MATHEMATICS

Grade 7
Learner’s Book

Book 1: Working with Whole Numbers

Prepared by:

IVY M. SEÑORIN
T-III

PILI NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Quality & Transformative

Pili, Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro EDUCATION
Contents:
Addition of Whole Numbers
Subtraction of Whole Numbers
Multiplication of Whole Numbers
Division of Whole Numbers
Word Problems on Whole Numbers
Objective
To perform addition in the following:
1. single digit numbers
2. 2- digit numbers
3. 3- digit numbers
4. 4- digit numbers

ADDITION

Addition
The addition is taking two or more numbers and adding them together, that is, it is the total
sum of 2 or more numbers.
Example:
How many apples are there in all?

There are 7 apples in one basket and 4 apples in the other. So, we add 7 and 4 to find the
total number of apples.
To add 7 and 4, we can count forward 4 steps from 7
The symbol used to indicate Addition is + (plus symbol).
So, 7 and 4 can be written as 7 + 4
Addition sentence
An addition sentence is a mathematical expression that shows two or more values added
together and their sum.
We can write the mathematical expression for 7 plus 4 equals 11 as:

The numbers that are added are called addends and the answer to addition is called the
sum. In an addition sentence, the addends are added to get the sum.
Level 1
Level 2
6)

7)
Objective
To perform subtraction in the following:
1. single digit numbers
2. 2- digit numbers
3. 3- digit numbers
4. 4- digit numbers

SUBTRACTION

Subtraction

What is to subtract?
In math, to subtract means to take away from a group or a number of things.
When we subtract, the number of things in the group reduce or become less.

The minuend, subtrahend and difference are parts of a subtraction problem.

In the subtraction problem, 7 – 3 = 4, the number 7 is the minuend, the number 3 is
the subtrahend and the number 4 is the difference.

Here’s another example of a subtraction problem.

Fun Facts
 Subtraction is just the opposite of addition.
 Also, every addition problem can be rewritten as a subtraction problem.
Objective
To perform multiplication in the following:
1. single digit numbers
2. 2- digit numbers
3. 3- digit numbers
4. 4- digit numbers

MULTIPLICATION

Multiplication

What is Multiplication?
Multiplication, one of the four basic operations of arithmetic, gives the result of
combining groups of equal sizes.

Here each group has 3 ice creams, and there are two such groups. So, there are 2
times 3 or 3 + 3 or 6 ice creams in total. In other words, multiplication is repeated
addition.
Multiplication is represented by the signs cross ‘×’, asterisk ‘*’ or dot ‘·’. When we
multiply two numbers, the answer we get is called ‘product’. The number of objects in
each group is called ‘multiplicand,’ and the number of such equal groups is called
‘multiplier’.
For example:
3 × 7 = 7 + 7 + 7 = 21
5 × 6 = 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 30
 In the given image, 4 flowers have 8 petals each. To find the total number of petals,
we can multiply the number of flowers by the number of petals in each flower. Thus,
the multiplicand is 8, the multiplier is 4, and the product is 4 × 8 or 32. That is, there
are 32 petals in all.

Properties of multiplication

Fun Facts:
 If we multiply a number by 1, the product remains the same number. 1 is the identity
element under multiplication.
 If we multiply a number by 0, the product is zero.
3)

4)
 Objective

To perform division in the following:

1. single digit numbers
2. 2- digit numbers
3. 3- digit numbers
4. 4- digit numbers

DIVISION

Division
What is Division?
The division is a method of distributing a group of things into equal parts. It is one of the
four basic operations of arithmetic, which gives a fair result of sharing.
The division is an operation inverse of multiplication. If 3 groups of 4 make 12 in
multiplication; 12 divided into 3 equal groups give 4 in each group in division.
The main goal of the division is to see how many equal groups or how many in each
group when sharing fairly.
For example:
There are 16 balls and 4 boxes, how to put 16 balls into four equal sized boxes?

So, 16 divided by 4 =?

Therefore, 4 balls should be kept in each box.

 Mathematical notation for division
There are various signs which can be used to indicate division such as ÷, /.
For example:
 8÷2
 8/2

Special names for each character in Division

Each part involved in a division equation has a special name.

Dividend ÷ divisor = quotient

Dividend: The dividend is the number that is being divided in the division process.
Divisor:The number by which dividend is being divided by is called divisor.
Quotient: A quotient is a result obtained in the division process.

18 ÷ 3 = 6

Dividend divisor quotient

So, in the above process where we divided 16 balls into 4 equal groups;
The dividend is 16, the divisor is 4 and thus the quotient is 4.

Introduction to the remainder

The remainder is the portion of the dividend that is left over after division. For example,
on dividing 83 by 2, there is a leftover of 1.
It means, 83 ÷ 2 = 41 and r =1,
Here, ‘r’ is remainder.

Special facts about division

 When dividing something by 1, the answer will always be the original number. It
means if the divisor is 1, the quotient will always be equal to the dividend such as 10
÷ 1= 10.
 Division by 0 is undefined.
 The division of the same dividend and divisor is always 1. For example: 4 ÷ 4 = 1.

Fun Facts about the division

 The oblique bar used as a sign in division process was introduced by De Morgan
in 1845.
 LONG DIVISION
What is long division?
In math, long division is a method used for dividing large numbers into groups or
parts.
Long division helps in breaking the division problem into a sequence of
easier steps. Just like all division problems, a large number, which is
the dividend, is divided by another number, which is called the divisor, to give a
result called the quotient and sometimes a remainder.
The best way to understand how to use long division correctly is simply via
example. I am going to provide you with one example. These will show you the
step-by-step process of how to use the long division method to work out any
division calculation.

How do you do long division?

The long division method involves basic math operations.
To divide two numbers using this method, a tableau is drawn. The divisor is written outside the
right parenthesis, while the dividend is placed within. The quotient is written above the over bar on top of
the dividend.

Long division involves 5 steps:

D Divide
M Multiply
S Subtract
B Bring down
Repeat
R
or Remainder
Here’s an example of long division with each step shown clearly.