CHAPTER 1 NUMBER SYSTEMS

Quiz 1: Computational Thinking

1 Computational Thinking is giving instructions to a computer

True False
2 The process of breaking down complex problems into smaller problems, is called…
Decomposition
3 What is a better word for the recipe/steps you follow when solving a problem?
Algorithm Design
4 To filter and remove irrelevant information from a problem statement is called…
Abstraction
5 When selecting an outfit for a party, are you making use of Computational Thinking?
Yes No
6 When you recognise the similarities between mathematics problems, which one of the elements of
Computational Thinking are you using?
Recognition
7 What element of Computational Thinking do you use when baking cake?
Algorithm Thinking
8 When someone tells you a story full of unnecessary details, you make use of abstraction to understand
what is important and what not. True False
9 When planning which taxis to catch to campus, are you using Computational Thinking?
Yes No
10 Do you think Computational Thinking is only relevant to your studies?
Yes No

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Open Rubric
Quiz 2: Self-Assessment of Prior Knowledge

Complete the following assessment (without using a calculator) before you attend the first lecture

# Questions True False

1 20 is a factor of 4 ×
2 Whole (counting) numbers include negative whole numbers ×
3 Zero (0) is a Natural number ×
4 There are no even Prime numbers ×
5 3(4 + 5) = 3(4) + 3 (5) ×
6 When doing calculations, multiplication must always be done before division ×
7 63 is a multiple of 3 It is only TRUE ×
8 Integer numbers can be written as the product of prime factors for POSITIVE ×
9 √64 = 2 3 integer numbers! ×
10 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 3 is an equation ×
11 √5 is irrational ×
12 Composite numbers have only 2 factors ×
13 Numbers ending with 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 are even numbers ×
14 When 35 students must share 140 sweets: 35/140 will calculate the number of sweets per student ×
15 The VAT percentage is South Africa is 15% ×
16 You need 30% to pass this module ×
17 1 is a Prime number ×
18 The 3 in 3rd Avenue is a nominal number ×
19 0.75 is a rational number ×
20 If the temperature drops 12 degrees from 5 degrees, the temperature will be 7 degrees ×

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Identify the value of the digit 4 in the following numbers:

a. 6489.7 Hundred
b. 397042 Tens
c. 3972.004 Thousandths
d. 998.945 Hundredths

Write the above numbers in Expanded Format.

a. 6489.7
1
= (1000 x 6) + (100 x 4) + (10 x 8) + (1 x 9) + ( 10 × 7)
b. 397042
= (100000 x 3) + (10000 x 9) + (1000 x 7) + (100 x 0) + (10 x 4) + (1 x 2)
c. 3972.004
1 1 1
= (1000 x 3) + (100 x 9) + (10 x 7) + (1 x 2) + (10 × 0) + (100 × 0) + (1000 × 4)
d. 998.945
1 1 1
= (100 x 9) + (10 x 9) + (1 x 8) + (10 × 9) + (100 × 4) + (1000 × 5)

Write the following student numbers in descending order:

2147282703 2198273074
2180805290 2174981890
2175783971 2199357901

2199357901; 2198273074; 2180805290; 2175783971; 2174981890; 2147282703

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Describe each of the following in your own words:

 Real Numbers ℝ
These numbers include the positive and negative integers and fractions (or rational numbers) and also the
irrational numbers.
 Rational Numbers ℚ
Any number that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers i.e. integer/non-zero integer.
 Irrational Numbers ℚ′
All the real numbers which are not rational numbers. That is, irrational numbers cannot be expressed as the ratio of two
integers. The decimal expansion does not terminate, nor end with a repeating sequence.
 Natural Numbers ℕ
Also called counting numbers, includes all the positive integers from 1 till infinity.
 Whole Numbers ℕ𝟎𝟎
It includes all the natural numbers that begin from 1 onwards along with 0.
 Imaginary Numbers
It is a complex number that can be written as a real number multiplied by the imaginary unit i, which is defined by its property
i2 = −1. The square of an imaginary number bi is −b2. For example, 5i is an imaginary number, and its square is −25.
 Cardinal Numbers
It is a number used in counting (a counting number).
 Ordinal Numbers
The numbers which give us the exact position of an object – order/position.
 Nominal Numbers
A number used only as a name, or to identify something (not as an actual value or position).

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Complete the diagrams and fill in 3 examples of each of the following: (students can give any 3 correct examples)

Imaginary Numbers
3𝑖𝑖 ; 𝑖𝑖√5 ; −12𝑖𝑖 where 𝑖𝑖 2 = −1 Nominal Numbers

1st in the competition

Real (ℝ) 5th row
2 Irrational (ℚ′ ) 10th floor
2; -3.4; 3 Rational (ℚ)
3 √8
7
; -0.625; √25 𝜋𝜋
e
Integer (ℤ) (Euler's number)
-2; 0; 4
Cardinal Numbers
Whole (ℕ𝟎𝟎 )
0; 1; 2 1; 2; 3
An example using words:
I have 3 coins.
Natural (ℕ)
1; 2; 3

Ordinal Numbers

Zip code – 0181

Model number – 380
Number on plyers back – 8

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Consider the first 5 Natural Numbers, calculate the sum of the cubes of these numbers and subtract the sum of the square of these
numbers.

Natural Number Cube Square

x x3 x2
1 1 1
2 8 4
3 27 9
4 64 16
5 125 25
Sum 225 55

225 – 55 = 170

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Summarise the Divisibility Rules for 2 to 12.

https://www.mathsisfun.com/divisibility-rules.html

Activity 9

Write down all the:

a. Even prime numbers 2 (only)

b. Multiples of 6 between 1 and 42 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36
c. Factors of 72 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72
d. Composite numbers between 32 and 52 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45,
46, 48, 50, 51
e. Prime numbers less than 31 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29

Activity 11

Apply PEMDAS and do the following calculations (without a calculator):

52 − (15 ÷ 3 + 2) = 52 − (5 + 2) = 52 − 7 = 25 − 7 = 18

81 ÷ 9 × 9 + 9 − 27 ÷ 9 − 9 × 0 = 9 × 9 + 9 − 3 − 0 = 81 + 9 − 3 − 0 = 87

26 + 24 ÷ 12 − 8 = 26 + 2 − 8 = 20

8 ÷ 8 × 8 + 8 − 8 ÷ 8 − 8 × 0 = 1 × 8 + 8 − 1 − 0 = 8 + 8 − 1 − 0 = 15

(64 ÷ 8 − 5)3 + 13 + 63 ÷ 7 × 2 = (8 − 5)3 + 13 + 9 × 2 = 33 + 13 + 18 = 27 + 13 + 18 = 58

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 Activity 12

Description (Example): Number sentence (Example):

Multiply 5 with 10 and then subtract 7 from the result (𝟓𝟓 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏) − 𝟕𝟕

(100 − 20) + 10
Subtract 20 from 100 and then add 10
Subtract 7 from 10 and then multiply it with 5
𝟓𝟓 × (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 − 𝟕𝟕)
Add 31 to 23 and then multiply it with 9 subtract the answer
from 650 and then add 211 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 − 𝟗𝟗 × (𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑) + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
(8 × 5) ÷ 2 + 25
Calculate the half of the product of 8 and 5 and add it to 25
120 − (11 − 5) × 2
Double the difference between 11 and 5 subtracted from 120
Double the sum of 9 and 8 and then add it to 10
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 + 𝟐𝟐 × (𝟗𝟗 + 𝟖𝟖)
Calculate the half of the third of the sum of 18 and 6
(𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 + 𝟔𝟔) / 𝟑𝟑 / 𝟐𝟐
Add the difference between 19 and 9 to the double of 600 divide
by 60. Then divide the answer by 5 (𝟐𝟐 × (𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 ÷ 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔) + (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 − 𝟗𝟗)) ÷ 𝟓𝟓

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 Activity 13

Represent the following sets of numbers on the given number lines:

{𝑥𝑥⁄−2 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 5, 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ}
{𝑥𝑥⁄−2 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 5, 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ}
{𝑥𝑥⁄−2 < 𝑥𝑥 < 5, 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ}

Activity 14

Rewrite each of the above in Interval notation.

{x⁄−2 ≤ x ≤ 5, x ∈ ℝ} [−2; 5]
{x⁄−2 < x ≤ 5, x ∈ ℝ} (−2; 5)
{x⁄−2 < x < 5, x ∈ ℝ} (−2; 5)

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 Activity 15

What will the temperature be after the following changes?

a. Rise 20° from 10° = 30˚

b. Decrease 10° from 0° = −10˚
c. Increase of 2° from -10° = −8˚
d. 5° degrees colder than -1° = −6˚
e. 7° warmer than 10° = 17˚
f. The difference between London (UK) at 21° and Soshanguve at 32° = 11˚

Activity 16

Complete the following:

4 − 8 = −4

−2 − (−4) = 2

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 Activity 18

Browse the internet for the following:

Coldest town/city on earth?

Yakutsk (Antarctica)

Hottest town/city on earth?

Mecca (Saudi Arabia)

Activity 19

Make use of the above method and calculate 4589 + 23891 - 4620

4589 + 23891 – 4620 = 20 000 + (4 000 + 3 000 − 4 000) + (500 + 800 − 600) + (80 + 90 − 20) + (9 + 1)
= 20 000 + 3 000 + 700 + 150 + 10
= 23 860

Activity 20

Make use of short division and do the following calculations:

1 6 4 0 9 0
3 4 18 7 2 8 0 1 2 1 0 8 0

𝟒𝟒 ÷ 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ÷ 𝟕𝟕 = 𝟒𝟒 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ÷ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟗𝟗

𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ÷ 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟔𝟔 0 𝟎𝟎

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 Activity 21

Make use of long division and do the following calculations:

3 6 0 5 6 0 6 5
1 2 4 3 2 0 3 2 1 7 9 2 0 2 5 1 6 2 5
3 6 1 6 0 1 5 0
7 2 1 9 2 1 2 5
7 2 1 9 2 1 2 5
0 0 0 0 0

Activity 22

Calculate the HCF of the following:

a) 2 3 6 2 1 8 36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
2 1 8 3 9 18 = 2 x 3 x 3
3 9 3 3
3 3 1 HCF = 2 x 3 x 3 = 18
1

b) 3 6 3 3 2 7 3 8 1 63 = 3 x 3 x 7
3 2 1 3 9 3 2 7 27 = 3 x 3 x 3
7 7 3 3 7 7 81 = 3 x 3 x 7
1 1 1
HCF = 3 x 3 = 9

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 c) 2 1 1 2 2 2 8 112 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 7
2 5 6 2 1 4 28 = 2 x 2 x 7
2 2 8 7 7
2 1 4 1 HCF = 2 x 2 x 7 = 28
7 7
1

Activity 23

Calculate the LCM of the following:

a) 2 7 2 2 2 4 72 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
2 3 6 2 1 2 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
2 1 8 2 6
3 9 3 3 LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 = 72
3 3
1

b) 3 6 3 3 2 7 2 1 8 63 = 3 x 3 x 7
3 2 1 3 9 3 9 27 = 3 x 3 x 3
7 7 3 3 3 3 28 = 2 x 3 x 3
1 1 1
LCM = 3 x 3 x 7 x 3 x 2 = 378

c) 2 1 1 2 2 1 4 2 2 8 112 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 7
2 5 6 7 7 2 1 4 14 = 2 x 7
2 2 8 1 7 7 28 = 2 x 2 x 7
2 1 4 1
7 7 HCF = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 = 112
1

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 Activity 24

A church has 3 bells. The first bell rings every 12 seconds, the second one every 18 seconds and the third one every 30 seconds.
 The bells start ringing at the same time every day.
 After how many seconds will all the bells ring together?

2 1 2 2 1 8 2 3 0 12 = 2 x 2 x 3
2 6 3 9 3 1 5 27 = 3 x 3 x 3
3 3 3 3 5 5 28 = 2 x 3 x 3
1 1 1
LCM = 3 x 3 x 7 x 3 x 2 = 378

Activity 25

Red Book Exercises

Activity 26

Identify the properties, and give 3 examples of each:

1 When three or more numbers are added, the sum is the same, regardless of the grouping of the addends.
Commutative law
2+3+4=3+2+4=4+3+2=9

2 The sum of two numbers, multiplied by a third number is equal to the sum of each addend times the third number
Distributive law
2(3 + 4) = 2x3 + 2x4 = 6 + 8 = 14; 3(1 + 2) = 3x1 + 3x2 = 3 + 6 = 9; 4(3 + 4) = 2x3 + 2x4 = 6 + 8 = 14;

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 3 When two numbers are multiplied, the answer is the same when the order of the numbers multiplied, is changed
Associative law
2 x 3 = 3 x 2 = 6; 3 x 4 = 4 x 3 = 12; 2 x 8 = 8 x 2 = 16;

4 -12 + 12 = 0
Additive inverse Property
(-2) + 2 = 0; 3 + (-3) = 0; 5 + (-5) = 0

5 12 + 0 = 0
Additive Identity Property
2 + 0 = 2; 0 + 3 = 3; 8+0=8

6 12 times 1 is 12
Multiplicate Identity Property
2 x 1 = 2; 1 x 5 = 5; 6x1=6

Activity 27

Which operation will you use in the following cases? Write each problem as a
Circle the correct operator. mathematical expression
Share 24 sweets amongst 12 students.
+ - × ÷ 24 ÷ 12

Give each of the 20 students 3 pens.

+ - × ÷ 20 x 3

Your taxi money for Wednesday was R12.00 for the first part
of the trip and R23.00 for the second part of the trip. What did + - × ÷ 12 + 23

you spend on transport on Wednesday?

You received R450.00 to buy books. You spent R275. How
much is left? + - × ÷ 450 − 275

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 Activity 28

Write assignment statements for the following:

1 Calculate the area of a room with a length of 5 meters and a width of 4 meters.
Mathematical equation: 𝟓𝟓 × 𝟒𝟒 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐
Generalise the above:
Assignment statement: ___ area = ___length__ × __width___ a
Re-write the above equation to calculate the width if the area and length is known.
(New) Assignment statement: ______width = area ÷ length_________________ ℓ w

2 How many seconds are in 2 days? Remember: 1 day = 24h, 1h = 60 min and 1 min = 60 sec
Mathematical equation: _____(60 x 60 x 24) x 2 = 86 400 x 2 = 172 800 sec_____________
Generalise the above: NOTE:
Assignment statement: ________d = sec ÷ 86 400 _______sec = 86 400 x d __________(d = 86 400 = seconds in one day
days)___

3 There are 7 rows of 10 trees each in an orchard. How many trees are in the orchard?
Mathematical equation: ____number of trees = 7 x 10 = 70 ______________________________________
Generalise the above:
Assignment statement: _____a = ℓ x w___( where # rows = ℓ and # trees = w)_________________________

4 The height of a rectangular prism is 35 cm, the width is 20 cm and the length is 45 cm. Calculate the volume of the rectangular
prism.
Mathematical equation: _______Volume = (4 x 20) x 35 = 31 500 cm3_____________ Take note:
Generalise the above: V = Ah and A = ℓ x w
Assignment statement: ______V = (ℓ x w) x h__________________________________________ Therefore: V = (ℓ x w) x h
Where V = Volume; A = area;
ℓ = length; w = width

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 Activity 29

Explain each of the following floor of blocks in your own words:

For all three: The decimal part is truncated - The value that returns is less or equal to the nearest integer value

Activity 30

Explain each of the following MOD-blocks in your own words:

For the 3 above:

MOD returns the remainder: ∴ 11 ÷ 4 = 2 remainder 3; 12 ÷ 4 = 3 remainder 0; 5 ÷ 7 = 0 remainder 5; 7 ÷ 5 = 1 remainder 2

Whenever we divide 0 (nothing) by any One cannot divide by 0 therefore the

positive/negative number, the answer is always 0 answer will always be NaN (undefined)

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 Activity 31

Do the following calculations without a calculator (make use of floor and ceiling notation) :

Question 1:

A factory produces soccer balls. The balls are packaged in containers of 15 balls each.
2300
If they manufacture 2300 balls per day, how many full containers can they dispatch at the end of the day? � 15 � = 153 full containers
can be dispatched at the end of the day

Question 2: How many packets of each must she Buy Left How many of each item is left?
buy if: (Minimum needed for 12 Ceiling MOD (Buy x # in packet/box/bag/crate) MOD
Pretty is organising a party for 12 children)/ # in packet/box/bag/crate (minimum needed for 12 children)
children and decided to make 24
Lollipops are sold in packets of 10 �10� 3 6 Lollipops 30 MOD 24 = 1 rem 6
party packs. Each party pack
36 2 14 Toffees 50 MOD 36 = 1 rem 14
must contain the following: Toffees are sold in packets of 25 �25�
Minimum needed for 12 children
12 1 12 Cheese curls 24 MOD 12 = 2 rem 0
 2 Lollipops 12 x 2 = 24 Cheese curls in boxes of 24 �24�
 3 Toffees 12 x 3 = 36 HOWEVER only 1 packet per child and
 1 packet of cheese curls there is 24 packets in a box ∴ 24 − 12 =
12 x 1 = 12 12 left
24 4 4 Chocolates 28 MOD 24 = 1 rem 4
 2 small chocolates Chocolates are sold in packets of 7 � 7 �
12 x 2 = 24
12 1 8 Apples 20 MOD 12 = 1 rem 8
 1 apple 12 x 1 = 12 Apples are sold in bags of 20 �20�
 1 juice 12 x 1 = 12
12 1 8 Juice 20 MOD 12 = 1 rem 8
Juice is sold in crates of 20 �20�

How many extra packets can Pretty pack with exactly the same content as the 12 others? Get the ceiling of what is left over of each:
6 14 12 4 8 8
�2� = 3 ; � 3 � = 4 ; � 1 � = 12 ; �2� = 2 ; �1� = 8 ; �1� = 8 Chocolates have the smallest #, therefore Pretty can pack only 2 extra packets

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 Question 3:

Students are going to a sports event. The university sponsors 5 buses and 5 taxis. According to law, each bus may only transport 63
and each taxi 16 students. 470 students indicated they want to go to the event. Will they need more buses or more taxis? If so, how
many of each? No overloading is allowed!

Max # of students in buses = 63 x 5 = 315

Max # of students in taxis = 16 x 5 = 80 ∴ Max # of students in total = 315 + 80 = 395

# students without transport = 470 – 395 = 75

75
Use Floor: �63� = 1 ∴ 1 more bus is needed, and
# students without transport = 75 – 63 = 12 ∴ 1 more taxi is needed

Activity 32

Write each of the following scientific notation in standard form: Write each of the following numbers in scientific notation:

𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑 = 13430 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 5.8 x 10-3

𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟔 = 413000 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 5.8 x 107

𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟓𝟓 = 0.13043 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 = 5.8 x 101

𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐 = 430 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 = 5.8 x 10-3

𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟒𝟒 = 0.1003 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 = 4.5789 x 10-4

Activity 33
Red Book Exercises

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 Activity 34

1 Write down the following numbers:

a. The Natural Numbers between 2 and 10 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9
b. The Natural Numbers between 8 and 36 that are multiples of 5 10; 15; 20; 25; 30; 35
c. The counting numbers that are less than 13 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12
d. An integer that is 10 less than 0 -10
e. The multiples of 15 that are less than 100 15; 30; 45; 60; 75; 90
2 Calculate the following: The sum of the Prime Numbers less than 20, minus the sum of the Prime Numbers between 20 and 30.
(2+3+5+7+11+13+17+19) – (23+29) = 77 – 52 = 25
3 For the set of integers {-8; -6; -3; 1; 3; 7} find the following:
a. Two numbers with a difference of 9 1 and -8 [1 – (–8) = 9]
b. Three numbers with a sum of 1 -3; 1 and 3 [-3 + 1 + 3 = 1]
c. Two numbers whose product is -3 1 and -3 [1 x (-3) = -3]
d. Two numbers which, when divided, will give an answer of -6 1 and -6 [-6/1 = -1]
4 One more than -6 is added to the product of 7 and six less than 3. What is the result? (-6+1)+(7x(3-6)) = 5+(-21) = -16
5 Two numbers have a sum of -15 and a product of -100. What are the numbers?
Use factors: 1 x -100 = -100 1 + (-100) = -99 (Note: The biggest number should be negative since the sum is negative)
2 x -50 = -100 2 + (-50) = -48
4 x -25 = -100 4 + (-25) = -21
5 x -20 = -100 5 + (-20) = -15 these gave the correct answers
∴ the 2 numbers are 5 and -20
6 The sum of two numbers is 1, but their product is -20. What are the numbers?
Use factors: -1 x 20 = -20 -1 + 20 = 19 (Note: The biggest number should be positive since the sum is positive)
-2 x 10 = -20 -2 + 10 = 8
-4 x 5 = -20 -4 + 5 = 1 these gave the correct answers
∴ the 2 numbers are -4 and 5

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 7 One winter night, the temperature in Sutherland was 6°C at 7:00. By 2:00 the same night, it had dropped by 14°C.
a. What was the temperature at 2:00? 6 – 14 = -8°C
−8
b. What was the average hourly change in temperature? From 7:00 (19:00) to 2:00 = 7 hours Avg. = 7 = 1.4°C
c. By 12:00 the next day, the temperature was 7°C. How many degrees warmer was this than at 2:00?
-8 + x = 7 ∴ x = 7 + 8 = 15°C
8 Thabo was selling his old computer games. He started out with fifty-seven but sold eight of them. He packed the rest up putting
seven games into each box. How many boxes did he have to use? 57 – 8 = 49 is left and then he used 49/7 = 7 boxes
9 A company invited sixty-two people to a lunch, but fifty of them didn't show up. If the tables they had held six people each, how
many tables do they need? 62-50 = 12 people showed up therefore they need 12/6 = 2 tables
10 Sam bought one hundred twenty bus tickets to travel to campus. He spent forty-eight tickets and decided to give away the rest.
If each trip cost six tickets, how many trips did he make? He made 48/6 = 8 trips
11 There are twenty-one students trying out for a dance competition. If three of them didn't get picked for the team and the rest
were put into groups of six how many students would be in each group? There will be (21-3)/6 = 18/6 = 3 in a group
12 Bongile baked forty-two magwinya for her schools bake sale. If her brother Thomas ate two of them how many packages could
she make if she put eight magwinya in each package? She made (42-2)/8 = 5 packages
13 Calculate 9 × 100 + 3 × 102 + 8 × 101 + 9 × 10−2 = 9x1+3x100+8x10+9/100 = 9+300+80+0.09 = 389.09
4 2 0
14 Calculate 8 × 10 + 5 × 10 + 7 × 10 = 8x10000 + 5x100+7x10= 80000+7 = 80 507
2 3
15 6 3 4 5
Calculate 6 × 10 + 7 × 10 + 8 × 10 + 4 × 10 + 10 + 1000 = 6x1000000+7x1000+8x10000+4x100000+2/10+3/1000
= 6 487 000.203

3
16 Calculate √576 + √1728 − (√36)2 (without a calculator, make use of prime factorisation)
3
= √2x2x2x2x2x2x3x3 + √2x2x2x2x2x2x3x3x3 − (√2x2x3x3)2
= 2x2x2x3 + 2x2x3 - (2x3)2
= 24 + 12 – 36
=0
17 Calculate 2√3 + 5√3 = 7√3

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 18 Find the LCM and HCF of 24, 36 and 72

2 2 4 2 3 6 2 7 2 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
2 1 2 2 1 8 2 3 6 36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
2 6 3 9 2 1 8 72 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
3 3 3 3 3 9
1 1 3 3 HCF = 2 x 2 x 3 = 12
1 LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 = 72

19 Write 1 289 462 in Scientific Notation 1.289462 x 106

20 125 2−1 3 64
Calculate (without a calculator) 2 × (3 + 50 ) − � + − √66 = 2 × (3 + 1) − √25 + − 62
5 8−2 2
= 2x4 – 5 + 32 – 36 = 8 – 5 + 32 – 36 = –1
21 Calculate (without a calculator) 6 + 8 × 5 − 8 = 6 + 40 – 8 = 38
22 Calculate (without a calculator) (6 + 8) × 5 − 8 = 14 x 5 – 8 = 70 – 8 = 62
23 Calculate (without a calculator) 6 + 8 × (5 − 8) = 6 + 8 x (– 3) = 6 + (– 24) = 6 – 24 = –18
24 Calculate (without a calculator) √100 − 64 = √36 = 6
25 Calculate (without a calculator) √100 − √36 = 10 – 6 = 4
26 Calculate (without a calculator) � √64 = √4 = 2
3

27 Calculate (without a calculator) √9 × 4 = √36 = 6

28 Calculate (without a calculator) √9 × √4 = 3 x 2 = 6
3 4
29 Calculate (without a calculator) √81 + √343 + √16 + (−1)5 − 5000 = 9 + 7 + 2 +(–1) – 1 = 16
3
30 Calculate (without a calculator) √143 = 14
1 1
31 Calculate (without a calculator) 55 × 25 + (250 + 3 × √25)2 = 3125 x 25 +(1 + 3 x 5)2
= 125 + (1 + 15)2
= 125 + 162 = 125 + 256
= 381

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 32 If the temperature (𝒋𝒋) in Johannesburg is 7°C lower than the temperature (𝒎𝒎) in Musina, write the temperature of
Johannesburg in terms of the temperature in Musina. j = m - 7

33 Pretty is organising a party for 12 Prices are as follows: See Activity 28 Question 2
children and decided to make Lollipops are sold in packets of 10 @ R12.00 3 x 12 = 36
party packs. Each party pack must Toffees are sold in packets of 25 @ R15.00 2 x 15 = 30
contain the following: Minimum Cheese curls in boxes of 24 @ R45.00 1 x 45 = 45
needed for 12 children Chocolates are sold in packets of 7 @ R65.00 4 x 65 = 260
 2 Lollipops 12 x 2 = 24 Apples are sold in bags of 20 @ R35.00 1 x 35 = 35
 3 Toffees 12 x 3 = 36 Juice is sold in crates of 20 @ R42.00 1 x 42 = 42 ∴ She needs R448.00
 1 packet of cheese curls
12 x 1 = 12
 2 small chocolates
12 x 2 = 24
 1 apple 12 x 1 = 12
 1 juice 12 x 1 = 12

Calculate the amount of money she needs to buy the content of the party packs.

34 Refer to Question 33: Calculate the cost per item; Calculate the cost per packet.
 2 Lollipops 12/10 = R1.20 2 x 1.20 = R2.40
 3 Toffees 15/25 = R0.60 3 x 0.60 = R1.80
 1 packet of cheese curls 45/24 = R1.88 1 x 1.88 = R1.88
2 small chocolates 65 x 7 = R9.29 2 x 9.29 = R18.59
 1 apple 35 x 20 = R1.75 1 x 1.75 = R1.75
 1 juice 42 x 20 = R2.10 1 x 2.10 = R2.10 ∴ Total cost per packet = R28.52

How much money must she spend extra because of the size of the packaging? 12 x 28.52 = R342.24
∴ She spend extra 448.00 – 342.24 = R105.76

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 35 Josephine is working as a waitress at a restaurant:
 She receives an hourly wage of R21.00;
 She works 8 hours per day;
 She works 5 days a week; = (21 x 8) x 5 = 840
 She also works every second Sunday for 5 hours;
 On Sundays she is paid double the hourly rate; = (21 x 2) x 5 = 210
 She usually gets tips of approximately R50 per hour. = (50 x 8) x 5 = 2 000
= (50 x 5) = 250

Calculate her (approximate) income in a month with 4 weeks. = 840 x 4 + 210 x 2 + 2000 x 4 + 250 x 2
Her income/month = 3360 + 420 + 8000 + 500
= R12 280.00

Quiz 3: Mathematical equations and assignment statements

Write and solve mathematical equations, then write assignment statements for each of the following:

1 Find the product of 13 and 3. 13 x 3 = 39

2 How many times 12 is 108? 180 ÷ 12 = 15
3 There are 456 Extended students of which 367 are male. How many female Extended students are there? 456 – 367 = 89
4 What is the difference between 2078 and 1543? 2078 – 1543 = 535
5 Simphiwe is 21 years old. How old will he be in 12 years? 21 + 12 = 33
6 The difference between two numbers is 65. The smaller number is 230. What is the other number? 65 + 230 = 295
7 245 students must be transported by bus. Each bus can transport 70 people. How many buses will be needed? 245 ÷ 70 = 3.5
8 Find the sum of all the odd numbers between 21 and 41. (Between implies that both 21 and 41 are excluded).
23 + 25 + 27 + 29 + 31 + 33 + 35 + 37 + 39 = 279
9 Thabo lives 35 km from the campus. He goes to the campus 5 times a week. How many kilometres does he travel per week?
(35 x 2) x 5 = 350

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 10 Thembi and her mother’s ages add up to 62 years. Thembi’s mother is 45, how old is Thembi? 62 – 45 = 17
11 The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. How long ago is it? 2021 – 1876 = 145
12 A restaurant uses 15 litres of milk per day. They buy milk every third day. How much milk must they buy each time? 15 x 3 = 15
13 Enoch works as a waiter over weekends and earn R1500 per month. He borrowed money from friends, R45 from Joe, R67 from
Thandi and R123 from Sipho. How much will be left after he paid his debt? 1500 – (45 + 67 + 123) = 1500 – 235 = R1 265.00
14 Six years ago, Daniel was 23 years old. What will his age be in 12 years’ time? x – 6 = 23 + 12 ∴ x = 35 + 6 = 41
15 Calculate the sum of the prime numbers less than 31. 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 = 129

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