March 22, 1897 , katipuneros elected a new set of officer to replace the katipunan.

● Daniel Tirona - Magdalo Member objected bonifacio’s position( position should be held by someone with a
lawyer’s diploma)

● Artemio Ricarte - He declared the meeting invalid

● Interior Secretary - last and lowest position in revolutionary government * andres bonifacio )

● Naic Military Agreement ( signature ) , Acta de Tejeros ( drew up a document ) - supporting documents
contending aguinaldos
- Bonifacio sentenced death by war council of aguinaldo’s government

● Pio Del Pilar - pressure aguinaldo

● Gen Mariano Nories - order to execute Andres and his brother Procopio Bonifacio at Foothills of Mt. Buntis ( Mt
Nakapatong ) by Major Lazaro Macapagal

● Mt Nakapatong - main location of execution of bonifacio’s by shot of gun

Reason of execution
- Treason - actual betrayal of the country
- Sedition - expression of opinion
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Biak na Bato Republic

> Aguinaldo established ( November 1, 1897 ) in Biak na Bato , San Miguel de Mayumo , Bulacan
> He issued a proclamation in July entitled ‘’ To the brave sons of the Philippines ‘’

‘’Truce in Biak na Bato‘’

● Governor general Primo de Rivera
- sent an olive branch of peace to Aguinaldo , he offered to end the fighting on both sides.
- he believe that politician ruined spain

● Dr. Pedro A. Paterno

- a prominent filipino , infamous of being turncoat
- acted as the mediator of peace negotiations
 ‘’ Pack of Biak na Bato’’

- Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries were given amnesty and monetary indemnity by the Spanish government, in
return for which the revolutionary government would go into exile in Hong Kong.
- The pact was signed in San Miguel Bulacan in the house of Pablo Tecson on December 15, 1897.

Failure of the Truce

> The mutual suspicion resulted in armed clashes that started in February.

● Gen. Francisco Makabulos

- He was the Filipino military leader from Tarlac.
- He organized the central executive committee which acted as an independent government.

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Central Executive Committee
● Makabulos Constitution
- The central executive committee was intended to operate temporarily as a government, pending the
establishment of an independent government run by Filipinos.
- It had a constitution popularly known as the makabulos constitution.

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Spanish American War

Factors:
1. Cuban struggle for independence
2. Efforts of the American to extend influence overseas
3. Sinking of the warship maine

February 1895
- Cuba as the colony of Spain revolted against the spaniards.
- The Americans sympathized with the Cubans, who wanted to be liberated from Spain in early 1895 and
commercially the Americans wanted to protect their business investment in cuba.

● Commodore Dewey
- American Admiral military position
- Went to the Philippines together in order to crush the Spanish forces.

● Jose Marti
- Leader of the cubans
- Rejected Spains after of autonomy because they wanted independence

● Enrique Dupuy de Lome

- Spain's ambassadors to the US
- His letter to a friend in cuba was stolen this created s national feeling among the Americans to support ( letter
to the president William) was against Spain.

Manifest Destiny
- A phrase coined in 1845, is the idea that the united states is destined - by god, its advocates believed to expand its
common and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent.
- Belief that the US has the divinely ordained duty to help trouble countries.
 USS Maine

- Docked at Havana harbor:blown up allegedly by the Spaniards in which 266 mendred.

- According to Randulf Hearst, it was actually blown up and sank not by the Spaniards buy by that American spics
stationed in cuba to provoke the war ‘ REMEMBER THE MAINE! TO HELL WITH SPAIN.’

May 1, 1898
- At 5:40am, the American and Spanish forces took arms and battled in manila bay
- In the end, the Americans were victorious.

The Following events occurred upon the arrival of Aguinaldo

1. He established a dictatorial government on May 24, 1898 from the recommendation of his adviser Ambocio
Rianzares Bautista. Aguinaldo then considered it necessary to declare the independence of the Philippines.

2. May 31, 1898. The Filipinos began the siege of Intramuros (Manila)by cutting food and water supply.

3. On June 12, 1898 Aguinaldo declared the Philippines Independence in Kawit, Cavite.

4. June 18, 1898 Aguinaldo issued a decree reorganizing local governments in areas liberated.

5. August 13, 1898 A mock battle between the Spanish and the American occurred, forbidding the participation of Filipino
soldiers. Later Manila was surrendered by Spain to the United states.

6. December 10, 1898 Spain surrendered the Philippines along with Puerto Rico and Guam to the United states.

7. December 21, 1898 President Mckinley issued the Benevolent assimilation Proclamation.

Facts about the Philippine Flag

- The previous design of the current Philippine Flag was conceptualized by Emilio Aguinaldo during his exile in Hong
Kong in 1897. The first Flag was embroidered by Marcela Mariano de Agoncillio, The mother of the Philippine Flag.

“Marcha nacional Filipina”

- Original
- Formerly Marcha Filipina Magdalo by the San Francisco de Malabon marching band as the country's national
Anthem.
- Primera Republica Filipina 1898-1901

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Declaration of Philippine Independence

- Reading of the act of the Declaration of Philippine Independence which was also written by Ambrosio
Rianzares Bautista (adviser of Aguinaldo) from the dictionary to the Revolutionary Government.

- The Philippine flag was first Infuried in the battle of Alapan it was sewed in Hong Kong by Doña Marcela
Mariño Agoncillio, and the niece of Rizal Mrs. Delfina Herbosa de Nativitad.

- Lorenza Agocillio (daughter) , Delfina Herbosa de Nativitad (pamangkin) - embroidered