GROUP

3
NUMBERS A N D
BASIC OPERATION
IN MATH
Boy Bolan Habeahan
Martindo Gita Dwi Putra
Muhammad Nuriman
Alfaraqy Recky Dwi
Prasetyo
Numbers

⚫An arithmetical value, expressed by a

word, symbol, or figure, representing
a particular quantity and used in
counting and making calculation.
⚫There are also different types of
numbers, such as :

 Natural Numbers
 Whole Numbers
 Decimals Numbers
 Fraction Numbers
 Integers Numbers
 Etc.,
Natural
Numbers
⚫This group of numbers starts at 1. It
includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on. Zero
is not in this group.This group has no
negative numbers.There are no
numbers with decimals in this group.
⚫Natural numbers could be seen as:
⚫1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ....
Whole Numbers

⚫This group has all of the

N atural Numbers in it plus the
number 0.
⚫Whole numbers could be seen
as:
⚫0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...
Decimal
N umbers
⚫A Decimal Numbers is a number
that contains a Decimal Point.
Fraction
Numbers
⚫ A Fraction is a part of a whole. A fraction is written
with the bottom part (the denominator) telling us
how many parts the whole is divided into,
⚫ and the top part (the numerator) telling us how
many parts we have.
Integer
s
⚫This group has all the Whole Numbers
in it and their opposites, or, you
might say, negative numbers.
⚫Integers could be see as:
⚫... -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...
Rational
Numbers
⚫ A rational number is the quotient of two integers with
a nonzero denominator.
a/b
b≠0 numbers are not
⚫ Non-recurrent decimal
rational numbers, but exact, repeating decimal
numbers are rational numbers.
⚫ With rational numbers, we can operate with
powers, but the exponent must be an integer.
⚫ The root of a rational number is not always
another rational number.This only happens
when the root is exact, the index is even and the
radicand is positive.
Irrational
Numbers
⚫ A number is irrational if there are infinite,
non- recurrent decimal places, therefore, it
cannot be expressed in the form of fraction.

⚫ The best known irrational number is pi (π), which is

defined as the relationship between the perimeter of
a circle and its diameter.

⚫ π = 3.141592653589...
Real
Numbers
⚫ This group is made up of all the Rational
and Irrational Numbers
⚫ All operations can be performed with real
numbers with the exception of the root of
an even index and negative radicand, and
division by zero.
Imaginary
Numbers
An imaginary number is denoted by bi,
where:
⚫ b is a real number.
⚫ i is the imaginary √–1 = i
unitimaginary numbers, roots with an even
With
index and negative roots can be calculated.

Example :
⚫ x2 + 9 = 0
⚫ x2 = –9 x= ±√–9 x1= 3i
x2= -3i
Complex
Numbers
⚫ a Complex Numbers is a combination of a real
number and an imaginary number in the form a +
bi.
⚫ The real part is a, and
⚫ b is called the imaginary part.
⚫ If b = 0, the complex number is reduced to a
real number as a + 0i = a.
⚫ If a = 0, the complex number is reduced to bi, and
it is said that it is a pure imaginary number.
BASIC OPERATIONS
⚫The four basic mathematical
operations are:

 Addition (+)
 Subtraction (–)
 Multiplication (x)
 Division (÷)
Addition
⚫Addition is Adding two or more
numbers means to find their sum
(total). The symbol used for addition
is '+'.

⚫Example:
Find the sum of 9 and 8.
⚫Solution:
9+8=
17
Subtractio
n⚫Subtraction is Subtracting one
number from another number to
find the difference between them.
The symbol used for subtraction is
'– '.

⚫Example:
Subtract 9 from 16.
⚫Solution:
16 – 9 =
7
Multiplicatio
n⚫Multiplication means times or
repeated addition. The symbol used
for multiplication is '×'. A product is
the result of the multiplication of
two or more numbers.
⚫Example:
Calculate 765 ×
9.
⚫Solution:
Division
⚫Division 'undoes' multiplication and
involves a number called the dividend
being 'divided' by another number
called the divisor. The symbol used
for division is '÷'.
⚫Example:
Calculate
48÷6
⚫Solution:
Power
s Index form
⚫
The notation 32 and 23 is known as index form.The small digit
is
called the index number or power.
The index number tells you how many times to
multiply the numbers together.
⚫ When the index number is two, the number has been
'squared'.
⚫ When the index number is three, the number has
been 'cubed'.
⚫ When the index number is greater than three you say that it
is has been multiplied 'to the power of'.
⚫ For example:
72 is 'seven squared‘,
33 is 'three cubed‘,
37 is 'three to the power of
Square root and cube
root
⚫Square root
The opposite of squaring a number is called finding the
square root.
The symbol '√ ‘ (radical) means square root.
⚫ Example
The square root of 16 is 4 (because 42 = 4 × 4 = 16)
The square root of 25 is 5 (because 52 = 5 × 5 = 25)
The square root of 100 is 10 (because 102 = 10 × 10 = 100)

⚫ Cube root
The opposite of cubing a number is called finding the cube
root.
⚫ Example
The cube root of 27 is 3 (because 3 × 3 × 3 = 27)
The cube root of 1000 is 10 (because 10 × 10 × 10 = 1000)
A property of two
operations
⚫ The distributive property is the process of
passing the number value outside of the
parentheses, using multiplication, to the
numbers being added or subtracted inside
the parentheses. In order to apply the
distributive property, it must be
multiplication outside the parentheses and
either addition or subtraction inside the
parentheses.
Basic Number Properties:
Associative, Commutative, and
Distributive

⚫There are three basic properties

of numbers.

1. Distributive Property
2. Associative Property
3. Commutative Property
Distributive Property

⚫The Distributive Property is easy to

remember, if you recall that
"multiplication distributes over
addition". Formally, they write this
property as "a(b
+ c) = ab + ac". In numbers, this
means, that 2(3 + 4) = 2×3 + 2×4.
Associative Property

⚫The word "associative" comes from

"associate" or "group";the Associative
Property is the rule that refers to
grouping. For addition, the rule is "a
+ (b
+ c) = (a + b) + c“. For multiplication,
the rule is "a(bc) = (ab)c“.
Commutative Property

⚫The word "commutative" comes

from "commute" or "move around",
so the Commutative Property is the
one that refers to moving stuff
around. For addition, the rule is "a
+ b = b + a“. For multiplication, the
rule is "ab = ba“.
Worked examples
⚫Simplify 3a – 5b + 7a. Justify your
steps.
3a – 5b + 7a Original (given) statement

3a + 7a – 5b Commutative Property

(3a + 7a) – 5b Associative Property

a(3 + 7) – 5b Distributive Property

a(10) – 5b simplification (3 + 7 = 10)

10a – 5b Commutative Property

 EXCERCISE
1. An arithmetical value, expressed by a word, symbol, or
figure, representing a particular quantity and used in
counting and making calculation is ....
2. This group has all of the Natural Numbers in it plus the
number 0 is .....
3. a combination of a real number and an imaginary number
in the
form a + bi is.....
4. Adding two or more numbers means to find their sum (total)
is
....
5. Subtracting one number from another number to find
the difference between them is .....
Subtraction Real Numbers Subtraction Whole Number

Numbers addition Complex number Multiplication

 EXERCISE
1. 4(9+5) = 4x9 + 4x5
2. πi
3. ... -2,-1,0,1,2, ...
4. 8+(6+86) =
(8+6)+86
5. 3/7
Rational Imaginary Distributive
Integers
Numbers Numbers Property

Decimal Fraction Associative Irrational

Numbers Numbers Property Numbers
THANK YO U FOR
YOUR
ATTENTION