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Portfolio

Corbin Shaffer

2023 Writing
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Table of Contents 2
Branding Statement 3
Resume 4
Speculative Design 13
Speculative Grant 23
Instruction Set 37
Creative Fiction 49

CORBIN SHAFFER PORTFOLIO


BRANDING
STATEMENT
As an accomplished design consultant with a B.A. in English Writing, I
leverage my unique blend of engineering and writing skills to develop
innovative exhibits and communicate complex concepts with ease. With
experience leading a team of engineers and production managers, I excel in
using SolidWorks modeling and prototyping to create engaging exhibits
that are both captivating and visually appealing. Moreover, my
exceptional writing and editing abilities have enabled me to co-author
grammar resources for over 5,000 students and contribute to high-quality
publications such as the Aster Review, Tulsa Review, and American Indian
Literature: An Encyclopedia for Students. Through my technical expertise
and exceptional communication skills, I am able to effectively pitch new
designs and keep teams apprised of my progress. With a passion for
creative problem-solving and a track record of success in both engineering
and writing, I am a highly motivated and adaptable professional who is
eager to make a positive impact on any project.
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Corbin Shaffer
Application Packet
2

Table of Contents
CV: 3-4
Job Call: 5
T-Chart: 6
Resume: 7
Cover Letter: 8
Follow-up Letter: 9
3

CORBIN SHAFFER
Phone: (918) 232-7100 106 W. Mosier St.
Corbinshaffer14@gmail.com Norman, OK 73069

EDUCATION

BA University of Oklahoma Expected 2023


Major: English
GPA: 4.0

AA Tulsa Community College 2021


GPA: 4.0

HSD Broken Arrow High School 2020


GPA: 3.8
Class Rank 37/1152

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Design Consultant, Discovery Lab 2018


 Led a team of 3 in design, production, and assembly of new exhibits for
a young audience based around concepts such as turbulence and wave displacement
 Collaborated with team of engineers and production managers to pitch new designs
and keep team apprised of my progress over a five-month period
 Showcased modeled exhibit in SolidWorks to an executive committee of 7

Writer, University of Oklahoma 2023


 Created abstract for Dr. Weiser’s publication, American Indian and Indigenous
Rhetorics: A Digital Annotated Bibliography
 Edited, proofread, and co-authored on OU grammar packets and resources to be used
by over 5,000 OU students
 Created three encyclopedia entries for American Indian Literature: An Encyclopedia
for Students

WORK EXPERIENCE

American Eagle, Senior Sales Associate 2020-2021


 Led a team of 15 through seasonal shifts of clothing, redressing store, and
maintaining sales quotas
 Participated in weekly meetings with district officials and met daily with managers to
give progress reports and updates on store status
 Created a social media page for Sooner Mall American Eagle that at one point had
over 50 followers within 6 months
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Target, Electronics Sales Associate 2021-2022


 Maintained weekly quotas and pushed shipments of over 300 items daily
 Helped customers with questions on electronics ranging from video game consoles to
smartphones
 Worked consistently a 35-hour work schedule while balancing a 15 hour school
schedule
RELEVANT COURSE WORK

Intro to Creative Writing 2021


 Created 27 new creative writing pieces
 Collaborated and led weekly peer reviews for 15 students, including editing, rewrites,
and written feedback
 Participated in a poetry reading where I received a standing ovation

Creative Writing 2022


 Created, edited, rewrote, and peer reviewed 3 new pieces, 20 pages long each
 Collaborated and led weekly peer reviews for 20 students, including editing, rewrites,
and written feedback

African Politics and Society 2022


 Created and led a 20-minute-long presentation on Burkina Faso to a group of 37
fellow students
 Created a 25-page research paper through independent research, proofreading, and
extensive edits and reworks

PUBLICATIONS

A Broken Stroll Tulsa Review 2020


It’s a Riot! Aster Review 2021

HONORS AND SCHOLARSHIPS

Transfer Academic Excellence Scholarship


Wayne T. & LaFawn Biddle Scholarship
Patty & Roger Clapp Scholarship
Lt. William Scott Scholarship

ADDITIONAL SKILLS

 Proficient in MS Office suite as well as proficiency with MLA and APA styles
 Proficient in Japanese with a score of N3 on the JLPT
 Participated in a nationally recognized marching band, which placed 2nd nationally,
2018
 Scored a 28 on the ACT and a 1270 on the SAT
5
6

Job Qualifications My Experience

Write and edit technical documents including I have written technical documents during my
reference manuals and product manuals time at Tulsa Tech, and have worked on
engineering projects

Writes and edits procedural documents such as For my project for Discovery Labs, I have written
user design and manuals progress reports, blueprints, and design manuals
detailing my exhibit and project

Meets with engineers, programmers, and project At Tulsa Tech I met with engineers including my
managers to learn about specific products or instructor on a weekly basis. I also have given a
processes presentation to an executive board on my overall
progress on my final design project

Assesses the audience needs for whom the In my capstone with Dr. Kurlinkus, I have read
technical and procedural documentation is discussed and began to learn more about
intended, adjusts tone and technical terms used assessing audience needs and have practiced the
to meet those needs and ensure understanding basics of user focused design

Bachelor’s degree in English I will be receiving my bachelor’s degree in English


from the University of Oklahoma in July 2023

Excellent written and grammatical skills Through my coursework such as Write, Edit,
Publish, Creative Writing, and Capstone I have
gained a significant degree of skill in various fields
of writing, editing and grammar

Proficient with Microsoft Office Suite or related I am proficient with MS Office Suite
software
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CORBIN SHAFFER
Phone: (918) 232-7100 106 W. Mosier St.
Corbinshaffer14@gmail.com Norman, OK 73069

EDUCATION

BA University of Oklahoma Expected 2023


Major: English
Specialization on Writing
GPA: 4.0

RELEVANT SKILLS

Engineering: Experience with engineering software such as SolidWorks. Have created


blueprints, progress reports, and technical documentation to be used by mechanical engineers

Writing: Proficient in MLA, APA, and Chicago formats with 4 years of experience with writing,
editing, and publication

Language: Proficient in Japanese with a score of N3 on the JLPT

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Design Consultant, Discovery Lab 2018


 Led a team of 3 in design, production, and assembly of new exhibits for
a young audience based around concepts such as turbulence and wave displacement
 Collaborated with team of engineers and production managers to pitch new designs and
keep team apprised of my progress over a 5-month period
 Showcased modeled exhibit in SolidWorks to an executive committee of 7

Writer, University of Oklahoma 2023


 Created abstract for American Indian and Indigenous Rhetorics: A Digital Annotated
Bibliography
 Edited, proofread, and co-authored on OU grammar packets and resources to be used by
over 5,000 OU students
 Created 3 encyclopedia entries for American Indian Literature: An Encyclopedia for
Students

RELEVANT COURSE WORK

Write, Edit, Publish 2023


 Edited, proofread, and consulted on multiple articles for South Oval Review which would
be distributed to around 1,000 OU students
 Peer reviewed for 15 students over the course of 6 months
 Created and maintained a website with programs such as WordPress
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February 1, 2023

Mr. Russell Spicher


Technical Recruiter at Inceed
1900 NW Expy #1200
Oklahoma City, OK 73118

Mr. Spicher,
I am writing in response to the Technical Writer position in Tulsa, OK that I found listed on Linkedin.com. I
am a senior English major with an emphasis on Writing at the University of Oklahoma and will be graduating
in July of this year. I believe my 2+ years of experience with engineering and design along with my editing
and copywriting work will make me an excellent addition to your team as a technical writer.
During my high school career, I was also concurrently enrolled at Tulsa Tech for 2.5 years. During my time
there I worked collaboratively with mechanical engineers and used programs such as SolidWorks to create
model vehicles, filtration systems, and piping. For my final project, I led a 3-person team and designed,
produced, and assembled a potential new exhibit for Discovery Lab, a science museum focused on explaining
science and engineering to children. During this process I created weekly progress reports, updated blueprints,
and design documents over the course of 6 months on how my exhibit would teach children about concepts
such as wave displacement and turbulence. I also presented my pitch to an executive board of 7 members and
provided further documentation on the cost and materials used to build my exhibit. I believe I would serve as
an asset to your company due to my prior knowledge and experience working with engineers and my success
at translating these skills to the projects, I was a part of.
My experience at OU has further refined my technical writing and editing skills. I have taken courses with the
“grammar queen” of OU, Dr. Kimberly Weiser. During her course, “Write, Edit, Publish”, I made significant
contributions to the resources used by the OU Writing Department. I created an annotated entry for “American
Indian and Indigenous Rhetorics: A Digital Annotated Bibliography”, which is used by over 5,000 graduate
students across OU. I coauthored and edited on grammar packets that would be sent to OU’s Law and Business
colleges. I did both of these tasks while editing for an article on the South Oval Review. I believe these
experiences have developed my technical writing ability and strengthened my grammatical skills to a high
level.
I am interest in interviewing for this position and look forward to discussing my experience with you further. I
can be reached by phone at (918) 232-7100. My email is corbinshaffer14@gmail.com. I will send you a follow
up email by next week to ensure you received my cover letter and resume.

Thank you,
Corbin Shaffer
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Mr. Russell Spicher

Technical Recruiter at Inceed

1900 NW Expy #1200

Oklahoma City, OK 73118

Dear Mr. Spicher,

I am very glad I was able to speak with you last Thursday and am even more grateful for your hospitality

for the lunch afterwards at Tea Café on the Corner. I was very happy to learn that you had not only

visited Discovery Lab in the past but had been on the executive board in 2021. It was also nice to get

more clarification about the work I would be doing with mechanical engineers at Inceed, and how my

experience with SolidWorks and my 2.5 years of design and engineering would help me to transition into

your company. I am excited for the opportunity to work at Inceed and look forward to hearing from you

soon.

Sincerely,

Corbin Shaffer
Project: Speculative
Design
Client: Dr. Will Kurlinkus

Brief: Choose a current idea, problem, or design and create a


statement of need discussing its current problems and the
ramifications this could have in a potential future. Create a
piece of speculative fiction to showcase this potential future and
the ramifications from your statement of need in a dystopian
world.

Completed Project: I created an in depth statement of need


about Elon Musk's company, Neuralink, a brain implant
company that began operation in 2016. The statement of need
provides an analysis of Neuralink's poor track record with
animal testing, lack of functionality, and rejections from the
FDA. I also created a short dystopian fiction piece detailing a
world where brain implants have led to downsides in users such
as memory loss, and detailing the mental decline associated with
that.
Assignment 2
SPECULATIVE DESIGN
Neuralink: Problems in Development
Introduction:
Neuralink is a company founded by Elon Musk in July 2016. According to Neuralink’s website,
the company’s goal is “to build a practical brain-computer interface intended for a wide range of
applications” (Neuralink, 1) with Elon Musk stating the functionality of the product being to
“treat people with intractable conditions such as paralysis and blindness” (Levy/Taylor, 1). This
ambition to treat disabilities is hampered by Neuralink’s FDA rejection and concern about the
product, Elon Musk’s false statements on what Neuralink is capable of, and a rushed
development for Neuralink and its competitors.
Elon Musk:
Elon Musk’s behavior with Neuralink has been worrying due to his false public statements on
the purpose of Neuralink and what it is currently capable of. Despite publicly saying it will be a
medical device, at the November 30th Neuralink “Show and Tell” recruiting seminar, Musk
pitched the device as more of an upgradable consumer piece of tech and stating to this mindset
how “I’m pretty sure you would not want the iPhone 1 stuck in your head if the iPhone 14 is
available” (Gilbert, 1). During this same November showcase “Mr. Musk said plans for his
device included making the blind see and giving someone with a severed spinal cord “full-body
functionality”” despite this not being accurate to the state of the technology (Jewett/Metz, 1).
Musk’s claims are inaccurate due to “the only public demonstration of the technology working is
a 2021 Neuralink presentation of a monkey playing the video game Pong with his mind [which]
was similar to a primate demonstration at Brown University in 2001, though it had a far clunkier
system” (Jewett/Metz, 1). Musk has been making not just false claims on the state of Neuralink’s
progress but also has been lying about Neuralink receiving FDA approval for human testing. In
November 2022, Musk claimed the company would begin clinical trials in Spring 2023 despite
the company “didn’t seek permission from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) until
early 2022 – and the agency rejected the application” (Levy/Taylor, 1).
FDA Concern:
After Neuralink’s FDA rejection for spring 2023 clinical trials, an anonymous employee
speaking to Reuters spoke on how the device was not only rejected but gave the FDA major
concerns. Speaking on Neuralink it was described how “The agency’s major safety concerns
involved the device’s lithium battery; the potential for the implant’s tiny wires to migrate to
other areas of the brain; and questions over whether and how the device can be removed without
damaging brain tissue” (Levy/Taylor, 1). FDA concerns around damage to brain tissue can be
linked to Neuralink’s poor record on animal testing. Neuralink has been actively testing on
animals since 2018 and in a probe from the Department of Agriculture it has been reported that
the company “has killed about 1,500 animals, including more than 280 sheep, pigs and
monkeys” due to botched and rushed testing over the company’s lifetime (Levy, 1). If Neuralink
were to make it to human trials within the next year it has also been stated that the company
would not be testing on able-bodied adults. Cindy Chestek, an associate professor of biomedical
engineering at the University of Michigan who works on restoring functionality similar to what
Neuralink aims stated how when talking about taking the technology to human trials “no one is
talking about implanting able-bodied people” (Jewett/Metz,1). Questions have also been raised
on the ethics of integrating neural links into people that will grow a dependence on them despite
them inevitably being removed during testing. Ian Burkhart used neural software from Blackrock
Neuraltech for seven years that allowed him to move his fingers despite experiencing full arm
paralysis. When the device was removed, Burkhart stated how he “felt a sense of loss” without
the implant and is hopeful he will be able to receive another implant on the unscarred hemisphere
of his brain; stating how “there’s some virgin territory that could be useful” (Gilbert, 1). This use
of vulnerable groups has not been challenged yet as Neuralink still allows anyone to sign up for
their patient registry on their website if they would like to be part of their human trials.
Competition:
Neuralink has also gained competition as through Elon Musk similar companies have garnered
significant public attention and interest in this field of brain integrated chips. This increase in
attention and funding has caused a rush to be the first to market both within Neuralink and its
competitors. Marcus Gerhardt, the chief executive of Blackrock Neuraltech, remarked on how he
worries Neuralink “may try things that the FDA may disapprove of” in order to be first to market
and says how “if anyone behaves in an irresponsible manner it can put the field back decades”
(Gilbert, 1). This rushing through development and clinical trials has even been stated as a
selling point by Neuralink’s competitors with one competitor, Paradromics, stating how

“Paradromics lacks the deep pockets behind Neuralink, the company presses a different

advantage: speed” and are pushing to be the first commercially available implant (Gilbert, 1).
Like Neuralink, these companies marketing is deceptive as while they market themselves as a
medical device/company their true goal is a more commercial or even military product. Daniel
Gilbert writes for the Washington Post about such issues:
At a recent cocktail party in a D.C. hotel, top executives of five rival brain-tech companies
mingled and talked shop while dining on garlic-studded leg of lamb and parmesan truffle
potatoes. They had come to present at a Commerce Department conference on Feb. 16 seeking
information on whether brain-computer technology could give the United States or adversaries a
military or intelligence advantage, as regulators weigh restricting exports. (Gilbert, 1)
Conclusion:
In order to prevent additional harm to vulnerable groups such as those with disabilities, neural
conditions, or other ailments, it is imperative that Neuralink and similar technology be put to the
highest standard and put through more rigorous trials before being allowed to begin human trials.
The rushed testing, poor management, and lack of real progress make it clear that Neuralink is
not ready for the commercial market and companies such as Neuralink need to be held to a
higher standard by the FDA and other protective bodies in order to protect consumers from a
rushed and poorly integrated product that could lead to death and injury.
Work Cited

Gilbert, Daniel. “The Race to Beat Elon Musk to Put Chips in People's Brains.” The Washington
Post, WP Company, 3 Mar. 2023,
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/03/03/brain-chips-paradromics-synchron/.

Jewett, Christina, and Cade Metz. “Elon Musk Hopes to Test a Brain Implant in Humans next
Year.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 1 Dec. 2022,
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/30/health/elon-musk-neuralink-brain-device.html.

Levy, Rachael, and Marisa Taylor. “U.S. Regulators Rejected Elon Musk's Bid to Test Brain
Chips in Humans.” Reuters, Reuters, 2 Mar. 2023,
https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/neuralink-musk-fda/.

Levy, Rachael. “Exclusive: Musk's Neuralink Faces Federal Probe, Employee Backlash over
Animal Tests.” Reuters, Reuters, 6 Dec. 2022, https://www.reuters.com/technology/musks-
neuralink-faces-federal-probe-employee-backlash-over-animal-tests-2022-12-05/.

“Science.” Neuralink, Neuralink, 2023, https://neuralink.com/science/.


Taste of Metal
The top of my skull itched as they dragged me from my room in the bowels of the facility. Each step
jostled the borehole drilled into my head, begging to be scratched as I lightly swayed with the movement
of my limp body. Each step they dragged me further towards the light of an unknown safety. I didn’t even
remember how long I had been left in that empty cell. Each day stretched on to eternity as they continued
to run their tests. Endless, mindless, never-ending tests. Always with the same questions that I can’t
answer.
“How long have you been here?”
“Do you remember anything about your time before you came to our facility?”
“What did you do for work?”
“Do you have any relatives?”
How am I supposed to know? I see the same concrete walls day in and day out. I’m starting to believe this
is hell and this is my punishment for some crime I can’t remember. That would be a laugh, wouldn’t it?
Well, I guess when you’re not living it it’s a lot more amusing. Still, it’s all I could think about as they sat
me down in a cold metal chair, opposite a thick glass barrier. Through it, I saw an angel.
Her eyes shone through the warped glass barrier clear as crystal. They were bright pools of blue that
spilled onto small black beaches of eyeliner. She was like a sign from God compared to the cold steel that
surrounded her. She didn’t say a word as I felt my skull begin to compress and a chill was sent racing
through my body. My ears began to ring as I trembled under the immense pressure in my head. Each
second, the ringing grew louder and louder until it felt like someone had sent an ice pick up my nostrils
and given me a lobotomy. I tried to look at her for help, but I didn’t even know who she was or why she
was tormenting me. I needed her name; I needed help but all I could do was silently struggle as I felt the
cold hand of fear start to bring me to a panic. I was choking now; shaking head to toe as I felt a single
word tumble from my mouth.
“Delilah”
The noise stopped. I was left alone from the torment that had forced the name from my lips. I looked at
her again and saw she had a faint smile like she was consoling a child.
“Jack”
She seemed worried at my pained expression. Beneath the gray metal desk, she pulled out a small black
square. It was miniscule, not that much bigger than a domino. With a click I felt the whirring begin again.
Her eyes were watery as she spoke.
“Do you remember me?”
I forced myself to look up against the strain of the racket going on behind my eyes. Her white cardigan
was bleeding spots of blue. The simple sleeves were falling away as they blended like patchwork with a
flowing blue dress. Her hair waved like grain as a crown emerged from her hair. Dazzling crystal earrings
wavered like afterimages underneath her earlobes. Iron and nickel coated the taste of the words I spoke.
“Prom Queen. 2030. Dorian High School. Boston, Massachusetts.”
Her eyes wavered on the point of tears.
“Think, what else?”
I was on the verge of vomiting. All I could hear was sharp ringing as my equilibrium spun.
“I don’t. I can’t feel anything.”
Suddenly it stopped. I stared up my tormentor to see her head in her hands sobbing. Her immaculate red
nails phased through the melting crown on her head. I looked down at my own clothes and was startled to
see my red jumpsuit had become a patchwork of vibrant red splotches mixed with the dark black matte of
a crisply tailored suit. Then it hit me. A rush of nostalgia and longing as I felt myself tossed back into the
endless void of my own soul.

“Delilah. It’s me honey. I’m here.”
I peeked from behind my hands. I could see a warm smile echoing from his gaunt, stubbled face. I still
could only bring myself to peek at the cold green metal buried into his left temple. It had finally clicked to
a stop as a ring of dark red blood formed around its exterior. A doctor behind him scribbled endlessly
down on a notepad with each new movement. Slowly, I raised my head while tears poured like small
waterfalls down my cheeks to match the blood trickling from Jack’s temple.
He spoke, “It’s so good to see you again darling.”
His eyes were misted over. A grey fog rolled across and blurred the movement of his eyes, as if they were
lost at sea but it didn’t matter. I could tell he was finally here.
I said, “Well, how have you been?”
He laughed before breaking into racked coughs before he could choke out, “I’ve been better. It’s a bit
weird having to fight against my own body but I think I’m managing well enough.”
“How long are they planning to keep you here?”
He frowned, “I’m not sure or really, I can’t remember.”
I was getting nervous, “They still don’t know what’s wrong with it?”
He contemplated my question behind his milky eyes. After a moment he glanced at the metal insert and
said “When this piece of shit works it’s like nothing has changed. Without it, it’s like I died and someone
else took over.
He looked like a scared child as he said, “I feel lost.”
“Lost? Honey, you’re here. We will fix you. I promise I’m not going to give up until you can come
home.”
He gave a brief smile. The same smile I could recall from every photo at home. The same smile that had
been ripped away from me too many times.
“Do you remember when my grandma went through this?”
His eyes stared into me. The gray irises peaked through the fog before being submerged behind the milky
white once again.
“Yes, I remember. What does that have to do with anything?”
He rapped his knuckles against the table as he spoke; each word echoing against the metal as he softly
said, “I just wonder if she would have done this. Maybe, I’m just fighting against the inevitable.”
I watched as he stared at his knuckles as I said, “Do you remember our home in Washington?”
He flicked his eyes up in confusion.
“You were so happy when we moved there. Every day you were insistent that we take a walk or a hike.
My god, it was exhausting.”
He laughed, “Well, when you live in one of the last few states with real trees still standing you need to
take advantage of it.”
“Well, sometimes you need to listen to your wife and stay inside when its 10 degrees outside.”
“We had jackets!”
“We had hoodies, Jack. Hoodies.”
We both laughed but the splinter was haunting my vision. I could cherish these moments with him but
every time I tried to forget about it I could see the cool green peeking in at the corner of my vision. The
cold metal splinter that haunted my memory. I couldn’t even look at my photos of him at home anymore.
Each one was just a reminder of when it wasn’t there.
He was stills staring at his knuckles as he spoke, “Do you remember when we first met?”
“Of course, it was-“
He burst into a fit of laughter before I could even finish.
“No! That’s not even true!”
I felt the dread I pushed momentarily away begin to creep back over me.
“Jack? Are you-“
He looked up at me and said, “Of course I remember! I was there.”
His eyes stared past me; two gray circles buried behind an ocean of white. The ghosts of his memories
taking him back into the abyss.
I watched his body lock in place as his jaw mechanically spat out the words,
“System resync required. Please hold.”
He started trembling with each word. His metal shard blinking rapidly as it tried to reset his memory
cycle. He tore his head up to look at me with a look of true panic as he spat out his next few words.

“Who are you? Why can’t you just leave me alone?”
The woman looked unnerved and upset but I was tired of being used. Everyone just uses me, constantly
using me and for what? No one would tell me anything.
Her eyes revealed she was afraid as she said “Jack, please stay calm. I’m going to-“
I slammed my hand against the glass, screaming “Do what? Torture me? String me up for your
amusement? Zap me again and again because I can’t answer your stupid fucking questions? I’m not your
lab rat, I’m a human being. Please, just leave me alone.”
She slowly raised up the black remote, her hand trembling as she did so. A few tears began to fall as she
said, “Please just let me see him again.”
I started to slam myself against the mirror, trying desperately to break through and grab the remote. When
it seemed hopeless, I slammed myself against the chair screaming to be taken away. Soon I got my wish
as I felt the guard’s sedatives rush through my blood stream and I was given a chance to go back to the
momentary peace of sleep. It was always the same dream. A cloudy beach, pine trees, and a woman
swimming in the ocean. It felt so nice to be there.
Artist Statement
I was inspired to write my story about Neuralink due to a hatred and distrust of the technology
and a deep hatred of the company’s CEO, Elon Musk. I do believe that this technology is
advantageous in the long run and can be used to help people with disabilities, but the current
state of the technology is still at least 20 years out from being a viable consumer option. I also
find it distasteful and horrifying that companies such as Neuralink are willing to rush their
products to human testing without understanding the implications of how that can affect a person
so I chose to explore that in my story.
I chose to put my story about 50 years in the future with the idea that this technology could be
used to help those suffering from memory loss if it is successful at helping those with paralysis.
The reason I chose this memory loss angle is because my grandmother was affected by memory
loss due to cancer. By the end of her life, she had completely forgotten everyone in her life
except for one daughter. I also have an uncle who is currently suffering from trauma induced
memory loss. My goal was to create awareness for the effects that messing with someone’s
memory can have on a person. I tried to show Jack suffering not just from memory loss but
feeling tortured by people constantly testing and questioning him. I feel this will be a reality
when it comes to Neuralink as I feel it is inevitable that patients for it will undergo invasive and
excessive tests in the name of profit.
At first, I was going to have a larger story with Jack talking to multiple people and undergoing
the first few stages of memory loss but felt it would be more impactful if I made it a one-on-one
conversation and had him fully experiencing memory loss. I hope that with this piece I am able
to disturb and move my audience to understand the painful and harrowing journey that is
memory loss and move people to hold companies like Neuralink to a higher standard than they
currently are operating at.
Project: Speculative Grant
Client: Dr. Will Kurlinkus

Brief: Create a feasible local solution to the problems discussed in the


speculative design. With this solution, create a grant that will support a
local area or community and address the problems showcased in the
speculative design's statement of need.

Completed Project: I created a grant proposal for the Anne & Irving
Brodsky Innovation Grant in order to gain funding to create a memory
loss support group in Norman, Oklahoma. The grant details funding,
personnel, and a 15 month plan for creating a 10 person memory loss
support group at Brookdale Norman. The grant proposal also contains a
statement of need detailing the ongoing crisis in Oklahoma with memory
loss and the financial and emotional cost it has on Oklahomans.
Shaffer 1

ANNE & IRVING BRODSKY INNOVATION GRANT APPLICATION

PROJECT DIRECTOR

Corbin Shaffer

Student, English Writing

106 W. Mosier St.


Norman, OK 73069

INSTITUTION
Brookdale Norman

Norman, OK UNITED STATES

APPLICATION INFORMATION

Title: Creating Memory Loss Support Groups in Norman, Oklahoma

Grant Period: From 5/01/2023 to 8/01/2024


Project Description: Memory loss is an increasingly common issue in the United States, with 5% of people aged 65 to 74,
13.1% of people aged 75 to 84, and 33.3% of people aged 85 or older suffering from Alzheimer’s, dementia, or other
degenerative brain diseases.i In Oklahoma, this problem is even worse with a report from the Alzheimer’s Association reporting
that 14% of Oklahomans aged 45 and over said that they suffered from a form of memory loss and 50% of those surveyed had
not spoken to a health care provider or medical professional about their condition. ii This is only compounded by a report from the
Oklahoma State Chamber Research Foundation which ranked Oklahoma as 46 th in the nation in health services, 47th for health
insurance coverage, and 43rd for population health outcomes.iii In order to help alleviate the burden of memory loss in Oklahoma,
I plan to create memory loss support groups starting in Norman, Oklahoma and beginning with a test group at the Brookdale
Norman senior living facility.iv This program will begin in March 2023, and use volunteers from the Brookdale Norman
retirement community to begin a network of support in a smaller, isolate suburb of Oklahoma with a group that has not had
access to this type of health service before. Similar programs have been shown to have great success with participants stating the
support groups have caused significant reductions of depressive symptoms and behavior problems, improved family
communication, and increased self-efficacy. v As someone who has lost both an uncle and grandmother to Alzheimer’s and as a
native Oklahoma resident; me and my team are in a unique position to create a support system and health service for fellow
Oklahoma residents who have not had access to a similar program using the $96,000 dollars from this grant.

BUDGET

Outright Request: $96,000 Total Request: $96,000


Shaffer 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents 2

Abstract 3

Statement of Need 4

Goals and Objectives 5

Logic Model 6

Plan of Work 7

Plan of Sustainability 9

Project Evaluation 9

Budget and Justification 11

Timeline 12

Work Cited 13
Shaffer 3

Abstract
Memory loss is an increasingly common issue in the United States with 5% of people aged 65 to 74, 13.1% of
people aged 75 to 84, and 33.3% of people aged 85 or older suffering from Alzheimer’s, dementia, or other degenerative
brain diseases.vi In Oklahoma, this problem is even worse with a report from the Alzheimer’s Association reporting that
14% of Oklahomans aged 45 and over said that they suffered from a form of memory loss and 50% of those surveyed had
not spoken to a health care provider or medical professional about their condition. vii This is only compounded by a report
from the Oklahoma State Chamber Research Foundation which ranked Oklahoma as 46 th in the nation in health services,
47th for health insurance coverage, and 43rd for population health outcomes.viii In order to help alleviate the burden of
memory loss in Oklahoma, I plan to create memory loss support groups in Norman, Oklahoma beginning with a test group
at the Brookdale Norman senior living facility.ix This program will begin in March 2023, and use volunteers from the
Brookdale Norman retirement community to begin a network of support in a smaller, isolate suburb of Oklahoma with a
group that has not had access to this type of health service before. Similar programs have been shown to have great success
with participants stating the support groups have caused significant reductions of depressive symptoms and behavior
problems, improved family communication, and increased self-efficacy.x As someone who has lost both an uncle and
grandmother to Alzheimer’s and as a native Oklahoma resident, me and my team are in a unique position to create a
support system and health service for fellow Oklahoma residents who have not had access to a similar program using the
$96,000 dollars from this grant.
Shaffer 4

Statement of Need
Introduction

On February 6, 2015, my grandmother passed away due to complications from Alzheimer’s disease and watching her
struggle through that process has greatly affected me. I had to watch as someone I deeply cherished and loved, lost every
memory and connection to people she had loved her entire life. It took a deep strain on my family as we joined the 135,000
family caregivers in Oklahoma who must help their loved ones deal with Alzheimer’s.xi Oklahomans have given over 164
million hours of unpaid care to their loved ones suffering from Alzheimer’s which the Alzheimer’s Association estimates at
an unpaid value of $2.6 billion dollarsxii, while a report from Oklahoma’s Healthy Brain Initiative estimates the cost will
rise with care for Alzheimer’s costing Americans as a whole by 2050 over $1.1 trillion dollars.xiii Despite this financial
burden Oklahomans suffering from Alzheimer’s or other degenerative brain conditions have few options for support; with
the only location providing in-depth care specifically for these conditions being the Oklahoma Dementia Care Network in
Oklahoma City which can be a financial and time burden for individuals to reach on a consistent basis especially if they do
not live near this centerxiv Oklahomans suffering from degenerative brain conditions are suffering due to a lack of state
resources for their conditions and an overreliance on family care instead of professional medical care.

State Resources
Oklahoma has provided few resources or state funding for Oklahomans suffering from degenerative brain conditions with
the only exceptions being the 2016 Oklahoma Alzheimer’s State Planxv and the 2018-2023 Oklahoma Healthy Brain
Initiative.xvi The Oklahoma Alzheimer’s State Plan was in development since 2009 and launched in 2016 with the goal of
providing additional state funding to provide for professional medical caregiving for Oklahomans suffering from
Alzheimer’s.xvii This program was unable to gain any success as it was replaced by the Oklahoma Healthy Brain Initiative
in 2018 which was a state funded public information campaign that did not provide any direct funding for professional
medical caregiving and was only intended to promote Oklahoman education on Alzheimer’s and other degenerative brain
conditions.xviii Oklahoma retracted state funding for care for Alzheimer’s patients despite CDC reporting that average per-
person Medicare spending for those with Alzheimer’s and other dementias is more than 3 times higher than average per-
person spending with Medicaid payments being 23 times higher.xix Oklahoma’s Healthy Brain Initiative also states that the
state wants to partner and promote Alzheimer’s care in existing retirement facilities with no plans to change their existing
style of care or to evaluate the current state of care which is lacking. xx In Fergus I.M. Craik, James M. Swanson, and Mark
Byrd’s study “Patterns of Memory Loss in Three Elderly Samples” one of the elderly samples was from an isolated senior
care facility with the members from this facility showing little cognitive or physical care resulting in the group rapidly
deteriorating physically and mentally and having low verbal ability.xxi Oklahoma does not have also any state regulation on
the type or quality of care that patients with degenerative conditions will receive at senior care facilities with the Oklahoma
State Department of Health only requiring an individual written plan of care and annual psychological and health
evaluations with no substantial regulation on daily individual care. xxii Despite these problems Oklahoma is planning to
continue the Healthy Brain Initiative through 2023, while meetings to discuss the next road map for the plan started June 7-
8 of 2022.xxiii

Family Care
Due to Oklahoma’s lack of state resources for those suffering from Alzheimer’s, individuals suffering from these
conditions must rely on family care during their cognitive decline which can lead to complications and stress. 135,000
Oklahomans serve as the primary care official for someone with Alzheimer’sxxiv with 57% having done so for at least four
years.xxv According to the Alzheimer’s Association, individual care givers can suffer from depression, stress, burnout, and
high levels of anxiety due to the strain of caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s.xxvi These issues are only compounded by
the financial burden that caregivers take on as well, with AARP and The Oklahoman reporting that Oklahomans spend
$7,242 annually on caregiving expenses or 26% of their household income with an additional 17% going to medical
expenses.xxvii Despite these setbacks, the Healthy Brain Initiative does not provide funding for individual care givers which
can lead to financial hardship not just for the caregiver but for the patient as well. xxviii This has led to financial hardship
with 47% of caregivers reporting that they have experienced at least one financial hardship while a family caregiver.xxix
While a federal bill, the Credit for Care Act has been introduced in 2021 to alleviate this financial burden in the form of a
$5,000 tax credit for eligible families, it has not as of 2023 been put to a vote and Oklahoma has not introduced any similar
state legislation.xxx

Conclusion
Oklahoma has not provided adequate funding, legislation, or attention to Oklahomans suffering from Alzheimer’s or
similar degenerative brain conditions despite it being an issue that affects 67,000 Oklahomans.xxxi In order to create a better
state for those with degenerative brain conditions, it is vital that Oklahoma take legislative and financial steps to alleviate
the individual burden of care and to increase funding for professional medical care of degenerative brain conditions.
Shaffer 5

Goals:
 To inform Oklahomans on the detrimental effects of memory loss.

 To raise awareness for the burden of caregiving for those with degenerative brain conditions.

 To improve relationships between caregivers and patients through a support group network.

 To provide relief to Oklahoma caregivers through a support group network of fellow caregivers.

 To increase happiness and wellbeing for caregivers and patients through support group network.

 Develop a network of healthcare providers and community organizations to direct individuals to memory loss support
groups.

 Provide educational resources to support group participants.

 Create a sustainable system for additional memory loss support groups in Oklahoma.

Objectives:

 By May 2023 or within the first month of establishing the support group recruit ten individuals to attend the first
meeting.

 By July 2023, or within the first three months of establishing the support group, establish an ongoing system for
monitoring and evaluating support group effectiveness through bi-weekly surveys and individual interviews before
support group meetings.

 By July 2023 or within the first three months of establishing the support group, establish relationships with at least 5 of
patient’s healthcare providers and 2 community organizations such as the Alzheimer’s Association or Oklahoma
Dementia Care Network.

 By December 2023, provide members of support group with at least 3 educational resources (pamphlets,
documentation on condition, info on additional helplines).

 By February 2024, create a sustainable funding venue for support groups either through individual donations,
Brookdale Norman support, or additional grant funding such as the 2024 Alzheimer’s Association ALZ Discovery
Grant Program.

 To see a 60% increase in caregiver wellbeing by the end of support group in September 2024 through survey and
interview results.

 To see a 50% increase in patient wellbeing by end of support group in September 2024 through survey and interview
results.

 To expand support group system to Moore by 2025 after Norman project completion in September 2024.

 To expand support group to neighboring cities such as Mustang or Edmond by 2027 after Norman and Moore project
completion.

 To create a functioning website for caregivers, Oklahomans suffering from degenerative brain conditions, and family
members wishing to become informed on conditions.
Shaffer 6

Assess
Grant community need
Interview Create community
for memory loss 60% caregiver
Funding support group
support group outreach through
participants wellbeing increase multiple support
Created website to
Dedicated raise community groups in Mustang,
Team of awareness and Moore, and Norman
Establish Begin support 50% increase in wellbeing and increase awareness
Volunteers meeting time and group sessions patient wellbeing through Alzheimer’s
locations for after support group Association
Meeting support group
Space and Gain additional
Establish surveys
Materials funding from Increase Oklahoman
to monitor
Establish Establish awareness of
participants Alzheimer’s
Marketing guidelines and relationships with degenerative brain
Association
activities for 2 community conditions
and group groups
Outreach Encourage group Expand program to
participation Moore by 2025
Materials Begin community Provide support Expand program to
outreach and group with
Collect bi-weekly Mustang by 2027
involvement educational
surveys and final
resources
survey
Advertise support
group through
social media
Shaffer 7

Plan of Work

Pre-Planning Stage:
Team Assembly:

The first step in pre-planning is to assemble a team that can facilitate and work directly with our 10-person support group at
Brookdale Norman. For this task I wish to recruit two Geriatricians who would be able to directly work with and understand the
needs of our elderly test group. I am planning to reach out to Dr. Chad Stuckey and Dr. Parul Jindal who are highly qualified
Geriatricians with a specialization in Alzheimer’s and Dementia care. They also have offices and are practicing in the Oklahoma
City area, putting them only 20-25 minutes away from our test site at Brookdale Norman. I am also planning to contact the
Oklahoma Chapter of the Alzheimer’s Association due to their experience working directly with the Oklahoma State Department
of Health on Alzheimer’s legislation and the in-depth knowledge they have about degenerative brain conditions and the effects
they have on caregiver networks.

With this team I hope to be able to replace the singular focus of the family caregiver and replace them in our test group with Dr.
Chad Stuckey and Dr. Parul Jindal as the support system, as I would believe they would be more effective due to their
specialization in treating those with Alzheimer’s and due to research from Dr. Hsin Chu’s study, “The Effects of a Support Group
on Dementia Caregivers’ Burden and Depression” finding that when intervening with family caregivers and replacing them with
medical professionals, family caregivers reported it helped caregivers’ emotional well-being, provided them with professional
information on Alzheimer’s care, and helped them to establish a social support network of their own.xxxii

Interviews:
Starting in May 2023, our team plans to meet at Brookdale Norman at least twice a month until December of 2023 to conduct
one-on-one interviews with potential members of our memory loss support group. This will allow us to understand the individual
needs of each patient at Brookdale and to see their progression and problems individually with Alzheimer’s or similar
degenerative brain conditions. This will also allow these individuals access to a certified geriatrician through Dr. Chad Stuckey
and Dr. Parul Jindal which they would not have been able to access at their facility or possibly not been able to commute to
Oklahoma City.

These interviews will also allow us to see individual patients’ support systems and allow us to build trust with their family
caregivers and to help alleviate their burden through these interview sessions. A similar interview process has shown to be
successful in a 2021 trial from Eastern Michigan University that showed that bi-weekly interviews alleviated caregiver burden
and improved overall quality of life for both caregiver and patient. xxxiii We also plan to use these interviews to provide caregivers
with the “2023 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures” pamphlet from the Alzheimer’s Association and details on their helpline
and location for the Association’s Oklahoma Chapter in Oklahoma City in case they need additional direct support. These steps
are invaluable in building individual trust and allowing patients to feel comfortable regularly attending and sharing at our first
support group meeting in December 2023.

Survey Creation:
During the pre-planning, my team will create two feedback surveys, one of which will be given to participants after each
meeting, and another will be given after the conclusion of our 10-month test run. The first survey will include questions such as
“How are you feeling after this meeting?” and “Have your feelings changed since last meeting? Please describe in detail”. These
questions will allow us to change sessions if participants are reporting negative changes after session 2 in order to better suit the
needs of our test group. The second survey will be targeted specifically to caregivers and include questions such as “How do you
feel after attending this support group?” and will allow us to gain research into our case study on caregiver burden and gain direct
feedback from participants about if their quality of life or caregiver burden have improved since the support group. This survey
will be given during the last meeting of our test group in September 2024.

Program in Action:

Dress Meeting:
We plan to conduct a test meeting two weeks before our first official meeting in December 2023. This will allow us to practice
for complications that could arise during the official meeting such as a patient suffering from a panic attack, complications from
their condition, or other stress factors such as an unfamiliar person. We plan to alleviate this through the one-on-one interviews as
it allows us to build a level of familiarity with each patient, but we will also communicate with Brookdale Staff members and
invite them to attend as well as situate patients directly next to their family caregivers in our first meetings. We will have both Dr.
Shaffer 8

Stuckey and Dr. Jindal present to go over any concerns they have before the first meeting, giving us two weeks to correct any
problems with the location or concerns among participants.

Meetings:
We will conduct our first official meeting in December 2023 at Brookdale Norman which will allow residents to attend with ease
and if they decide to not participate it will not cause a transportation burden on their caregivers. The first support meeting will be
led by Dr. Stuckey and Dr. Jindal and will go over introductions, concerns, and general thoughts and will be 40-50 minutes in
length. We plan to have both patients and their caregivers introduce themselves in order to give caregivers a more equal platform
and to encourage them to be part of the process. After the introduction of each participant and their caregiver, Dr. Stuckey will
ask each member of the group, patient and caregiver, to discuss how they are currently feeling and the current problems they are
facing this week due to their condition. Participants will not be required to answer, and they will be allowed to leave at any time
in order to ensure they are as comfortable as possible when they are discussing these issues. If not, both caregivers and staff
members will be present to help individuals out of the group if they feel it is necessary to do so. After each member discusses
their current issues, we will have the group discuss their general thoughts on the first meeting and if they have any problems with
the process. My team will take written and verbal feedback from each participant and allow them to leave afterwards or continue
talking among themselves for 5-10 minutes. We also plan to provide information packets directly from the Alzheimer’s
Association after the session and give contact cards for their Oklahoma Chapter to each participant if they wish.

The second meeting will follow a similar format but instead of the introduction we plan to ask participants how they have been
since the last session. This will allow us to gain verbal confirmation if our system is working and provide additional verbal
feedback in addition to the survey after each meeting. After this new introduction and the general concerns segment, we plan to
split the group in two with Dr. Jindal leading the patient group and Dr. Stuckey leading the caregiver group in order to allow
participants to more directly discuss their problems with a group of similar individuals. This week is the most important for staff
attendance due to the brief separation from a caregiver and we will have both staff and caregivers informed during interviews and
reminded in week one of the changes that will occur in week two. After splitting into separate groups, we will have each group
talk to each other about their concerns either as caregivers or patients which has been shown in a study from Geriatric Nursing
that discussions between caregivers has been shown to decrease caregivers emotional and social burden after group intervention
and to give caregivers an increased knowledge of symptoms and coping mechanisms for degenerative brain diseases. xxxiv After 15
minutes of discussion we will have groups reconvene and continue the format of meeting one by finishing with general thoughts
then having participants complete a survey to end the meeting. Further meetings will follow this format and be 50-60 minutes to
include the split group discussion segment. Meetings will continue in this bi-weekly format through September 2024 unless
survey feedback indicates new formatting or commitment issues; in which case feedback will be noted and worked into our plan
with meetings being reduced to a monthly basis.

Post-Planning:

Final Survey:
In September of 2024 after our final group meeting, we will give caregivers the final survey that we had prepared in our
preplanning stage. Instead of having them fill out the survey at the end of the session we plan to have them fill it out during their
individual discussion time so we can gain their feedback over the session while also having them fill out the bi-weekly progress
survey as well. We hope that through the interview series before the support group meetings in addition with the ten-month bi-
weekly meetings will allow us to see a positive result as found in the REACH Multisite Initiative interventions which found that
12 months was when caregivers reported increased levels of happiness and lower levels of depression compared to minimal
growth in 8- and 10-month surveys.xxxv After these surveys are collected from caregivers and individual surveys are collected at
the end of the session, Dr. Jindal and Dr. Stuckey will compile the results and compare surveys to see if caregivers and patients
have experienced a positive correlation with attendance of the support group. We will then allow the support group to continue
after our intervention as we move to further projects.

Post-Meetings:
My team will meet after the conclusion of the last support group; meeting bi-weekly at the offices of the Oklahoma Chapter of
the Alzheimer’s Association in Oklahoma City to discuss results and draw up plans for the continuation of the support group both
in Norman and for expansion to neighboring cities. All those who would like to continue the program will be allowed to stay and
we will focus on recruitment for our next support group with a focus being put on recruitment directly from the Alzheimer’s
Association as their help would be beneficial due to their direct knowledge of Alzheimer’s and its effects on Oklahoma residents.
Shaffer 9

Plan of Sustainability:
In order to sustain the memory loss support group we have created and to hopefully expand the project we will compile our
results and data from the bi-weekly and final surveys we have collected and reflect on how to progress the project forward. Our
expansion plan includes creating a similar support group at Featherstone Assisted Living in Moore which will be advantageous as
is it is still about 20-25 minutes from Oklahoma City but only 10 minutes from Norman allowing for easy expansion and similar
methods to be used in the next group. We plan to run a similar program of a six-month interview series then a ten-month trial
support group with our resources. After repeating this process and finding similar results, we wish to expand our project within
three years to neighboring towns such as Edmond, Newcastle or Mustang. Within ten years we hope to expand our project to
encompass all neighboring towns to the Oklahoma City area and to create support groups both individually but with additional
support from the Oklahoma Chapter of the Alzheimer’s Association in running these additional groups with a larger scope.

Project Evaluation:
Evaluation of the success of this project will be based on the bi-weekly surveys distributed to all participants of the support group
and the final surveys given to the caregivers at the end of the support group. Success will be seen in the effects of the support
group on care givers and patients after the support group and if their survey responses are positive. We will also be sending our
survey results to the Oklahoma Chapter of the Alzheimer’s Association and the Oklahoma State Department of Health for
additional feedback and evaluation on our survey results.

We also plan to expand our bi-weekly meetings to allow for additional family members and staff to attend and allow full-time
caregivers to focus on recovery during support group sessions. Staff members will be important for keeping patients calm during
support groups sessions as well as family members who will have intimate knowledge of patients and caregivers and can help
both adjust accordingly. This will allow us to also gain additional considerations for how effective our support groups meetings
are by gaining an outside perspective as additional members participate in the group.

Bi-weekly surveys and final surveys will provide feedback on how the current program system is running and additional changes
need to be made. If attendance begins to dip below 60% or feedback surveys show a decline in members health or wellbeing our
group will consult, and redirect group sessions based on participant feedback.

Deliverables:
This project will produce a research paper, surveys that can be replicated for similar support groups, and a website.

 Website: Website will contain info on ongoing support group at Brookdale Norman and provide links to our research
and survey packets. Website will also include links to additional information on degenerative brain conditions with
links to the Oklahoma Chapter of the Alzheimer’s Association, Oklahoma Dementia Care Network, OU Health, and the
Oklahoma State Department of Health for direct help for those suffering with these conditions.
 Surveys: The support group team will provide our survey kits to those wishing to create additional support groups.
These survey kits will include the bi-weekly survey questions, the final survey questions as well as a packet on
interview questions participants can use. We will also include a packet related to how to best use survey questions and
how to deal with patients suffering from Alzheimer’s in order to prevent interviewers from upsetting interviewees or
caregivers.
 Research: Our research will be compiled by Dr. Jindal and Dr. Stuckey into a research paper based on our collected
survey data in order to contribute to ongoing research on the effects of support groups for those suffering from
degenerative brain conditions and their caregivers.

Dissemination:
The support group team will use a variety of methods in order to showcase our ongoing work including our website, social
media, direct meetings, and word of mouth.

 Social Media: We plan to elect a social media correspondent in order to spread awareness in the Norman area about
our support group program. With participants’ permission we will showcase members of the support group and
showcase their progress on social media in order to raise awareness. We will also spread links to Oklahoma affiliated
groups such as the Alzheimer’s Association.
 Website: We will create a website containing info from our support group, resources regarding degenerative brain
conditions, and our research and surveys that can be sued by individuals wishing to start their own group.
 Direct Meetings: Our team plans to attend the monthly open house meetings of the Oklahoma Chapter of the
Alzheimer’s Association starting in July of 2023 in order to raise awareness for our project and to keep the community
informed on its ongoing progress.
Shaffer 10

 Word-of-Mouth: Due to our open policy to staff and family attendance, these people will be able to spread information
and stories relating to their experience with the Brookdale Norman support group and the positive response they have
associated with it. They may recommend further test sites or individuals who could join the team.
Shaffer 11

Budget and Justification

BUDGET JUSTIFICATION
Salaries: $40,000 This budget gives $20,000 each to Dr. Jindal and Dr. Stuckey
due to funds lost from stopping practice during project time,
constant supervision over 15-month period of support group
project, and funding for final research paper after support
group completion.
Caregiver Reimbursement: $30,000 This money will be divided into $3,000 dollar increments to
each primary caregiver of the 10 members of the support
group to encourage bi-weekly participation and support
during interview series. Alleviates financial burden support
group may cause on exhausted caregivers.
Printing and Marketing Materials: $5,000 Fund will be used to create marketing materials during our
appearances at Alzheimer’s Association monthly meetings
and to print out educational materials to be given out to
caregivers in support group.

Meeting Supplies: $2,000 Refreshments for bi-weekly meetings including small snack
packs and drinks such as water or Gatorade.

Mileage Reimbursement- $4,000 Money will be used to reimburse Dr. Jindal and Dr. Stuckey
for transportation to and Oklahoma City.

Evaluation Materials: $2,000 Fund will be used for creation and printing of survey slips to
be given to participants on a bi-weekly basis over the 10-
month support group.

Brookdale Norman Reimbursement: $10,000 Reimbursement for staff participation in support group, use
of Brookdale location for support group, and additional
funding for potential harm in case of patient reaction to
support group.

Planning Funds: $3,000 Funds allocated for planning stage between myself, Dr. Jindal
and Dr. Stuckey to be used in drafting of support group
system, survey materials, and research for Brookdale Norman
support group system.
Shaffer 12

Timeline

Pre-Planning:

DATE DESCRIPTION
May 1st, 2023- June 31st, 2023 Form partnership with Brookdale Norman and secure funding
from Anne & Irving Brodsky Innovation Grant

June 1st, 2023- July 31st, 2023 Recruit personnel from Alzheimer’s Association and secure
Dr. Jindal and Dr. Stuckey for research

July 1st, 2023- August 31st, 2023 Develop support group materials, conduct individual
interviews, and develop marketing material

Planning:

DATE DESCRIPTION
September 1st, 2023- October 31st, 2023 Prepare dress rehearsal, attend first meetings of support
groups, begin measuring surveys from caregivers and patients

October 1st, 2023- December 31st, 2023 Attend regular support group sessions, measure progress of
caregivers and patients, change support group questions or
strategy depending on group feedback

December 1st, 2023- April 1st, 2024 Continue support group sessions, begin final feedback with
caregivers, collect survey data and direct participants to
additional support group research

Post-Planning:

DATE DESCRIPTION
April 1st, 2024- June 31st, 2024 Compile research data, begin process of writing research
data, begin preparations for Moore support group

June 1st, 2024- September 31st, 2024 Collect final feedback from caregivers and patient, reorient
focus to planning for Moore support group, finish compiling
research paper
Shaffer 13

WORK CITED

i
“2023 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures” Alzheimer’s Association (2023): 15. Web.
ii
“Cognitive Decline in Oklahoma” Alzheimer’s Association (2023): 1. Web.
iii
“Oklahoma Scorecard 2022” State Chamber of Oklahoma (2022): 16-17. Web.
iv
“Brookdale Norman.” Brookdale Norman. https://www.brookdale.com/en/communities/brookdale-norman.html.
v
Rebecca G. Logsdon and Kenneth C. Pike. “Early-Stage Memory Loss Support Groups: Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial”. The
Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences (2010): 691–697. Web.
vi
“2023 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures” Alzheimer’s Association (2023): 15. Web.
vii
“Cognitive Decline in Oklahoma” Alzheimer’s Association (2023): 1. Web.
viii
“Oklahoma Scorecard 2022” State Chamber of Oklahoma (2022): 16-17. Web.
ix
“Brookdale Norman.” Brookdale Norman. https://www.brookdale.com/en/communities/brookdale-norman.html.
x
Rebecca G. Logsdon and Kenneth C. Pike. “Early-Stage Memory Loss Support Groups: Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial”. The
Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences (2010): 691–697. Web.
xi
“Oklahoma” Alzheimer’s Association. https://www.alz.org/professionals/public-health/state-overview/oklahoma
xii
“Oklahoma” Alzheimer’s Association. https://www.alz.org/professionals/public-health/state-overview/oklahoma
xiii
“Healthy Brain Initiative” CDC (2023): 11. Web.
xiv
“Oklahoma Dementia Care Network” OKDCN. https://www.ouhealth.com/oklahoma-center-for-geroscience/healthy-aging-services/oklahoma-
dementia-care-network-okdcn-/
xv
“Oklahoma Alzheimer’s State Plan 2016” Oklahoma Department of Human Services (2016): 1. Web
xvi
“Healthy Brain Initiative” CDC (2023): 1. Web.
xvii
“Oklahoma Alzheimer’s State Plan 2016” Oklahoma Department of Human Services (2016): 6. Web
xviii
“Healthy Brain Initiative” CDC (2023): 4-5. Web.
xix
“Healthy Brain Initiative” CDC (2023): 11. Web.
xx
“Healthy Brain Initiative” CDC (2023): 12-13. Web.
xxi
Fergus I.M. Craik and Mark Bird and James M. Swanson. “Patterns of Memory Loss in Three Elderly Samples”. Psychology and Aging (1987): Vol. 2. No.
1. 80.
xxii
“Chapter 675: Nursing and Specialized Facilities”. Oklahoma State Department of Health. 66-67. Web
xxiii
“Healthy Brain Initiative Continues Public Health Momentum By Kicking Off Next Road Map Development” Alzheimer’s Association (2022).
https://www.alz.org/news/2022/healthy-brain-initiative-continues-public-health-m.
xxiv
“Oklahoma” Alzheimer’s Association. https://www.alz.org/professionals/public-health/state-overview/oklahoma
xxv
“Dementia Care: Helping Your Loved One Stay Connected and Safe” AARP (2021). https://www.aarp.org/caregiving/basics/info-2019/alzheimers-
dementia-care.html.
xxvi
“2023 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures” Alzheimer’s Association (2023): 26. Web.
xxvii
Mary Overall. “Viewpoints: Oklahoma family caregivers need financial support, and they can’t wait any longer”. The Oklahoman (2021). 1. Web.
xxviii
“Healthy Brain Initiative” CDC (2023): 12-13. Web.
xxix
Mary Overall. “Viewpoints: Oklahoma family caregivers need financial support, and they can’t wait any longer”. The Oklahoman (2021). 1. Web.
xxx
“H.R.3321 - Credit for Caring Act of 2021” Congress. 1. Web.
xxxi
“Oklahoma” Alzheimer’s Association. https://www.alz.org/professionals/public-health/state-overview/oklahoma
xxxii
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xxxv
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Aging (2003): 361-374. Web.
Project: Instruction Set
Client: Dr. Will Kurlinkus

Brief: Create an instruction set teaching a specific technical process using


a technical program, machinery, or scientific equipment. This instruction
set must contain a complete breakdown of every step in the process with
proper photos and must contain additional troubleshooting steps and a
glossary.

Completed Project: I created a technical instruction set for the 2001 video
game, Max Payne. I provided an in depth, technical instruction set
detailing how to fix the broken audio files in the original steam port of
Max Payne using IndirectSound.
1

How to fix
sound for
Max Payne
on Windows
10
Table of Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................1
Materials.................................................................................................................2
Part One: Download IndirectSound......................................................................3-5
Part Two: Opening Steam Files..............................................................................6-7

Part Three: Transferring Audio..............................................................................8


User Persona..........................................................................................................9
Trouble Shooting..................................................................................................10
Glossary................................................................................................................11

Corbin Shaffer
Introduction ENGL-4853

Max Payne is a game released by Remedy


Time Estimate:
Entertainment on July 25th, 2001.
Unfortunately, since the games original
release on Windows, the game has become
30-45 Minutes to
riddled with bugs such as missing all audio on complete instructions
systems past Windows 7. In this guide, I will
give you step by step instructions and
troubleshooting tips on how to fix the missing
audio on the Steam version of Max Payne.
2

Materials

MAX PAYNE STEAM CLIENT

WINDOWS 10 INDIRECT SOUND


3
Part One:
Download
Indirect
Sound
WARNING:
When downloading IndirectSound for
Max Payne, make sure to verify that
you are at indirectsound.com. If your
webpage does not say you are at
indirectsound.com then DO NOT
download from any links attached.

Step 1: Go to Indirectsound.com

Using your preferred web browser type into the


search bar indirectsound.com. You should be at
the indirectsound.com landing page as shown in
figure 1.

Your paragraph text

Fig 1: Indirectsound.com home page


4
Part One:
Download
Indirect
Sound
TIP: Make sure when downloading Indirect
Sound you are downloading the latest
version available. If you are unsure what
the newest version is, the highlighted
version on the landing page will be the
newest version.

Step 2: Download IndirectSound

Click on the highlighted link on the


landing page to begin downloading. The
current version will be Version 0.20 as
shown in figure 2

Figure 2: Current version of IndirectSound


5
Part One:
Download
Indirect
Sound
WARNING: Before continuing this guide
please verify you are using a Windows 10
PC or else the downloaded files will not
work. In order to check if you are running a
Windows 10 PC press the Windows logo
key + R. Once this command has been
typed, type "winver" to see your current
Windows version.

Step 3: Open IndirectSound Files

1. Once the files have been


downloaded click the ^ Icon to see
more options for the files. (Fig 3) Figure 3: IndirectSound zip file

2. Click on the Open button to open the


download in Files Explorer. (Fig 4)

3. Once you have clicked this button


you should see three files in a separate
window from your other tabs. These are
the missing audio files we are going to
transfer. (Fig 5)
Figure 4: IndirectSound Open button

Figure 5: Audio Files


6
Part Two:
Opening
Steam Files

Step 4: Open Steam Library

1. Click on the steam desktop icon (Fig 6) or navigate to


www.store.steampowered.com to reach your game.

2. Click on the library tab and scroll through your library


until you are on the game page for Max Payne. There should
be a glowing green button saying Play if you have navigated
to the right page. Max Payne will also be highlighted in your
left hand tab. (Fig 7)
Figure 6: Steam Desktop
Icon

Figure 7: Max Payne Library Page


7
Part Two:
Opening
Steam Files
Step 5: Open Max Payne Files through
Steam

From the Max Payne game


page, click on the Manage Icon
on the right side of the screen
across from Play. This Icon
resembles a cog as seen in
Figure 8.
Step 6:Manage Max Payne Files
Figure 8: Manage Icon
After clicking on Manage, there
will be a smaller tab called
Manage that is the second
option from the bottom. Hover
your mouse over this option.
(Fig 9)
Step 7: Click Browse Local Files

Slide your mouse to the left to


Figure 9: Manage button and Browse local files button
select Browse Local Files. This
should open a new tab in File
Explorer filled with the game
data of MaxPayne.exe. (Fig 10)

Figure 10: MaxPayne.exe Files


8
Part Three:
Transfering
Audio

Step 8: Transfer IndirectSound files

Highlight the two


IndirectSound files as shown in
Figure 11 and drag them over
to the Max Payne file folder.
This will fix the incomplete
audio and allow you to
experience Max Payne with the
original audio!

Figure 11: IndirectSound files for transfer


9

User Persona
10
Trouble
Shooting
What do I do if my audio still isn't working?
If your audio still isn't working there are several things that
you can do to check your files:
A. Verify that both dsound and dsound.dll have both
transferred over to the Max Payne file packet. You can
search for these files using the search bar to check their
location. If files are still missing, please repeat step 6.

B. Using the steam client, in the Manage tab click the


Verify File Integrity button to verify all Max Payne files
were downloaded correctly from Steam.

c. If neither A or B work, try uninstalling Max Payne and


repeating process with a clean installation.
What if I am using Windows 11?
This instruction set will work for Windows 11 but was
designed for Windows 10. Windows 11 users may
encounter additional bugs that are not seen on
Windows 10 and so will have to search for additional
resources for help such as the Steam Community Tab
for Max Payne.
11

Glossary

IndirectSound:
IndirectSound is a program designed to uncorrupt audio
files for games that have not been updated for Windows
10/11. It is most useful for games such as Max Payne that
have not undergone any updates since their original
release and have files that are completely corrupted.
Landing Page:
This is the first page on a website that you see or sometimes
referred to as the home page. Every website has a landing page
and it is the most accessible page on a website.
Game Page:
This is a game's home page in your steam library. This is the
page where you can install a game, manage its files, views its
original store page, or see what other communtiy members have
to say about the game.
Steam:
This is the most popular store for purchasing, downloading, and
playing PC video games.
Project: Creative Fiction
Client: Eddie Malone

Brief: Create an 8 -10 page piece of literary fiction.

Completed Project: I created a brief literary fiction story detailing the rise and fall
of an artist from fame and his personal philosophy on dying before the peak of
your artistic career in order to ensure your continued relevance. The story details
issues of legacy, creative freedom, and mental disorders. The goal was to create a
haunting short story that would stick with the reader and make them question
the intentions of artists.
Shaffer

APOLLO, DON’T BREAK

MY HEART

Corbin Shaffer

UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA
Shaffer 1

Apollo, Don’t Break My Heart by Corbin Shaffer

Do you remember my gala in Amsterdam? I was a mess at the time. I had just come off

this exhibition in New York and I was panicked because I felt like this gallery was a make or

break moment for me. So, I poured everything I had into it. I spent almost all my money on

renting out this old hotel by the waterfront that didn’t even have that great of a view but the

status of it was all that really mattered to me. I hired about 40 servers to bring drinks and

ludicrously overpriced appetizers around to my incredibly well-off patrons. I bought these masks

for them to wear that made them look like David or the Venus de Milo because I thought if I

surrounded myself with these images of greatness people would see my genius through osmosis.

I think my train of thought at the time was look at Apollo, look at me, we’re one and the same.

So, there I am at what is supposed to be the greatest moment of my life. I’m surrounded by the

wealthiest people of our generation, in a room full of my art, my supposed genius, and I felt

absolutely nothing.

I looked around and realized these people didn’t give a single shit about my art. They

were there to kill time. To them my greatest moment was a mid afternoon stop for them. It

dawned on me that all I had achieved was a spot in the index of an art history textbook. I felt like

I had hit the bottom of human existence. To realize that you had actively tried to be remembered

and even then, people couldn’t give a shit who you are. I was panicking at that point. What do

you do when you realize you don’t matter? I sat in the corner, chain smoking like it was my last

day on earth. I kept racking my brain for any feeling; any memory that I could latch onto to help

me swim out of this oblivion I was spiraling down into. But all I could thing of was everything I

gave up for this. I wanted to say sorry to my mother, my father, every friend I had abandoned in
Shaffer 2

my quest for immortality. I couldn’t stop crying. I was cursed by this revelation that I was a

failed dreamer. I just needed help in that moment and all I saw were empty faces looking at me

like I was on display. Is this what I deserved for trying to be something? I just wanted more out

of life than this farce. I couldn’t breathe, I couldn’t think, all I could hear was the fucking piano

player, playing some Tchaikovsky riff over and over again; incessantly reminding me of a better

artist. Someone who had actually amounted to something.

He didn’t even see it coming. He smiled at me like we were close friends as I slammed

his finger with the case latch to the beat of his favorite fucking piece. He was screaming,

pleading for me to stop but I was insistent that I take him down with me. If I couldn’t achieve my

dreams, I wasn’t going to let some fucking piano player outshine me. This was my night! I think

this when on for a few minutes but by the end of it his fingers were a paste. I looked up and

everyone looked disgusted with me. But that was the trick because I knew in my soul they

weren’t. I saw the glee behind their eyes. They wanted me to fail, to writhe around in failure

because that was real entertainment for them. All of them were gleeful, except for you. I

remember, you looked at me with these beautiful empty eyes and I knew in that moment I loved

you. You had seen through the veil and seen that we were utterly meaningless.

In that moment, the veil had been lifted and together we watched as those pillars of

society transformed into beautiful monstrosities. Men’s suit jackets ripped open as their back

stretched out of their skin and cracked into a giant cavernous mouth. Rows of teeth and flailing

tongues lashed out at anything they could bite as their spittle spilled out in waves of oil and tar.

Their original faces grew saturated before they began to settle in porcelain masks of stretched

grins. Those creatures began to writhe and giggle, seemingly giddy I finally saw them in their

true forms. I’m glad you shared that moment with me as it has been a defining instance in my
Shaffer 3

transformation. Even as the cops dragged me out into the streets, I looked at you and in your

eyes, I could tell you saw the same monsters I did.

I was thrown in jail for three years for that incident with the piano man. The whole time

all I could think was that I had found my new purpose. I wished to die on the edge of greatness,

to not be a commodity that could be bought but a martyr for a new kind of artist. Every day I

scratched new pieces into my cell walls. I drew animals, people, landmarks, but mainly your face

over and over again. I survived in there because I knew my muse was waiting for me. I had just

met you and I already knew that I deeply loved you. You had given me the only thing I needed to

live. A purpose, a love to chase, a dream to fulfill. During my time in that cell, I thanked every

deity I could think of that I had met you. I knew you could hear me. I knew in my soul that you

believed in me. I waited for my time to be up so I could get back to work. So I could achieve my

new dream. I wanted to make a star out of you.

I can’t remember when exactly I was released but just know I got to work immediately on

my plan for greatness. I had lost all of my credibility as an artist, so I had to start from scratch,

but I didn’t mind. In fact, I relished the opportunity to be street level again. To be a cockroach,

an infestation that would take back what had been stolen from me. I busked in the streets for

years and sadly time was not kind to me. Once the veil had lifted, I began to feel pests under my

skin. I could feel roaches crawling right under my muscles, rats chewing at my stomach lining. It

was unbearable. I would scream for hours, trying to force the pain away. The city of Amsterdam

seemed to relish my misery as she sent all sorts of visitors to hurt me. I got attacked by dogs

who mistook me for roadkill, beaten down by pigs, I was treated like a plague that needed to be

swept out, but I was unrelenting. I refused to give up on you. I pestered, lied, robbed anyone I
Shaffer 4

thought could spare money. I knew it would all pay off one day when I would see you shining in

my work.

On one of my last days busking, I met a very interesting fellow. One day, I was

approached by a man with no face, no features, no name. He looked down at me in my pitiful state

and in that moment, I knew what he wanted me to do. He wanted me to paint portraits of the

forgotten people of the red-light district, a task I was more than happy to accept. I saw this job as

real art, a way to see people who had been swept aside into the ashes of history like me. I got to

work immediately working my way down those labyrinthian streets one door at a time. I painted

anyone who would let me. Every night I would sit out front of a row of doors for hours as they went

about their business and whenever somebody swapped out for the night, we would go to a hotel

room my employer had rented about a block away. We would sit for hours in silence. None of

them seemed interested in speaking to me but I think they enjoyed the experience. I think they

liked just being there in that moment, where all that mattered was if they could sit still. I

remember that time fondly though I don’t remember much of the people I painted. The only one I

really remember from that experience was a girl named Lisa. She sat in silence most of the time,

rarely saying much of anything. Except for the final session. I had just wrapped up her portrait and

she got up came to study my handiwork. She looked at it, then took my brush and signed a rose

onto it.

I asked her, “Is that what represents you?”

She looked at me a moment and then said, “It’s what my mother wanted to call me.”

“Why didn’t she?”

“I guess she didn’t think it was pretty enough for me”

“That seems like an odd decision, why steal a name away from your daughter?”
Shaffer 5

“You’re the artist. You tell me.” She seemed demure when she said it, approaching the

same brink I had reached.

I gave her a push over the edge, “Sometimes we offer to give things away that are

precious to us before we realize how much they really mean to us.”

She looked empty, saying “Is that what my mother did? Was my name too precious to

give away?”

“Absolutely, she couldn’t bear watching you live such a miserable existence with such a

beautiful name”

She stood silent before asking me “Have you ever taken something precious back?”

I though about it a moment, “I want to take back my legacy. To be remembered on my

own terms not for the art I’ve given away. If Warhol can make art out of pop cans, why can’t I

make art out of my future?”

She smiled at me and left. I heard she died a few weeks after that, found floating in the

river by her booth. I never saw the man who gave me that job again either, he paid me, took his

portraits and left.

I thought of you that whole time you know. Even at my lowest when my teeth started

falling out in rotten clumps, when my vision began to fade into endless visions of hellfire, when

all I could hear were sirens, I could feel you on the horizon. My angel, my darling muse. I knew

we were destined to be reunited soon when I was visited by my gods one winter night. I awoke,

drowning in tar and oil, gasping desperately for an escape when I heard a whisper in my mind

not to struggle. I gasped for breath at first but eventually I gave into the divine. I sunk into the

abyss and was greeted by figures I knew all too well. I saw Apollo sitting on his golden throne

with Warhol and Sid Vicious sitting in the wings. He was a glistening golden behemoth; a Greek
Shaffer 6

statue brought to life in your image. I knew you were one and the same, I could see it in your

eyes and when you spoke to me, I knew my dreams had come true.

“Dorian, what do you desire?”, is all you said to me. Warhol took a drag off his cigarette

and asked, “Do you wish to be remembered?” while Sid said, “Do you wish to be loved?”. They

stared at me, waiting for my response, waiting for me to spill all my desires.

So, I told them everything that I dreamed of, that I craved, I told them “I want to die on

the verge of greatness. I want to crumble right before the peak of an artistic achievement. I want

to become immortal. I want to be a martyr for a new generation of degenerates. I want to prove

the fallacy at the center of the American Dream. I want to show the only freedom for an artist is to

die before the peak, because there’s no future for dreamers who reach it.”

Warhol cleaned his glasses and asked, “Is that all you desire?”

I replied simply, “Yes, I want to be remembered”

I started tumbling afterwards, spiraling into an oblivion of my past. I saw swirls of

traumatic memories, portrait of ash and mucus, Roman armies marching on Manhattan. I saw the

oil and tar drown the Kraken as fires over Lawrence, Kansas destroyed innocent lives. I felt my

eyes, bubble and drip ooze as I saw the Smithsonian burning at my feet. I felt you my dear muse,

inside of me. I felt you haunting my brain, begging me to make you a martyr for depraved youth. I

feel your blood trickling down my skin like fresh amber. You’re a wounded gazelle as I masturbate

over your last breaths. You’re truly beautiful as you fuck me in this macabre intercourse between

us. I felt barbed wire digs into our flesh as the barbs pulse to the rhythm of a Frank Sinatra song. I

beg you to thrust further, take me, all of me, down into the pits. Make me your swine. Let the

troughs of history remember us for our dreams as our fears cascade into the sludge of the

collective consciousness. In this moment, we are a shining beacon in a long track of


Shaffer 7

martyrs, momentary superheroes for a new generation of the depraved. Let’s give them the show

of a generation. Let them laugh; let them gallivant around us. I could puke at their irrelevance.

I’ve gained immortality while their moment of importance is witnessing me. Remember me you

demons! Embrace me, eat me, drink me, devour my legacy so you may gain even a bit of my

grace. I wish we could melt together so I can orgasm in your rib cage right next to the secrets not

even your lovers know. Fuck me until the bombs drop, or at least until the sirens wail.

When I awoke, I felt inspired! I was back in the hotel, and I knew what I needed to create

my masterpiece. First, I needed to prepare myself for my role. I took a knife from the hotel

kitchen and began to cut strips off my body. I started with my stomach, plunging in the knife and

cutting in a horizontal stroke. Once I did this, I leaned forward to pour out the vermin who had

been bothering me for so long. They were covered in black tar, gasping for breath and shaking

for their life. They were small, boney creatures that produced a satisfying popping sound when I

slammed my fist down onto them. I swirled the remaining mass together to create a beautiful

sunset hue. With this new addition to my palette, I start cutting around my face, peeling away the

skin to expose the beauty underneath. I ended my dissection with my arms, cutting towards my

hands and letting the roaches collect any missing skin as they poured out of the crevices of my

muscles. I crushed a few together and mixed it with the rats to create a lighter hue. I could feel

every shock of inspiration through my fingers. God, it was divine!

I ended my display by lathering myself in the new tones I had created. Once I had bathed

myself in the liquid I felt finally complete. I felt as beautiful as the art I had lost in my youthful

arrogance. All that was left was to bring you back to me so we could stand together in this

masterpiece for the ages. I found you in the same corner of the hotel I had last seen you in all

those years ago. I pulled you to the center with me and every step I couldn’t help but to marvel at
Shaffer 8

your perfection.. It had been ages since I had seen you and I could’ve cried from joy! You hadn’t

aged a day, your skin still its beautiful marble shine. You were still the essence of perfection and

together we would complete my masterpiece. You stepped off your pedestal and pointed to the

curtains all around us. I must have been so distracted I hadn’t even noticed the surprise you had

waiting for me. You had brought everyone together for my piece. Kings, queens, presidents,

dictators, artists, tramps, workers, strikers, priests, thieves. They all applauded as the curtains

raised, happy to see me finally triumph. I had made it to my precipice. I had made it to the final

display of what true artistry could be. As I replaced you on the pedestal I locked eyes with

Apollo, sitting in a private row. He gave me a brief smile as you strung my intestines around the

chandelier above me and prepared my noose. With a final bow and a kiss to the audience, I take

my final step towards immortality.

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