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 01
Identify the components
of the motherboard;

02
Explore the components
Objectives of internal system unit;
and

03
Appreciate the importance
of learning the components
of motherboard.
 Q&A
•List down the two most important parts
of an internal system unit.
•List down at least six parts oof an internal
system unit.
•How the internal system unit important
to you?
 Components of a
Motherboard and Its
Functions
Speaker:
Mrs. Jonnalyn Apsay, LPT
Ndemi Otieno
CSS Instructor
REVEAL!
MOTHERBOARD
Motherboard
The motherboard is the backbone
that ties the computer's
components together at one spot
and allows them to talk to each
other. Without it, none of the
computer pieces, such as the
CPU, GPU, or hard drive, could
interact.
 Components of a Motherboard

• It processes, stores, and

connects to all parts of the
computer system.
• It is also known as the main
printed circuit board (PCB).
 Motherboard Form and Factors

Pico-ITX is a size
and shape
specification for
very small
computer
motherboards.
Industrial nano-ITX boards Pico-ITX
are extremely small and motherboards are
Mini-ITX is a compact fully-integrated about 3.9 inches by
motherboard configuration motherboards. They have 2.8 inches (10 cm
designed to support very low power by 7.2 mm), making
relatively low-cost consumption and can be them many times
M-ATX is the slightly smaller cousin computers in small spaces used for a number of smaller than the
of ATX, cutting its length by around such as in automobiles, set- different purposes. motherboards
25 percent, to a typical size of 244 x top box es, and network Typically, they’re used in as found in most
244 mm. It supports all of the same the application with desktop
devices. The Mini-ITX can
ATX is an enhanced version of the AT limited space for computer computers. They
processors and graphics cards as also be used in making thin
motherboard that Intel created in the 1990s. such as media controller, often are used in
ATX motherboards, as well as four client computers. medical devices,
Its name means “advanced technology RAM slots, but typically cuts back on custom media
extended,” and its initials stand for “advanced automated test center computers,
a few additional features to help equipment, outdoor
technology.” Unlike AT, it is much more car computers and
compact and enables the associated
save space. environment digital small home
components to be interchanged. signage, IoT gateways, and servers.
more.
 Components of a Motherboard

AT Motherboard - an ATX Motherboard - LPX Motherboard- BTX Motherboard- BTX

AT motherboard is Advanced The low stands for Balanced
a motherboard technology extended, profile extension Technology extended.
which has dimensions of or popularly known as motherboards, BTX was developed to
the order of the ATX, are better known as LPX reduce or avoid some of
some hundred millimeters the motherboards motherboards, were
, big enough to be unable the issues that came
which were produced created after the AT up while using latest
to fit in mini desktops. by the Intel in mid 90’s as boards in the 90’s. technologies. The ATX
The dimensions of an improvement from
this motherboard make standard and the
the previously working m BTX standard, both were
it difficult for the otherboards such as AT.
new drives to get proposed by Intel.
installed.
Components
of a
Motherboard
Components of the Motherboard and Its Function
Instructions: Select an icon. Don’t forget to collect the hints.

Reveal the hints!

 CPU
The CPU or processor has two
main components which are the
control unit (CU) and the
arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The
CU extracts instructions from the
memory and executes them in
order to control input and output
devices while the ALU carries out
the arithmetic and logical
processes.
Hint!
Hint!

Random Access
Memory (RAM)
RAM is the main memory of the
computer system whose main
function is to store data
temporary. It allows data to be
accessed easily by the CPU
based on the fact that data is
accessed randomly (in no specific
order). It also speeds up the
computer’s operations because of
its ability to allow random access
to data.
 Hard Disk Drive
The major storage device of the
computer system is the hard disk
or Hard drive. Unlike the RAM that
stores data temporary, the hard
drive stores information, files and
other documents permanently as
its main function and allows the
retrieval of data but it is non-
Hint! volatile(data is not loss when the
computer goes off.
Computer Fan
During operations by the
computer the CPU produces a lot
of heat and heat could always
cause damage to your computer,
that is why the CPU fan is put in
place to keep the CPU under the
required temperature.
Hint!
Components of a Motherboard
Fan and Heatsink
• is an electronic device
Cooling Fan
that incorporates a
fan and an active
Heat sink
cooling solution to
keep the CPU cool.
 Heatsink
Heatsinks use a thermal
conductor to reduce heat
generated and prevent
overheating from hardware
components like CPU, GPU,
northbridge, southbridge, RAM
modules, etc. In general, that
component that generates heat
required a heatsink.
Components of a Motherboard
Hint!

CD-ROM/DVD-
ROM drives
Compact disc (CD) and digital
versatile disc (DVD) are storage
devices onto which certain
amount of audio files, data and
other computer files can be
stored.
 Power Supply
Unit
The power supply unit (PSU)
converts the mains alternating
current to different direct currents
voltages required by the
computer components. It supplies
power to various components
within the system unit and above
Hint! all, to the attached peripherals.
Memory Module
A broad term used to refer to a series
of dynamic random access memory
integrated circuits modules mounted
on a printed circuit board and designed
for use in personal computers,
workstations and servers.
RAM chip and
RAM slot
RAM is an abbreviation for
Random Access Memory. It is also
known as the main memory. RAM
is a temporary data storage
device found in computers and
other electronic devices. Data
stored in RAM is erased as soon
as the power is turned off.
CPU Chip and
Socket
CPU performs all of the
computer's decision-making
tasks, it is regarded as the brain of
the computer and other
electronic devices. The CPU's
primary function is to carry out
basic arithmetic, logical, and
input/output operations.
Bios Chip or Basic
Input/Output
•It contains a program or code that
helps the processor to interact and
control the other components in the
computer like monitor, printer,
scanner, card reader, speakers,
joystick, microphone, camera, disc
drives, TV/video/sound card, network
cards, USB ports, and hard drives. It
also does the boot process before the
operating systems do its work.
 ROM
ROM is nonvolatile storage whose
content will not get erased even
after power is cut off. Content
stored in ROM is impossible or
very difficult to modify.
Bus/Expansion
Slot
Allow different expansion cards to be
connected inside your computer.

Different Slots:
•ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)
•AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
•PCI (Peripheral Component
Interconnect)
•PCIe (Peripheral Component
Interconnect Express)
•PCIx (Peripheral Component
Interconnect Extended)
PCI Slots and
PCI Chip
PCI stands for Peripheral
Component Interconnected and is
an attached hardware component
of the motherboard that allows
you to connect various hardware
components such as modems,
disk controllers, NIC cards, Sound
Cards, graphics cards, SSD add-
on cards, RAID cards, and extra
USB and serial ports without
having to add or replace the
motherboard.
 AGP Slot
AGP Slot (Accelerated Graphics
Port Slot) is a type of expansion
slot similar to a PCI slot, although
it is mostly used for graphics
cards. Intel was the first to
introduce it in 1996. This
expansion slot is easily
identifiable because it is usually
brown in color.
Network Card
A network card is an expansion
card that allows computers to
communicate over a
computer network. It allows users
to connect to each other either by
using cables or wirelessly.
to networking lesson.
North Bridge
North Bridge is also known as
Memory Controller Hub or Host
Bridge. It is the motherboard's
primary controller, directing traffic
to and from the CPU.
South Bridge
The southbridge is an IC chip that
manages and controls IO
functionality on the motherboard.
It does not have direct
communication with the CPU,
unlike Northbridge. It typically
handles low-speed devices due
to its slower communication
speed.
 PCI Express, PCI
USB
SOUTH
SATA, ATA
BRIDGE Floppy, COM, Keyboard, Mouse
BIOS, & other I/O devices
CPU
NORTH RAM
BRIDGE PCI Video Card
Ethernet
CMOS Backup
Battery
CMOS stands for "Complementary
Metal Oxide Semiconductor".
CMOS stores a variety of system
data such as the current system
clock, date, time, pulses,
commonly used hardware
settings, BIOS configuration
settings, BOOT sequences, BIOS
master/admin password, GPU,
and virtualization settings, power
management, and so on.
Power Supply
Plug
The primary function of the
Motherboard's Power Supply plug
is to supply power to the
Motherboard and its attached
components and peripherals. In
modern PCs, ATX power supply is
provided which is 24 Pin (20 + 4)
Main Power Supply Connector
(Older Pcs only have 20 Pin)
HDD and FDD
Ports
•Also referred to as the drive
interface
•Allows hard disk drive, floppy disk
drives, and optical drives to be
connected to the motherboard via
data cables.

Types of Interfaces:
•IDE (integrated Drive Electronics)
•SATA (Serial Advanced Technology
Attachment)
 References
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