The Basic Operations

In basic mathematics there are many ways of saying the same thing:

Symbol Words Used

+ Addition, Add, Sum, Plus, Increase, Total

Subtraction, Subtract, Minus, Less, Difference, Decrease,

-
Take Away, Deduct

× Multiplication, Multiply, Product, By, Times, Lots Of

÷ Division, Divide, Quotient, Goes Into, How Many Times

Addition is ...

... bringing two or more numbers (or things) together to make a new total.
 The numbers to be added

together are called the

"Addends":

Subtraction is ...

... taking one number away from another.

Minuend - Subtrahend = Difference

Minuend: The number that is to be subtracted from.

Subtrahend: The number that is to be subtracted.

Difference: The result of subtracting one number from another.

Multiplication is ...
.. (in its simplest form) repeated addition.

Here we see that 6+6+6 (three

6s) make 18

It could also be said that

3+3+3+3+3+3 (six 3s) make 18

But you can also multiply by fractions or decimals, which goes beyond the

simple idea of repeated addition:

Example: 3.5 × 5 = 17.5

which is 3.5 lots of 5, or 5 lots of 3.5

Division is ...

... splitting into equal parts or groups. It is the result of "fair sharing".
Division has its own special words to remember.

Let's take the simple problem of dividing 22 by 5. The answer is 4, with 2

left over. Here we illustrate the important words:

Which is the same as:

A Fraction is ...

.. part of a whole.

A number written with the bottom

part (the denominator) telling you

how many parts the whole is divided

into,

and the top part (the numerator)

telling how many you have.

See Fractions for more details.

A Decimal is ...

... a number based on 10. The numbers we use in everyday life are decimal

numbers, because there are 10 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9).

it is also used to mean a

number that uses

adecimal

point followed by digits

as a way of showing

values less than one.

Example:

1.9 is a

decimal

number

(one and

nine tenths)

See Decimals for more details.

A Percentage is ...

... parts per 100. The symbol is %

 Example: 25% means 25 per 100 (25% of this box is

green)

See Percentages for more details.

Average

You calculate the average by adding up all the values, then divide by how

many values.

Example: What is the average of 9, 2, 12 and 5?

Add up all the values: 9 + 2 + 12 + 5 = 28

Divide by how many values (there are four of them): 28 ÷ 4

=7

So the average is 7