PRESENTED BY: RIZZA M. PACHEO, Sr. KRISTINA TAY, Sr.

WAR WAR, LWIN

Learning Objectives
The pupils should be able to:
• Identify the different types of Fractions
• Explain the difference between a proper
fraction and an improper fraction.
• Develop strong problem-solving skills.
THE CONCEPTS OF
FRACTION
What is a Fraction?
• When an object is divided into a number of equal parts then each
part is called a fraction.

2 NUMERATOR
3 DENOMINATOR
 NUMERATOR
The numerator says how many parts in the fraction.

1 PART IS 1
COLORED IN 2
 NUMERATOR
How many equal parts are colored in this shape?

What is the numerator of this fraction?

4
 NUMERATOR
Find the numerator for these fractions

4 3

8 6
 DENOMINATOR
The denominator says how many equal parts in the whole object.

1
2 equal parts 2
 DENOMINATOR
How many equal parts are there in this shape?

What is the denominator of this fraction?

1
 DENOMINATOR
Find the denominators of these fractions

1 1

1 1
Equivalent Fractions
To Make Equivalent Fractions
• Multiply the numerator and denominator by the same
number.
• You will get a new fraction with the same value as the original
fraction.
• You can find an equivalent fraction either by dividing or
multiplying both numerator and denominator by the same
number.
• You only multiply or divide, never add or subtract, to get an
equivalent fraction.
Equivalent Fractions
Equivalent Fractions have the same value, even though they may look
different.

These fractions are really the same:

= =

Why are they the same? Because when you multiply or divide both the top
and bottom by the same number, the fraction keeps it's value.
Equivalent Fractions
Here is why those fractions are really the same:
Equivalent Fractions
And visually it looks like this:
 Comparing and
Ordering of Numbers
 Find the Missing Numerator and Denominator:
Given the new denominator, can you Given the new numerator, can you
find the missing numerator? find the missing numerator?

1.) = 2.) =

2.) = 4.) =
 Comparing and
Ordering of Fractions
VOCABULARY:
• Numerator – the “top” number in a fraction, tells how many
equal parts are being talked out.
• Denominator – the “bottom” number in a fraction, tells how
many equal parts thre are altogether.
• Least Common Denominator (LCD) – a common multiple
between fractions with unlike denominators.
• Less than – It means smaller, the symbol < means less than.
• Greater than – It means bigger or larger than, the symbol >
means greater than
 Here is the pizza Joe was just holding
up. Howtalk
Lets many slices are there?
about
pizza,
Hi my name is Joe
and I am the Pizza
Man

So we could say this

pizza is cut into _____?

And if I eat this slice I

have eaten, how much?
 How much of this pizza
did I eat?

How do you know

that?
Comparing Fractions
Same numerator, Different denominator

• In this case there are the same number of different things. In this
case the things are thirds and sixths.
• The rule for comparing here is that the fraction with the smaller
denominator is the largest
Comparing Fractions

Comparing Same numerator, Different denominator

Example 1: Replace each □ with <, >, or = to make a true
sentence.
a) 3/9 □ 3/12 b) 4/8 □ 4/6

> <
Comparing Fractions
Different numerator, Same denominator

Here we have a different number of the same thing – there are

seven eighths and three eighths. Seven is a larger number than
three. The comparison rule here is that the fraction with the
greatest numerator is the largest.
Comparing Fractions

Comparing Different numerator, Same denominator

Example 2: Replace each □ with <, >, or = to make a true
sentence.
a) 1/4 □ 3/4 b) 5/10 □ 3/10

< >
Comparing Fractions
Different numerator, Different denominator

These fractions are compared by changing the denominators to a

common number. This can be done by multiplying the top and
bottom of the fraction by the same number since this will give a
fraction with an equivalent value.
Comparing Fractions
Different numerator, Different denominator

Now that the denominators are equal, the fraction with the greatest numerator is
the largest.
Comparing Fractions

Comparing Different numerator, Different denominator

Example 3: Replace each □ with <, >, or = to make a true
sentence.
a) 1/2 □ 3/8 b) 1/4 □ 9/12

< >
Comparing Fractions

Examples:
Replace each □ with <, >, or = to make a true sentence.
a) □
b) □
c) □
Ordering of Fractions

Another important idea from this section is ordering

fraction in descending or ascending order, so here is another
example.
Example:
Order the fractions from least to greatest.
,,,
Ordering of Fractions

To solve problems like this it helps to know our divisibility rules
because they provide clues to when different numbers might have
multiples in common.
For instance, we do not have to worry about multiples of 2 and 4
because we know every multiple of 8 is a multiple of 2 and 4.
Therefore we only have to find a multiple for 5 and 8. If we list the
multiples of 5 and 8 we get the following:
5: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50…
8: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56…
Ordering of Fractions

 Note that 40 happens to be equal to 5 x 8, because we know we

can always find a common denominator of a number by
multiplying the denominators (but it MAY NOT BE the Least
Common Denominator)
Now we can turn the fractions with unlike denominators into
fractions with one common denominator:
x = x =

x = x =
Ordering of Fractions

 So now we can order the fractions form least to greatest:

, , ,
, , ,
Ordering of Fractions

 Order the fractions form least to greatest:

, , ,

, , ,
Addition of Similar
Fractions and Mixed
Numbers
How to Add Similar Fractions (the same
denominators)
 similar fractions (also like fractions) are fractions having the same
denominators.
The following are the steps on how to add similar fractions:
• Step 1: Ensure that all denominators are the same.
• Step 2: Add all the numerators. The sum will be the numerator of our
answer.
• Step 3: Copy the denominator. This will be the denominator of our
answer.
• Step 4: Add all the whole numbers if it is mixed numbers.
• Step 5: Convert your answer into its lowest term or mixed numbers.
Example 1: This is how we add proper fractions
with the same denominators.
 Solve: + Solution:
Step 1: Check if the same Step 1: +
Denominator
Step 2: Add the numerators Step 2: + =

Step 3: Copy the denominator Step 3: + =

Example 1: This is how we add proper fractions
with the same denominators.
 Solve: + Solution:
Step 4: Skip since it is not mixed Step 4: + =
Numbers.
Step 5: is to convert our answer Step 5: + =
into its lowest term. Since 4/5 is
already the lowest term, then 4/5 is our final answer.
Example 2: Let us try to add more proper fractions.

 Solve: + + 3. + + =

Solution: 4. + + = or answer
1. + +

2. + + =
 Example 3: The same procedure will be applied when
adding improper fractions with the same denominator.

Solve: + 3.) + =

Solution: 4.) + =
1.) + This is an improper fraction, the top is bigger than the
bottom), so we want to change it to a mixed number.
2.) + =
3 11
3 ANSWER 9
Another Example:
 Solve +

Solution: 2
+ = - 8 Answer: 2
3
This time, let us add mixed numbers. Add the proper fractions
and then the whole numbers. See the following example.
 Solve: 1 + 2
Solution:
1+2=
1+2=
1+2=3
Example 4: However, there are some problems in which after adding
proper fractions, the result will be an improper fraction. Mixed numbers
must have only a whole number and a proper fraction. If the partner of
your whole number is an improper fraction, then you need to convert the
improper fraction into mixed numbers and combine the whole numbers.
See the example below.
 Solve: 1+2 1+2=3
1 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3+1 = 4

1+2= Note: 7/5 is not a proper fraction. A mixed number should

have only a proper fraction and a whole number. Therefore,
1 + 2=3 we need to convert it into a mixed number.
Example 5: We can also add a mixed number and a
proper fraction.
Solve: 1 +
Solution:
Step 1: 1 +
Step 2: 1 + =
Step 3: 1 + =
Step 4: 1 + = 1
Example 6: If the result after adding the proper fractions is
more than one, then follow the procedure in example no.4. Let us
see another example.
Solve: 1 + 4.) + = or 2
Solution:
1.)1 + 5.) Write the original problem
2.) + 1+ = or 2 Answer
• Convert to Improper fractions
3.) + =
Example 7: How about adding mixed numbers and improper
fractions?
Solve: 2 + 4.) + = or 4
Solution:
1.)2 + 5.) Write the original problem
2.) + 2+ = or 4 Answer
• Convert to Improper fractions
3.) + =
Example 8: Now, let us add similar fractions of different
types.
Solve: + +2 4.) + + =
Solution:
1.) + +2 5.) + + 2 = or 4
2.) + + =
• Convert mixed number to improper
number
3.) + + =
Try to Solve the following:

 Solve:
1.) + = ? 2.) + = ?

Answers:
1.) + = or 2.) + = or 3
Subtraction of Similar Subtraction of Similar
Fractions and Mixed Fractions and Mixed
Numbers Numbers
How to Subtract Similar Fractions
 Subtracting similar fractions have the same
procedure with adding similar fractions. The
only difference is that you will be dealing with
subtraction.
Example 1: Subtracting proper fractions with the same
denominators.
 Solve: - Step 4: Skip since it is not mixed
numbers
Solution:
Step 1: - Step 5: - = Answer

Step 2: - = Observe that we just follow the same

procedure as the addition of fractions with the
same denominators.
Step 3: - =
Example 2: We can have also negative fractions as our results.
Negative fractions are fractions which are less than zero.
 Solve: - Step 4: Skip since it is not mixed
numbers
Solution:
Step 1: - Step 5: - = or
Step 2: - =

Step 3: - =
Example 3: In this example, we will subtract mixed numbers of
similar fractions. It will be easy if we will convert mixed
numbers into improper fractions and proceed with our
procedure.
Solve: 2 - 1 Step 3: - =
Solution: Skip step 4
Step 1: 2 - 1 Step 5: - = Answer
• Convert them into improper fractions
- =

Step 2: - =
Another Example:
 Solve: 2 - Skip step 4
Solution:
Step 1: 2 - Step 5: - Answer
Step 2: -

Step 3: -
Try to solve the following:
1.) 2 - 1= ? 2.) -=?

Answers:
1.) 2 - 1 = 2.) - = or