FRACTION

A fraction represents a part of a whole. It consists of a numerator

and a denominator.
The numerator is the number above the fraction bar; the
denominator is the number below the fraction bar. As such, the
denominator is the divisor, hence, it shows into how many parts a
whole is divided. The numerator is the dividend; hence, it shows
how many parts of the whole are called for. Whole here is not
limited to a unit as one.
 Proper Fractions
These are fractions that express amounts which are less than a
unit. As such, the numerator is always less than the denominator.

1 1 3 2 5 11
4 2 4 3 8 12
 Improper Fractions
These are fractions that express amounts which are equal to or
greater than a unit. Hence, the numerator is either equal to or greater
than the denominator

3 6 7 11 18
3 5 4 6 11
 Mixed Numbers
These are numbers that consist of a whole number and a fraction.
The following are mixed numbers

11 3 32 1 5 8
3 5 4 4
 Addition of Fractions
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
1. add similar fractions;
2. add dissimilar fractions; and
3. add mixed numbers.
 Addition of Similar Fractions
Similar fractions are fractions with the same denominator. The
fractions , and are similar 1 2 5
8 8 8

fractions. To add similar fractions, we add all the numerators and

retain the denominator. We, generally, always reduce fractions to
lowest terms.
1 2+ 5 + 1+2+5
=
8 or= 1
8 8 8 8 8
 Addition of Similar Fractions
To add similar fractions with mixed numbers, we add the whole
numbers separately and then add the similar fractions as above.

1 2 1 3 + 2 (1+2+1)
3 3 3 3
3 + 5 ++ 2 4=
3 =
5+ 1 = 1
3 =3
1 6
 Multiplication of Fraction by Another Fraction
To multiply a fraction by another fraction, we multiply their
numerators to obtain the numerator of the product; then, multiply the
denominators to obtain the denominator of the product and reduce
the product to lowest terms, if necessary.

1. 1/8 x 4/7 = (1x4)/(8x7) = 4/56 = 1/14

2. 1/2 x 2/3 x 3/4 = (1 x 2 x 3)/(2 x 3 x 4) = 6/24 = 1/4
 Multiplication of Fraction by a Whole Number
A whole number can be expressed as a fraction with denominator
of 1. To multiply a whole number by a fraction, we multiply the
whole number by the numerator of the fraction and multiply the
denominator of the fraction by 1. If the answer is an improper
fraction, change it into a whole number or a mixed number.

1. 25 x 3/5 = 25 x 3/1 x 5 = 75/5 = 15

 Multiplication of a Whole Number by a mixed number
To multiply a whole number by a mixed number, change the
mixed number into an improper fraction and then multiply.

1. 2 x 3 1/4 = 2 x 13/4 = 26/4 = 6 2/4 = 6 ½

2. 17 x 5 1/8 = 17 x 41/8 = 697/8 = 87 1/8

 Multiplication of Mixed number by Mixed number
Like in multiplication of whole numbers by mixed numbers, we
also have two options when we multiply a mixed number by another
mixed number.

1. Change the mixed numbers into improper fractions and then

multiply.
2 ¾ x 1 ½ = 11/4 x 3/2 = 33/8 = 4 1/8
 Multiplication of Mixed number by Mixed number
2. Follow the second method. Let us use the example (2 ¾ x 1 ½):
a. Multiply the integral parts (whole numbers) of the mixed
numbers. 2 x 1 = 2
b. Multiply the whole number of the multiplicand (2) by the
fraction of the multiplier (1/2). 2 x ½ = 1
c. Multiply the fraction of the multiplicand (3/4) by the whole
number of the multiplier (1). ¾ x 1 = ¾
d. Multiply the fraction of the multiplicand by the fraction of the
multiplier. ¾ x ½ = 3/8
 Multiplication of Mixed number by Mixed number
e. Add the products.
= 2 + 1 + 3/4 + 3/8
=(2+1) [ 6/8 + 3/8]
= 3 + 9/8
= 3 + 1 1/8
= 4 1/8
 Olive is preparing for the baptism of Gabrielle
Anne. She bought five dressed chicken weighing 1
¾, 2 1/8, 1 2/3, 1 2/5, and 2 ½ kilograms each,
respectively.

a. What is the total weight of the chicken?

b. At P75.00 a kilogram, how much will she have
to pay for the five dressed chicken.
c. If she gave the seller two P500 bills, how much
change is due her?
 Quiz ½ sheet of paper
1. Ramon worked in the hardware store for 7½
hours while Raul worked 8 ¾ hours.

How many total hours did the two work?

Express your answer as an improper fraction.
2. Janine and Jella are owners of small textile stores. Janine
sold 1/8 of her stock yesterday. Jella sold 5/6 of hers.

a. Assume a total of 400 yards for Janine and 300 yards for
Jella in Stock. Who sold the more?
b. Assume that Janine and Jella own only one store, what
part of their total stock did Janine sell and what part of their
total stock did Jella sell?
 c. Of the total stock of their stores combined, add the part
that Janine sold and the part that Jella sold. Find the part of
the total stock sold.
3. A bale of cloth contained 96 ½ meters. The following were
cut and sold:
4 ¼, 2 ¾, 7 ½, 5 3/8, and 10 2/5.

a. How many meters of cloth were sold?

b. If a meter was sold for P55.00, how much is the total
sales?
c. If Gross profit represents ¼ of the sales, how much is
the cost of sales?