TASK 1 REVIEW

imports to INDIA from many European countries

In 1851, the total number of silk workers was
OVER 108,000, MORE THAN HALF OF WHICH
WERE WOMEN / FEMALES (above / over 55,000)

throughout the years / the next 50 years → the

figureS for male and female workers gradually
decreased and by 1901, they HAD __reached ___
20,000 and 28,000 respectively → This led to a
corresponding drop in the total number ….

(less than half of the starting figure)

between 2000 and 2020, and the projections ~
projected numbers to 2035
road: has been and is expected to continue
being the most popular choice / the most
preferred …

35,000 visitors
35 thousand visitors
More than half of the girls AGED 5-14 went
swimming in 2015, which was a little higher than
the percentage of their male counterparts
(below 45%)

Overall, the percentage of males going

swimming was higher than females IN ALL AGE
GROUPS, except for/with the exception of the
youngest one.

males went swimming more than females in all

age groups,...
remove dirt and sand
properly sorted / classified
harmful substances are eliminated / removed
completely
extruded to shape wanted/desired forms

newly-made bottles are packaged

THE FINISHED PRODUCTS
LISTENING - 10’ >< COM - 2’ TRANSFER
attention-seeking (adj)

CULPRIT → CARPET

LISTENING - LIS + SCRIPT → COMPREHENSION ><

TEST TAKING

TAKE NOTES (MC / MATCHING)

LISTENING PART 4 → EMPHASIS → (ĐỌC CÁI ĐÁP

ÁN)
straw → intonation

COMPLETION: PART OF SPEECH + PREDICTION

Questions 21-25
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C
Presentation on restoring and reproduction of paintings
21 The students agree that the introduction to their presentation should include
A reasons why paintings need to be restored.
B examples of poor restoration work.
C a general description of what restoration involves.
22 When the students visited the museum, they were surprised by
A the time it took to restore a single painting
B the academic backgrounds of the restores.
C the materials used in restoration work.
23 What does Oliver say would put him off a career in art restoration?
A the reaction of the owners of a painting
B the possibility of working in dangerous conditions
C the requirements to be able to draw very well
24 What does students agree about the restored Dutch landscape painting?
A It shows how taste in art varies amongst different people.
B It is an example of a work that was once undervalued.
C It demonstrates how cleaning techniques have greatly improved.
25 What is Oliver’s attitude to the digital reproduction of famous paintings?
A It requires a great deal of skill.
B There is something dishonest about it.
C It makes art accessible to more people.
Questions 26-30
What challenge did the Factum Arte team face with reproducing the following paintings?
Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to Questions 26-30.
Paintings the team wanted to reproduce
26 Six Sunflowers ……………
27 The Concert ……………
28 Portrait of Sir Winston Churchill ……………
29 The Water Lilies ……………
30 Myrto ……………
 Challenges the Factum Arte team faced
A they only had a photo of a badly restored version of the painting
B they needed to see under the damaged surface of the painting
C they had to get permission to analyze a very similar painting
D they had to rely on similar drawings of the same subject
E they had to negotiate with relations of the original artist
F they were unable to view other examples of the artist’s work
G they had only limited time to reproduce the painting
 ¼ → MAP (3 MAPS)
OFFICE → APARTMENT → FLOWER SHOP

TASK 2: INTERNET > TV / NEWSPAPERS.

Some people think that planning for future is a waste of time. They believe
it is more important to focus on the present. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

The rate of obesity among children is increasing these days due

to fast food or video games, and many people believe that
schools should increase the amount of time for physical
education. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Context: escalating = increasing rate of obesity among YOUNG

CHILDREN (FAST FOODS (cholesterol, greasy, fat → excessive
consumption → obesity) + VIDEO GAMES → sit still for extended
hours → lead sedentary lifetstyles)

ARGUMENT: → increase the amount of time for P.E / offer more

P.E classes
OPINION: Agree → help deal with the given issue >< solve the
issue completely while having negative impacts on the study of
youg children.

Increasing the amount of time for PE is synonymous with less

time being spent on academic subjects → vital for future career
physically tired / fatigued / drained.

TOPIC SENTENCE → MAIN IDEA → EXPLANATION (PARTICULAR

CASE → THIS IS PARTICULARLY TRUE FOR / BENEFICIAL FOR /
DISADVANTAGEOUS …) → EXAMPLE → CONSEQUENCE

be thrown into emotional turmoil

 TWO-PART QUESTIONS
REASON - EFFECT - SOLUTION
+ OPINION
FEWER AND FEWER PEOPLE VISIT MUSEUMS AND
HISTORICAL PLACES IN THEIR AREA, JUST
VISITORS???
WHY? WHAT CAN BE DONE TO ATTRACT MORE LOCAL
PEOPLE TO THESE PLACES?
- REASON 1: BORING /TEDIOUS → FAMILIAR
(LESSONS AT SCHOOL / PREVIOUS VISITS) → NO
NEED TO VISIT THESE PLACES >< VISITORS →
CURIOSITY
- EXORBITANT/PROHIBITIVE PRICES OF THE
ENTRANCE TICKETS >< VISITORS: WILLING TO
SPEND TO GET A REWARDING EXPERIENCE
(CRIMINALLY / PROHIBITIVELY EXPENSIVE)

Run-down (adj)
renovate / refurbish
It is widely acknowledged that museums and historical locations generally draw the
attention of tourists, while being largely ignored by locals. This trend is driven by a
myriad of factors, and some viable solutions can be implemented to boost the
attendance of local people at historical attractions.

There are two compelling reasons as to the waning popularity of museums and
historical places among local inhabitants. First and foremost, as these destinations
somewhat impart / GIVE an overview of the traditions and history in the locality, they
often attract tourists, who are curious about alien culture, rather than the locals, those
without the need to familiarize themselves with such values. In addition to this, the
lack of aesthetic appeal of museums and historical relics is also to blame = N-PHRASE IS
ANOTHER REASON. While monuments remain roughly unchanged for years, many
museums have a poor collection of exhibits and do not have enough skilled guides,
which is caused by a meager budget for operation. The implication of this is that they
would lose its aesthetic appeal to local residents, who may have been to these sites at
least once in the younger years.

In order to address the aforementioned issue, the government should administer the
following measures. Firstly, it is crucial that museums and heritage sites receive more
media coverage. For example, should news about public events taking place at these
locations be frequently broadcast, they will encourage the locals to COME THERE / pay
them a more frequent visit. Another feasible solution could be to divert more funding
to museums and historical sites. This financial aid could be used to finance more
purchases of new exhibits, hire professional docents, and refurbish monuments, which
can dramatically boost the visual interest of such places.
 SOCIAL MEDIA + GOVERNMENT
GOVERNMENT
- allocate part of the national budget as a financial aid
(for …)
- enact laws regarding … (be subject to a substantial
fine: gánh 1 mức phạt nặng, put law-breakers into
prison)
- impose strict restrictions / censorship on …
- impose a ban on …
- IMPOSE HEAVY TAXES ON __________
- encourage S.O by …
- run a propaganda = launch a campaign
SOCIAL MEDIA
- should receive more media coverage
→ post news / articles regarding … on online platforms →
catch the public attention
 Introduction
- Paraphrase the task
● Reasons and effects
- This tendency / phenomenon is attributable to a host of reasons, and in this
essay, I am going to elaborate on some of the dire consequences / adverse
impacts involved.

→ Topic sentence for body 1

- There are two underlying reasons as to why S V O (paraphrase) / AS TO + N-
PHRASE
- There are two underlying reasons behind this phenomenon.

→ Topic sentence for body 2

- I would contend that such a growing trend / phenomenon is going to have
serious repercussions. (not only on … but also on …)
- I would contend that such a trend may have both beneficial and detrimental
impacts.
● Reasons and Solutions
- This tendency / phenomenon is attributable to a host of reasons, and some
viable / feasible solutions can be implemented to … (address the issues
involved).
→ Topic sentence for body 1
- There are two underlying reasons as to why S V O.
→ Topic sentence for body 2
- In order to tackle the aforementioned issue / problem, the following measures
could prove to be of immense help.
● Effects and solutions
This essay will outline some of the dire consequences / (adverse) impacts this trend
may exert, and suggest some viable solutions to address the issues involved.
→ Topic sentence for body 1
- I would contend that such a growing trend / phenomenon is going to have
serious repercussions (not only on … but also on …)
 - I would contend that such a trend may have both beneficial and detrimental
impacts.
→ Topic sentence for body 2
In order to tackle the aforementioned issus / problem, the following measures could
prove of immense help

PROCESS
Introduction

- Paraphrase the task

● THE + N1 OF N2 (THE PRODUCTION OF COFFEE) = N2 N1 (COFFEE
PRODUCTION)
● HOW X + BE V3ED (HOW COFFEE IS PRODUCED)
The process of hiring new employees
→ how new staff are recruited / hired
→ how recruitment process is carried out

II. Overview
- Indicate how many stages are shown in the process
- Indicate what step the process start and end with
· The process has ... main stages, starting/beginning with ..... and
ending with .....
· There are ... main stages shown in the process, starting/beginning
with ..... and ending with ..... +N-phrase (the collection of X) / Ving
(collecting X) / X being V3ed (X being collected)
The process is quite complicated with a number of stages

III. Body
- Body 1: The first half of the process
- Body 2: The other half of the process
IV. Language notes (Natural + Artificial)
- Simple Present is the key tense used in your writing (No Simple Past)
- Use passive structures for a manufacturing (man-made) process
 - Use active structures for a natural process (Water is evaporated)
- Vary the form of the verbs used/given
E.g. Mix → mixed – mixing + N – mixer – being mixed (then people mix the
coffee with …)
Mix -> V-er / Ving +machine (tool) X is put into a mixer / After being mixed,
X ..... / undergo the mixing process that lasts …

water → freeze → undergo the freezing stage → THE FROZEN LIQUID /

WATER
BEANS → DRY → THE DRIED BEANS THEN ARE PUT INTO A MIXER …
MIX → THE RESULTING MIXTURE IS FROZEN AT + CELSIUS DEGREES .

- Use connectors of sequence between the stages

Structures Examples

Firstly / First of all, At the first stage of the process,

At the first stage of the process, seeds are put into a
grinding/milling machine and
crushed into powder/flour

After that / Then / Afterwards / Following Afterwards, the powder is mixed

this with hot water to create a
mixture.
X is subsequently = then V3ed
THE RESULTING + N (mixture) →
next step

After S V (is/are V3ed or have/has been
V3ed) O, S V (is/are/V3ed) O
After being V3ed / having been V3ed, S V O
After the milk is / has been
packed and labeled, it is delivered
to local supermarkets.
After being packed and labeled /
having been packed and labeled,
the milk is delivered to local
supermarkets.
Before S V O, S V (is/are V3ed or have/has Before being delivered to local
been V3ed) O supermarkets, the milk has been
packed and labeled. (4 5 6)
Before being V3ed, S V O

Finally At the final stage of the process,

At the final stage of … the coffee is packed and ready for
delivery to local supermarkets.

1. Có ba giai đoạn chính được chỉ ra trong sơ đồ, bắt đầu với việc thu thập các
chai thủy tinh đã qua sử dụng và kết thúc bằng việc giao sản phẩm là các chai
mới đến các cửa hàng bán lẻ.

2. Các chai lọ này sau đó được đập vỡ ra từng mảnh trong nhà máy và đưa
qua một lò nung, nơi mà chúng được nung ở nhiệt độ 800 đến 1000 độ C

3. Sau khi bị bỏ vào máy xay (miller / grinder / milling mahcine / grinding
machine) , những hạt đậu bị nghiền thành bột và sau đó đem đi trộn với
nước lạnh.

4. Tiếp theo, các sản phẩm nhựa đã được phân loại được chuyển đến các nhà
máy xử lý bằng xe tải vận chuyển, ở đây chúng được chuyển hóa thành các
dạng sản phẩm có thể sử dụng được.

5. Đầu tiên, người ta sẽ dùng một máy đào lớn (Excavator / digging machine) để
đào đất sét (clay) lên.

6. Trước khi đóng gói ở giai đoạn 5 (in the 5th stage), các chai thủy tinh được xử
lý ở một phòng làm lạnh (cooling chamber) từ 24 tới 48 tiếng.

7. Trước khi gạch được chuyển đến nhà máy nơi mà chúng được nung từ 10 đến
20 tiếng, chúng được định thành khối (be shaped in blocks) bằng các máy cắt
hoặc khuôn (mould).
vertical city >< horizontal city
all towns should have public squares + parks
→ a sense of community / mental life / adorn
the city with green/open spaces
 MAP REVIEW

North: farmland → part of it → housing +

bridge over the river
Roundabout
+East: factories → housing + playground
(north) + school (easternmost part)
 +ways → added leading from the roundabout
to the West + North
+factories → housing + shops and medical
center (location)
South: a smaller roundabout

It is planned that
X is planned/projected to V
will + Vo
eastermost part of the town
 +Transport facilities & Road networks
(Changed)
→ road networks → the construction /
erection of 2 roundabouts (location)
+Road (unchanged): two ways / routes /
roads to get access to … → Road 1 (Where),
while Road 2 (where)

Overall, it is clear that X undergo

significant transformation / renovations in
terms of road and transport, with the
construction of ….
The most striking change can be seen in
the construction of …
 ●para: the layout ~ how … is organized ~
the typical arrangement of …
promote / encourage collaborative /
cooperative working environment/ styles
= share the same working space ><
individually = isolated working space

BODY 1:

tables (workers / employees) → placed/put side by side / next to ~ adjacent to

one another → facilitate collaboration + make it easy for group discussions
/activities

2 two large areas / working spaces, and each of them WHICH is

supervised /overseen / monitored by a section manager.

>< American → promote individual working styles, with 2 rows of separate

cubicles + high walls → stay more focused on / minimize surrounding
distractors / distractions

Where the managers work

+ Japan: DEPARTMENT MANAGER → face-to-face → employees /
subordinates → easily monitor / supervise what … are doing …/ have a
close supervision over …
- America: work separately + on the eastern wing of the office.

BODY 2: AMENITIES + WINDOWS

America: → listing the amenities + location (western wing) >< Japan (there are
no such amenities ~ such amenities are not found / provided in … )
Windows
SPEAKING PART 3
+ 5-6 SENTENCES
+ Lead-in (background (personalities / interests /
abilities / knowledge / financial background) /
popularity ~ omnipresence)
+ Generalization → Specification (WHAT / WHY)
(There may be a host of / a myriad of / a bunch
of Ns, → CHIEF AMONG THOSE IS … / THE FIRST
ONE THAT SPRINGS TO MY MIND RIGHT NOW IS
… / THE (ONLY) ONE I CAN THINK OF ~ I CAN
COME UP WITH RIGHT NOW IS (THAT)
_________
→ AND YA/ OH / LET’S SEE WHAT CAN I TELL
YOU MORE ABOUT THIS… → ANOTHER … THAT
SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IS …
(the majority / the general public → personal
experience / examples)

● Tips
- I cant speak for everyone / It’s a matter of
personal preferences / X may vary from
person to person → It’s quite hard for me to
 generalize here / tell you exactly +
PARAPHRASE)
- Background knowledge → I am not sure what
I am gonna tell you is plausible not

KNOWLEDGE:
- I GOTTA BE BRUTALLY HONEST ~ IT MAY SOUND
EMBARRASSING, BUT … / WELL, SHAME ON ME,
… → I have little knowledge about … / I dont
know the first thing about … / I havent the
faintest idea about …
FINANCIAL BACKGROUND:
- have a meager income
- live on a tight budget / live on a shoestring
- dont have the financial means to afford / to V
- X may cost a big fortune / are not budget-
friendly / are beyond the budget of most
people / students

SPEAKING PART 3_FEEDBACK

 1. What are the differences between traditional and modern
agriculture?
PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE → A HOST OF – > THE MOST STRIKING ONE
→ ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGIES → INSTEAD OF FEATURES OF A ><
FEATURES OF B → PERSONAL OPINION / COMMENT + PERSONAL
EXPERIENCE / ATTACHMENT

PARAPHRASE: TRADITIONAL = CONVENTIONAL

MODERN = CONTEMPORARY
→ THE WAY PP DO FARMING IN THE PAST AND NOW.
REQUIRE MUCH PHYSICAL EFFORT / BE PHYSCIALLY-DEMANDING
→ EXPLAIN: >< ADOPT CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGIES → LESS
LABOR-INTENSIVE → YIELD MORE CROPS / BOOST THEIR
PRODUCITIVY → ABLE TO GROW MORE CROPS THROUGHOUT A
YEAR.

ON THE FLIP SIDE, → MAKE A LUCRATIVE INCOME → HAVE A

TENDENCY TO UTILIZE AGRICULURAL CHEMICALS LIKE …. → BITTER
TRUTH / A PITY
HOW HAVE NEW TECH CHANGED THE WAY YOUNG KIDS SPEND
THEIR FREE TIME?
DUE TO NEWLY INTRODUCED TECHNOLOGIES, MANY RADICAL
SHIFTS HAVE BEEN WITNESSED IN THE WAY YOUNGSTERS ALLOT
THEIR FREE TIME.

WHAT KINDS OF PRESSURE MAY PEOPLE EXPERIENCE AT WORK?

STUDENT → WORK ENVI - SIMILAR TO - the first / big pressure ->
peer pressure / meet a colleague -> higher income → make them
stressed at work / the heavy workload – > have been received - not
much passion → complete many work every day →
A AND B → FOR THE FORMER >< FOR THE LATTER
CAPACITY / CAPABILITY
suffer stress for extended periods
stem from A B C → example> A1,B1,C1

THE RISK/ POSSIBILITY OF REDUNDANCY

Why are there so many people who dont pay much attention to
environmental problems?

● Có nghĩ các business đang bị bắt phải go

green không?

(Do you think many companies are now forced

to go green?) in a response to a growing
concern of consumers abt the environment.
→ business strategy.
boycott (v)

draw huge pulic attention / arouse growing

concerns among the public.

enact environmental laws → green business → apart

from making profits + take social responsibilities /
pay attention to environmental concerns / not
allowed to make huge profits at the expense of the
environment
For example → install waste / sewage treatment
system → otherwise → get heavy fines / would be
subject to a heavy / a substantial fine

manufacture eco-friendly goods

aesthetics
intangible pressure
PLEASE / DISPLEASED

AFTER THE APP WAS INTRODUCED .

LAUNCHED
AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF THE APP
→ THE LEVEL OF SATISFACTION +
TREND, WITH + FIGURES
5% → S REFUSED TO ANSWER / DIDNT
GIVE THEIR REPLY / ANSWER.
felt dissatisfied and very dissatisfied?
THEY GAVE POSITIVE / NEGATIVE
FEEDBACK - THEY WERE HAPPY /
UNHAPPY

said / claimed / reported /stated that they ….

PLEASED / DISPLEASED
felt very dissatisfied and dissatisfied?
SPEAKING PART 2 - FEEDBACK
NGOC TRAN - A TIME YOU WERE LATE FOR A
MEETING
I have a good sense of punctuality - try not to be
late for … - tried to make it late - LIVE ON A
TIGHT BUDGET - EARN EXTRA MONEY TO
COVER SOME OF LIVING EXPENSES - I DIDNT
WANT TO RELY ON MY PARENTS FOR
FINANCIAL SUPPORT - GET STUCK IN TRAFFIC
CONGESTION - TOOK PLACE AT 9 AM - RUSH
HOURS - HALF AN HOUR - SET OFF AROUND 8
AM- PEAK HOURS -

VY NGUYEN - TV PROGRAMME YOU ENJOYED

…
frankly speaking - couch potato - spend hours and
hours … - NALA -all time favorite REALITY SHOW -
for the format of the show - find a partner for a certain
girl with a couple of advisors → participants:
handsome + beautiful → hear their INSPIRING +
meaningful stories - TELL WITH AUDIENCES -

PNHI - ROUTINE YOU ENJOY

running - set this routine for myself - 2 years -
recover from covid 19 - do sth to improve FOR
MYSELF - GIVE RUNNING A TRY -was difficult -
long distance - tendency to … quickly - leg hurt -
HADN’T DONE EXERCISE - one month with
determination -> maintain the routine

present: time + fresh air + make friends + enjoy nature

→

go for a run
go for a walk
go for a stroll
take a leisure stroll / walk
treadmill
does WONDERS for my health (i’ve noticed my
physical stamina has been improved a lot) + get in
shape (lose weight … /get leaner than before →
explain in detail???
HUYNH NHI - COMPLAINT AND SATISFIED
MADE A COMPLAINT - SATISFIED WITH THE
RESULT

A YEAR AGO - WENT TO A CF - ORDER A LATTE

- DISAPPOINTED WITH THE ??? THE MILK WAS
TOO HOT + ESPRESSO → STRONG +
UNDRINKABLE

INTROVERTED - NEVER BEFORE > < SPEAK UP

→ APPRAOCH THE BARISTA? → MAKE ME A
NEW DRINK → DESCRIPTION → SATISFIED
WITHT THE RESULT
APOLOGIZE IN A TRULY SINCERE WAY

LOC - DISAGREEMENT
.. ago - close friend -agree on the budget for the
trip - ….? break the plan -
AI VY - A CHARACTER FROM A MOVIE
gotta be honest - dont have a strong liking for
movies, nor a movie buff - choose one my
favorite FILM? - the old father - CENTERS
AROUND a conflict of a middle-class family -
impressed with the FATHER - contrasting
personalities

quirky sense of humor >< force his children

follow his wishes - low paid job with … driver
financial difficulties → hot-tempered person

no exception - couldnt stop crying - film - should

sympathize FOR my father
KHANH UYEN - OLD INTERESTING PERSON
a big circle of friends of different ages - intriguing
elderly person - 60s / unlike others … habit (go for a
stroll in a central park) - once in a while → go with her

rich life exp - valuable lessons + better version

what really fascinates me abt her - quirky sense
of humor - terms - all the rage among the young

VI - INTERESTING PERSON
ONE PEOPLE
GRANDMA - IN MY EXTENDED FAMILY?
MAKE FRIENDS WITH BÀ NGOẠI????
JOKES
WHEN TALKING TO HER → REPEATED
CAM GIANG - CHILDHOOD FRIEND
old friend - BAO CHAU - …. on me -
delightful person - sure you CANT TAKE YOUR
EYES OFF HER -
wonderful beyond words → SHE SMELLS????
MAKE? SUNSHINE??????? with her bright eyes
and pigtails

chase away the gloomy clouds????

kids → stay with each other + english teacher

paly board games → explain in detail?

watch E programs / explain the meaning

one of the most … THE SLANG … taught me a lot

of slangs - sounds less robotic + my own
personality
MINH TÂM
…. admire?? AT MY GRANDMA’S HOUSE parents
were occupied?
talk about the home of my grandma - detached?
house - located in a small rural area - large + garden
around - GREW vegetables + trees different from
my home - me: apartment in the heart of the city -
what enjoyable most: balcony + go to the balcony to
natter with each other … + nature → go to my grandma’s
house

AI MY - CHILDHOOD FRIEND
remind me of my best friend - first time: primary
school - sat next to each other - similar interests -
listing - reading comics + watching cartoon - .... a
park ? - ... to her house + go to th park with a picnic
lunch + spend all days playing games together - do
homework + READ- stayed together + activities -->
studied in 2 different schools - keep in touch + keep
the photos - sometimes - come flooding back

timid girl >< approachable / amiable → came close to me

+ talk to me = struck up a conversation with me →
become close friends → hit it off / got along like a house
on fire.
catch up over coffee
stand the test of time

NHU Y - SEARCH FOR INFO

talk about a time - traveled to dl city - oct last year - first
time VISITED - plan it down to the last time - didnt
expect any hiccups - spot to get away from the hustle and
bustle - search on different web pages - a huge confusion -
countless destinations recommended - discerning traveler
>< didnt completely believe - read loads of online reviews
+ authentic exp - a more trustable guide for my planning
→ picked out some of my destinations of choice → cloud
hunting - a must-try exp - it lived up to my expectations.
BẢO BẢO - A MOVIE CHARACTER
a...? spend hours FOR ... jack from Titanic - movie
is a blockbuster in 1977 - the most successful
MOVIES OF ALL TIME - background of Jack -->
event: heart-breaking to see sacrifice himself as a
final act of love - his dedication in love - a
lighthearted person - why: break the barrier of rich
and poor people ....
resonate so well with me
BRIDGE / SHORTEN THE WEALTH GAP ~ INCOME
DISPARITY

TỐ UYÊN - A TIME YOU MADE A DECISION TO

WAIT FOR STH
REMINDS ME - delay PURCHASING a phone - worst
for wear + started malfuncitioning - IP13 - went
online to get the best deal for my device - saw an
ADVERT - recommended waiting for a couple of
weeks - the price was anticpated to drop - live on a
tight budget - tried to save - delay my purchase -
wait for the price to come down - dream phone
dropped by ..- satisfied - big fortune - the best
purchase decision I have ever made
nothing was more satisfying when I could get my
dream phone while saving a big sum of money.
I felt more than satisfied
nothing can beat _________

Ý AN - A TIME YOU TAUGHT YOUR FRIEND /

RELATIVE
kick off by telling … younger sister - memory
serves me right - uncle told me to help his ?

a bundle of nerves - a symptom of forgetfulness??

had a memory like a sieve / absent-minded
→ couldnt remember the lesson for extended periods

accepted his invitation → give him a hand / did him a

favor → no exp in edu - quite adept? at some subjects -
decided to teach her

set a routine - spend 1 hour teaching … - useful for

young children - short attention SPAN - traditional
way _study with / use flashcards - the best way for
her to increase her memory - finally she passed the
exam with flying colors
MINH ANH - AN OUTDOOR ACTIVITY YOU DID IN A
NEW PLACE
had a picnic - in a new place - a park in the HEART
- PREPARE a lot of - food and drinks to snack on -
didnt cost much in total - we done with our
preparation - woke up early to REACH the location
on time - prepare some food + decorations? to take
some photos - chichating ABOUT EVERYTHING
UNDER THE SUN - more trees - fresh air - IMMERSE
ourselves? + photos to save the memories - a
much-needed break for both my friends and me
after such a nerve-racking semester / a real
weekend getaway - to get out and go out

A GIFT YOU RECEIVED

a time I receive money on my birthday - significant
milestone - celebrate my big day - expected a lot of gifts -
thoughtful and generous in my life - treated me to sth nice
… → Danang -
wine and dine
as a token of appreciation
A FRIEND FROM DIFFERENT CULTURAL
BACKGROUND
first I exam -access TO … online chatting app - a
video call - kinds of people who came from all
around the world - impress the most /AMONG
THOSE I HAPPENDED TO MEET, the one that left a
long-lasting impression on me - came from
malaysia - 1st moment - stunned by his appearance
- look like an actor - skipped a beat - unlike … –?
knew more abt the culture of my country - that’s the
reason why → get along - WHILE TALKING, WE
DISCOVERED THAT WE share hobbies - both big on
KOREAN food - kept talking … - too late - ending the call
- sang a song - have become friends on fb - until the day
he visits …

DUY TIEN - A FAVORITE PLACE TO RELAX

comes - bedroom
because it belongs to me …
attending uni .. away from my hometown – summer
vacation / tet

at home - in my bedroom - stay and sleep until …

SIT by the window … -> like watchign TV + enjoy
staying at home - lie in my bed → PUT MY FEET UP +
play with my PROJECTOR? - HUNG it on the wall -
dormitory most of the time - 3 roommates - no privacy
-.....???
roommates - different routines → feel no sense of privacy
→ while —> do whatever I want without disturbing
others.

A GIFT YOU RECEIVED

a sweet tooth - cakes - I got from others - cakes I
ever had - 6 years ago - vividly - at the time - fell in
love with my classmate - secretly prepared a gift -
have heard from him - would … to make a
memorable for me - made a birthday cake for himself
- looked for some tutorial videos - medium-sized cake -
filling made from chocolate - MY GO-TO flavor -
tiramisu - a lovely wish on the cake - decorated with ….
→ first time baked a cake + appreciated his effort -
TOUCHING by his gift -
BAO CHAU - HISTORICAL PERIOD
can hardly remember what I am taught in my history
classes - the only historical event → civil war - ….
between North and South … LINGERED in my mind →
had to experience homelessness / many families fell apart
- ashamed - sharing abt this event - conflicts of Vnmese
people - possibly manipulated by foreign invaders - only
event that pique my curiosity + delve into to visualize
during the war times + learn abt …
 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE
OUTWEIGH? = OVERSHADOW
= BE MORE SIGNIFICANT
● Introduction
- Paraphrase (ĐỌC HIỂU Ý CHÍNH → TỰ DIỄN ĐẠT)
Synonyms
Part of Speech (Collocations)
E.g. tend → have a tendency to

E.g. become popular → gain popularity

Structures (Clause → N-Phrase) / Passive → Active and

vice versa

E.g. Although / Because → Despite / Due to

● Popularity (X has been becoming increasingly common)
+ Over the past few years (decades) / In this day and age, X has been gaining
increasing popularity / There has been an ongoing trend towards X (N-PHRASE)
+ Thanks to the advent of __________ in recent years, X has been made easier (and
more accessible/affordable)
● Tendency
+ In recent years, an increasing number of __N(person)_____ have a tendency to V ….
(instead of / in lieu of / rather than …)
+ Recent decades have witnessed an increasing number of _______ Ving …. instead
of / in lieu of ….
- Thesis statement
+ Despite some noticeable drawbacks / disadvantages / demerits /
negative/disadvantageous impacts/effects of this trend, I strongly believe that / I
am of the opinion that the advantages / merits / benefits are more significant. (EM
ỦNG HỘ ADVANTAGES)
 + Despite some noticeable advantages / merits / benefits / advantageous effects of
this trend, I strongly believe that / I am of the opinion that the drawbacks /
disadvantages / demerits / negative impacts are more significant. (EM ỦNG HỘ
DISADVANTAGES)
+ While this trend may indeed have some potential drawbacks/benefits, I opine that
they are eclipsed/outweighed/overshadowed by the substantial
benefits/drawbacks involved.

E.g. Increasing use of plastic goods in food and beverage industry.

Despite the great convenience and cost-effectiveness, I opine that they are eclipsed by
the detrimental impacts these plastic goods may exert on the environment and public
health.
Method: 1 main idea → detailed explanation

+ DIS > AD: DIS 1 → AD 1 → DIS 2 → AD 2

BODY 1: AD1
BODY 2: DIS 1 AND DIS 2

● Body 1 (viết cái k ủng hộ)

On the one hand, X may bring significant advantages to S.O / S.O may REAP
SIGNIFICANT / TREMENDOUS BENEFITS FROM X.
On the one hand, X is advantageous to a certain extent.

The first / the most/STRIKING visible one is that __________________ / First of all,
______________________. SUPPORTING IDEAS. Another major benefit that should be
taken into consideration / should not be overlooked is that
_________________________. SUPPORTING IDEAS.

● Body 2 (viết quan điểm cá nhân)

 On the other hand, I would argue that the drawbacks brought about by X may
outweigh the above-mentioned benefits.
On the other hand, I am convinced that the aforementioned advantages pale in
comparison with the significant disadvantages of X
On the other hand, notwithstanding the aforementioned drawbacks, I am convinced that
X brings greater benefits.

The development of tourism contributed to English

becoming the most prominent language in the world
(international / worldwide global
~ in different parts of the world ~ in every corner of the
world ~ across the globe)
. Some people think that this will lead to English
becoming the only language to be spoken globally. Do u
think the advantages of having one language in the
world outweigh the disadvantages?

+ ONE LANGUAGE → NO DIFFERENCE → NO

COMMUNICATION BARRIERS → PROMOTE
MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN COUNTRIES
→ PAVE THE WAY FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADES
→ THRIVING ECONOMY.

- ONE LANGUAGE ~ SYNONYMOUS WITH THE FACT

THAT ALL OTHER LANGUAGES WOULD
DISAPPEAR / VANISH → THE LANGUAGE OF EACH
NATION IS INEXTRCABLY LINKED WITH THE ITS
CULTURE → SUFFER A HUGE LOSS OF CULTURAL
IDENTITY AND DIVERSITY .
- MAY LEAD TO THE COLLAPSE OF
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM → SHARE SIMILAR
CULTURES → DO NOT AROUSE THE CURIOSITY OF
TRAVELERS →
 THEY DO NOT FEEL THE NEED + TO V → EXERT
ADVERSE IMPACTS ON THE ECONOMY OF EACH
NATION ~ SUFFER HUGE ECONOMIC LOSSES.

In some countries, the difference in age between parents and children is

generally greater than it was in the past. Do you think the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages?

+ financial stability / become financially

independent → cover daily expenses / meet
fundamental necessities (in childcare /child
rearing / child upbringing) (food, clothing →
during their formative years of development,
tuition fees → during their school years) →
well-rounded development for their child /
children / offspring.
+ accumulate a wealth of experience in
childcare /child rearing / child upbringing
→ ready for their parenting role / for their
parenthood

- the huge generation gap → In fact → striking

differences / disparities ~ sharp distinction in
thoughts, lifestyles ~ do not share common /
similar interests / hobbies / ways of thinking
For example → FASHION (follow strange ~
peculiar ~ bizarre ~ eccentric ~ unusual
fashion trends from developed countries / of
their superstars, which would be considered
socially unacceptable / inappropriate by their
parents → unnecessary / serious conflicts +
arguments would arise / misunderstandings
between A and B, compromising their
family bonds.

respect / give much value to traditional

customs / rituals / norms, such as
ANCESTRAL VENERATION /
WORSHIPPING, which would be
considered unnecessary by their offspring

→ family talks → share their personal thinking

/ life perspectives → promote a mutual
understanding + bridge/shorten the gap
between the two generations.

In some countries, small town-centre shops are going out of

business because people tend to drive to large out-of-town
stores. As a result, people without cars have limited access
to out-of-town stores, and it may result in an increase in the
 use of cars. Do
the ads of this change
outweigh the dis?
engender environmental concerns
give rise to car use
lead to the increasing use of personal vehicles
→ deteriorate the air quality

incur hidden / added costs, including shipping

and transportation cost ~ fuel cost →
disadvantageous for those struggling
financially.

Traffic and accommodation problems are increasing and government

should encourage businesses to move from cities to rural areas. Do the
advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
WRITING TASK 1 - MIXED CHARTS

0-14: 22.61 → 17.2%

15-64: 70.48 (nearly ¾).. → 62.30%
65+: 6.91 → 20.5% → TĂNG GẤP 3 (approximately / roughly)

DIÊN ĐẠT THÌ TƯƠNG LAI

expect / forecast / anticipate / project / predict
X V2ed → X be + V3ed to V (trend / feature)
The car sales are expected to increase …..
It is V3ed that X will Vo…

Age groups
● People who fell into the 40 to 49 age group = people falling into the 40 to 49 age
group
● People who were between 40 and 49 years old = people between 40 and 49 years
old
● People who were aged 40 to 49 = people aged 40 to 49.
● 40-to 49-year-old people // 40-to 49-year-olds
● The 40-49 age group
● The 40-49s
● People who were in their forties = people in their forties.
● People in the age range of 40 to 49
● People aged 65 or more = elderly/older people aged 65 or over
● People aged 20 or under = people aged 20 or younger

USEFUL LANGUAGE
● account for = make up = take up =
constitute = comprise

1-2% an insignificant / a very 33% approximately / roughly

small proportion one-third / a third
/percentage / fraction
OF

5% a small fraction 49% almost / nearly a half

just below a half

10-15% the minority 50% a half

20% one fifth / a fifth 52% just over / more than a half

25% a quarter 66% two-thirds

75% three-quarters / three- 80% the majority

fourths
Overview:
- Total (trend)
- 2000, Aus (coal) >< France (nuclear)
Chart A illustrates ..., while chart B depicts …
● the amount of time DURING WHICH young
pp in VN were unemployed.
HOW LONG + S + WERE UNEMPLOYED
% … of the people surveyed SAID THAT /
REPORTED THAT / CLAIMED THAT THEY
WERE OUT OF WORK DUE TO LACK OF
NECESSARY SKILLS / BECAUSE THEY
LACKED ESSENTIAL SKILLS.

70% ….. cited/regarded + N as + the reason

why / the cause behind …

In terms of / With regard to / Regarding why ….., 70% …

X was a significant contributing factor to the unemployment among the young, with …
SPEAKING FEEDBACK PART 1 (cont)
- believe - pp stick their eyes - interact with their
friends more
- not too much - once per day - noti from my friends -
communication with my family. - didnt pay much
- almost my friends - barely dont have time - rare to
see their account online - use it for messages and
texts
- are used FB - entertain - marketing - for keep in touch
meet different demands / for different purposes
- fairly standard? rise up and take a quick bath? - KICK
OFF A NEW DAY no better way than .. - get me going
a lot to have full energy for all day long.
- frankly - dont wanna change my daily routine - CALL IT
A DAY AROUND 10 PM >< SOMETIMES → pull an all
nighter - to cram for exams
STICK TO THIS ROUTINE
- AS AN INTROVERTED PERSON ? LIE IN MY BED,
WATCH SOME MOVIES WITH MY BESTIE - IT’S A
DAY OFF - GIVE ME SOEM TIME TO LOOK BACK
AND THINK OF SOME PLANS FOR THE FUTURE
- dress to the nines -
- other people >< not that significant → normal day - no
need to lavish on parties - do whatever we enjoy - that’s
enough.
- live right in the heart of … - VEHICLES - pp talking - a
part of my daily life - LOUDER and disturbing.
 - cheesy - the voice of my beloved - a sense of
security and contentment .
- quiet space - has become much noisier - more
businesses are opened, moving with all disturbing
noises - part of the development - get used to it.

T-SHIRTS
1.a big fan of t-shirts → MUST-HAVE ITEMS IN MY
CLOSET - most of the clothes are Tees - ranges – colors -
rainbow
2.NEITHER OF THEM? hard for me to FREE STYLE?
have their own specific meanings - plain ones - MIX
AND MATCH with other clothes /ACCESSORIES -
make my outer appearance. → HAVE SIGNATURE
OUTFIT OF MY OWN
3.it depends .. how they match - wear a casual V-neck /
auntie wears LEATHER BOOTS + jeans jacket -
looks so fabulous and fancy.
know how to spice up her outfit with a pair of leather
boots and jeans jacket.
CHOCOLATE
1.don enjoy the bitterness of chocolate - quite keen on
the decoration -they come in different colors and
shapes.
2.maybe I have - considering the diversity of
chocolates … in terms of .. packaged in a …
TECHNOLOGY
1.BOTH OF THEM - CAN HARDLY TELL WHICH I USE
ON A MORE FREQUENT BASIS → PURPOSES
2.lasr year - cell phone - worst for wear - started
malfunctioning - couldnt Vo … decided to purchase a new
one for me → was the latest model of the kind.
3.dont see myself buying new tech devices soon - ipad -
notebook - lighter - save a lot of files and assignments →
benefits - save up money.
ACCOMMODATION
1.a small apartment in HCM - in district 10 -
CONVENIENT - there are all the public facilities
around - 5 minutes to get almost everything I need.
2.chance - expand my living room - have a TV and sofa -
couch potato - convenient→ fantastic → to …
3.big buildings and .. see the light underground. → gaze at
the stars / enjoy moon watching every now and then
= every once in a while
T-SHIRTS
1.YES - T-SHIRTS HAVE BEEN FAMOUS AMONG
YOUNG PP - NO EXCEPTION - BEST CHOICE - HANG
OUT WITH MY FRIENDS - VERSATILE - MIX AND
MATCH WITH OTHER ACCESSORIES.
2.COMBINE THEM WITH DIFFERENT ITEMS - IF THE
ELDERS KNOW HOW MIX AND MATCH - THEY WILL
LOOK FASHIONABLE - TRENDY JUST LIKE THE
 YOUNG OR THEY MAY BECOME A FASHION
DISASTER.

HOUSEWORK AND COOKING

1.give a hand once in a while - mom who makes the
menu - responsible FOR other stuff - listing
2.grab a quick BITE, VN bread - at weekends - not in a
rush / have some time on our hands - will gather
together and enjoy homecooked breakfast

OUTER SPACE AND STARS

1.definitely - research → CAN DO WONDERS FOR the
future of human beings- a chance for us to explore the
universe - find another kind of RESOURCES - pave the
way for our next generation - settle down in another planet.
2.SHOULD THE OPPO PRESENT IT SELF - GIVE IT A
SHOT - AROUSE MY CURIOSITY - A CHILD -
ALWAYS WANT TO EXPLORE ABT THE UNIVERSE
AND OTHER PLANETS ..
JEWELRY
1.MAKE ME WEAR . - ELEGANT ACCESORIES - SPICE
UP MY OUTFIT SOMETIMES
2.NEVER - TOO EXPENSIVE - CANT AFFORD IT - GET
A JOB - EARN ENOUGH MONEY - >< EARN A
DECENT INCOME - GET ONE FOR MY MOM AS A
TOKEN OF APPRECIATION/GRATITUDE
3.THEY WEAR IT OUT OF HABIT - SENTIMENTAL
VALUES - GIFT FROM .. SOMEONE CLOSE TO THEIR
HEART - HAVE A STRONG AFFECTION FOR IT.
 3.
SPEAKING FEEDBACK
- have a knack for singing - household
chores - would turn on my favorite songs
and hum along with music - for me, a great
way to unwind
- honestly - no idea - not confident -
awkward - to sing in public or for everyone
- sing on my own - perfect (bedroom)
- i think so - for those have a talent for singing -
feel a great sense of achievement - finish a
whole song >< stressed out - blow off some
steam. → an outlet for our negative
emotions
- yes, a long time - not sure - plausible or
not >< for the most part - great scientists -
contribute to make our life better / how
things work / natural phenomena.
- was a little …? spend hours and hours to
binge-watching - pique my curiosity >< get
older - not anymore - time-consuming - go
to youtube
→ have been watching loads of …. SINCE I
WAS A CHILD → discovery channels - > wild
 life → pique my curiosity → there’s so much
more i HAVE TO LEARN ABOUT THE
SURROUNDING WORLD.
- quite close to the main street/road - traffic
sounds - honking of vehicles - sounds of engine
from heavy machinery - apart from it/that /
every once in a while → singing from
neighbors, which is annoying.
- A BIT OF A / MUCH OF A nature lover -
nature: …??? (the sounds of the rain
PITTER-PATTERING / FALLING ON THE
WINDOW or the birds chirping) videos abt
this sound - sleeping / studying.
- because i am studying in my final year -
almost all my weekends - have deadlines -
spend the whole weekend doing .. /
enjoying my company
be in my final year -> even on weekends → am
usually occupied with loads of deadlines →
working on my assignments / spend a little time
…

- did → HONESTLY - kinda lazy - didnt do

anything special - LAZED AROUND /
 LOUNGED AROUND → wantED to get a good
rest - LIE IN my bed, LAZING AROUND /
LOUNGING AROUND - binge-watching … -
valuable / alright
- AN avid reader - 2 3 times a week -
immerse myself - constructive - materials
that come in handy.
- a little girl - … to go to the lib - would find
a com + surf the I - overjoyed – thought /
was gonna work on my lessons- stayed
online.
- not sure abt the popularity of lib ->
school/uni has once - borrow books + …
>< central / local ones →not well attended by
many people → probably because now they can
find literally everything they need on the I.
- Sad to say, the popularity of libraries has been on the wane during the past
few years. I think it’s got a lot to do with the fact that now people can easily
find what (literally everything) they need on the Internet, it’s like an endless
source of information. They dont feel the need to visit the library anymore.
Libraries now are just popular with students when they look for somewhere
quiet to work on their assignments or cram for their exams.
- confess - hopeless at THE cooking - dont know
how to use kitchen utensils / season the food →
hard to cook for myself and my beloved.
- have to admit - kinda obedient - do household
chores: sweeping the house, wiping the window,
doing the laundry, mopping the floor, TO NAME
BUT A FEW / YOU NAME IT - could extra pocket
money for it.
- pretty / not on a daily basis - mom prepare -not
to skip bf - whip up a SIMPLE but HEARTY MEAL.
- cant thank her enough for that.
- not a science lover - have never watched some
kinda outer space and stars / MOVIES ABOUT
SUCH A FIELD / SPACE-THEMED MOVIES - DO
NOT PIQUE my curiosity
HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH MY DAILY LIFE.
- kinda depends - study about stars - have nothing
to do with my major /
I AM CLUELESS ABT / I HAVENT THE FAINTEST
IDEAS / DONT KNOW THE FIRST THING ABT
- THE WAY I SEE IT, → be of paramount
importance in scientific research MAYBE → … to
do some research - maybe they can predict sth:
unforeseeable things + SOLUTIONS
- FASCINATING - SHOULD THE OPPO PRESENT
ITSELF - GIVE IT A TRY - KNOW STH BEYOND THE
EARTH (extraterritrial life) (ALIENS, WALKING IN
THE AIR / BREATHE OUTSIDE THE EARTH/IN THE
SPACE)
- not good at numbers - work out the complicated
rules behind - daunting task for me - prefer
doing word puzzles like a crossword instead.
- can i say neither of them? do sth simple to
unwind - not too intellectually demanding like
doing a puzzle >< only solve one when someone
asks me for help.
- ab yes - brain-stimulating act - improve mental
health - GRADMA - HEALTHY MIND, PARTLY
BECAUSE SHE USUALLY DOES PUZZLES WITH ME
AND MY LITTLE SISTER.
- yes - a compulsory subject - in my curriculum in
my high school / sec - got to learn . geo features
of different parts of the world / how human
cultures interact with the natural environment.
to the best of my recollection / if i am not
mistaken
- as much as I love GEO -not good at = hopeless -
hard to understand DIFFERENT ICONS AND
SUPER TINY LINES ON IT - fortunately → gg map -
in case I get lost
- afraid not - never consider … prioritize the
unique local cultures / cuisine.
- would say so - big key holder - different / dozens
of keys on it - one for … one for , to name but a
few → AS U CAN GUESS, get trouble finding the
right one.
- may sound EMBARRASSING -have lost keys
several times? small key ring to keep them
together - GET INTO THE habit OF put it into my
backpack - put it back to the key holder - doesnt
take me much time to find it / lose it anymore.
- YES OF COURSE - LOADS OF / LOTS OF
CONVENIENCE AND GROCERY STORES + THEY
OFFER A WIDE RANGE OF GOODS - FROM .. AT A
QUITE REASONABLE PRICE. → FIND EVERYTHING
I NEED …
- MATTER OF PERSONAL PREFERENCES - DAILY
NEEDS - GROCERY OR STATIONERY -> SMALL
 >< BRANDED GOODS → BIG CORPORATIONS →
ALTHOUGH COST ME A BIG FORTUNE.
- a materialistic - more inclined to V - better
career prospects - handsome salary - workforce
which may be hardly found in small ones.
- honest - almost every day - working / relaxing /
before going to bed - listen to songs with gentle
melodies → make me feel comfortable / relieve a
lot of stress.
It’s hard to tell, cuz it’s a matter of personal
preferences → depends on - elderly → country
music >< young → … music → express their
personality

- wear T-shirts - dont know how many tees I

bought - simple/ comfy / mix and match with
other items / whatever items i LIKE.
- I would say neither of them ???? for the simple
reason? → some tees with pictures / texts →
TACKY and CHILDISH → with …/ plain T-shirt
- why not? own taste in fashion? mix and match
the clothes they like - MOM: wear T-shirt at
 home / go out →younger than she (really) is =
youthful / stylish .
- overlooks the main road- my neighborhood -
walking along the street + do exercise in the
morning
- love my house - there is no room for
improvement - would like to live in a big villa
with …my own pool and my own garden.
cramped - dont even have my own
personal space -
- they have a strong liking for SM → social
media addicts - spend hours and hours -
lazing / lounging around their smart phones,... -
that’s terrible - i think they’d better use them
in moderation.
- tiktok …? is not only for entertainment where
… + business → use tiktok as their marketing
tool to promote their products + get more
customers from that kind.
WITHOUT A DOUBT,
PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT AGES / FROM
ALL WALKS OF LIFE →
→ UNDERSTANDABLE → WHY TIKTOK
IS SO ALL THE RAGE = POPULAR NOW.
- CHILDHOOD SNACKS WAS NOT
CONFECTIONERY - FRUITS / SWEET
POTATOES, TO NAME BUT A FEW ->
HAD THOSE THINGS FOR SNACKS
- …PECKISH AT AROUND 3 IN THE
AFTERNOON - A COUPLE OF HOURS
AFTER LUNCH - SNACK TIME - TRY TO
AVOID LATE-NIGHT SNACKING
(SNACK ON ______)
- Can hardly tell exactly which one i use
on a more frequent basis - academic ><
entertainment
- into photography - moments + details -
PLAN / AM ABOUT to buy a new
DIGITAL camera for taking photos +
WHEN I …
- FORTUNATELY- PROMINENT SCHOOL
- HIGH-QUALITY - PRACTICAL
CURRICULUM - OPPO - TO DEVELOP
ESSENTIAL SKILLS, SUCH AS …
I AM FORTUNATE ENOUGH TO
ATTEND ONE OF THE MOST
 PROMINENT SCHOOLS IN MY
HOMETOWN..
- PROJECTORS
- NORTHERN REGION - IF U HAVE BEEN
HERE LONG ENOUGH - 4 DISTINCT
SEASONS - VARY A LOT - SUMMERY
MONTHS - GET SWELTERING >< DIP
IN THE WINTER. I GET USED TO IT
ALREADY.
- HONEST - SUMMER GIRL - …
PHOTOGENIC AND FULL OF EASE
- yes -almost every day - watch -
indispensable - manage my time -
beautiful fashion accessory - that can
spice up my outfit a bit.
- suppose - their own reasons - get
attached to .. might be a story behind it
- a family heirloom passed down from ..
another reason - out of habit - they
have bought it for a long period … to
lazy to change the new one - it stays…
- idea has never crossed my mind -
consult with my parents - sth i WOULD
TAKE INTO ACCOUNT - my expectation
/ avoid attention-grabbing …
- quite hard to GENERALIZE - years ago
- attach their childrens names with a
certain name >< whatever names -> as
long as beautiful or meaningful.
- would call myself - big fan - eat .. on a
daily basis - recharge batteries - hard-
working day - contains a large amount
of calories - cut down on …
- oke.
- early bird - not wake up late >< night
owl - call it a day / pull an all-nighter →
- terrible, not good, bad exp → waking up →
burnt out / exhausted / lethargic / sluggish /
worn out / completely drained- cant focus
on anything
WRITING TASK 1 - MAP
INTRODUCTION
1. The maps given illustrate significant changes / alterations that took place in / at …
between X and Y
(KHI ĐỀ CHO HAI NĂM Ở QUÁ KHỨ)

2. The maps given illustrate significant changes / alterations that have taken place in /
at … between X and Y (KHI ĐỀ CHO 1 NĂM QUÁ KHỨ VÀ TODAY/NOW/PRESENT)

FUTURE: CHANGES THAT ARE PLANNED TO TAKE PLACE

OVERVIEW (new features + exterior → interior)

Overall, it is clear that … underwent / saw / has undergone / has seen a substantial
transformation/change with
- the erection / construction of _______ (some blocks)
- new additions of ________ (some areas)
- the replacement / relocation of _______ (some facilities/rooms)
BODY
● LOCATION
BE LOCATED / SITUATED / CONSTRUCTED/ ERECTED/PLACED + VỊ
TRÍ

- To/In the East/West/South/North of the river / building.

- On the Eastern/Western/Southern/ Northern side of
- Along the road / river / stream
- On the Western tip of …
- At the bottom/top right/left-hand corner
- In the middle/central/center of the X (building / museum,...)

● CHANGES
* Construction of Sth New
- Be located / situated + location
- Be built / constructed / erected / added (OPPOSITE / ACROSS FROM…)
* Changes in Size
X be reduced / increased / enlarged / expanded (in size)
The period saw/HAS SEEN a significant extension of X
- Be extended / reduced significantly

* Destruction / Replacement

- X was (completely) converted into Y

- X was/ HAS BEEN demolished / knocked down/ destroyed to make way/room for Y.
- X was replaced by Y.
- Y was built at the place where X used to be.
● UNCHANGED
- Remain unchanged in terms of size and position.
- Do not increase in terms of its overall area (diện tích).

BODY 2: → TRANSITIONAL SENTENCE → OVERVIEW

RAMP → SLOPE
Another highlight is that

another significant alteration is that

The final change that can be seen in the layout of the art gallery is that

Position + be + feature, WHICH + change.

TAKING UP / OCCUPYING + POSTION + BE + FEATURE

EX 4 HAS BEEN DIVIDED INTO / HAS BEEN DEMOLISHED TO MAKE ROOM FOR / TO
MAKE WAY FOR AN AREA FOR TEMPORARY EXHIBITION/DISPLAYS AND CHILDREN’S
ZONE / INDOOR PLAYGROUND FOR CHILDREN .

DIVIDED INTO TWO SMALLER AREAS: ONE FOR …, AND THE OTHER FOR …

HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO THE NORTH WITH THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CAR PARK.

IN THE WEST / EAST → ON THE EASTERN WING / WESTERN WING.

A SET / A ROW OF FUNCTIONAL ROOMS / AREAS

the very first / the most striking change is
the construction of a tramline leading
from … to …

downtown areas have been

pedestrianized
a tramline has been erected, LEADING
from … to … UNI + location
LISTENING MULTIPLE CHOICE
Listening Part 2
Questions 11-15
Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.
11 What was recently discovered at this site?
A. a written text about the area
B. various tools used for farming → FUNCTION / PURPOSE / POPULARITY
growing PRODUCE

C. THERE ARE some drawings (PAINTINGS / PICUTRES/ PHOTOS / …) showing

the garden
12 This location is good for gardening because
A. the weather is warm.
B. there is enough water.
C. it is protected from the wind.
13 In 1860, what was built on this site?
A. a medical centre
B. a type of factory
C. a base for soldiers
14 Today, the fruit and vegetables from the gardens
A. are sold to businesses in the area.
B. are given to certain local people.
C. are used by those who work in the garden.
15 The local college now uses the gardens
A. as a location for scientific research.
B. for educating the wider community.
C. to teach its students gardening skills.
MAP LISTENING

JUST SO YOU KNOW = IN CASE U MAY NOT KNOW → GIVE INFO ABT STH / SOMEONE
lower half / upper half
a QUIETER
DIRECTION → IMMEDIATELY / THE FIRST + LEFT / HAND
15 Conference center …………………………
16 New office space …………………………
17 Stores …………………………
18 Finance …………………………
19 Café …………………………
20 IT department …………………………
New topics

1. Describe a historical period you would like to know more

You should say:
When it was
What you are interested in
What you have known
And why you would like to know more.

Part 3
Is there any difference between teaching history through books and movies?
Why are there many children who do not like to learn history?
Are there other ways people can learn about history, apart from at school? How?
Do you think history will still be a school subject in the future? Why?

2. Describe an interesting old person you know

● Lead-in: a big circle of friends of different ages
If I were to choose one INTERESTING / INTRUIGING elderly person → OFF THE TOP OF MY
HEAD IS / I CANT WAIT TO SHARE WITH YOU ABOUT →
● KEY INFO
→ in her/ in his seventies / sixties / wrinkles >< unlike other elderly pp in the living area →
active / dynamic lifestyle → exercise (go for a stroll / take a leisurely stroll / do gentle
exercise) → ONCE IN A WHILE (go with her → talking → personality)

PERSONALITY
- RICH LIFE EXPERIENCES → valuable lessons → better version of myself
- What really fascinates me abt her is her QUIRKY SENSE OF HUMOR → hilarious jokes +
terms that are quite all the rage among the young → habit: social media – > IT’S NO
WONDERS THAT …. – > LOVE TO ENJOY HER COMPANY.

3. Describe a character from a film

→ MOVIE BUFF → SPEND HOURS AND HOURS BINGE-WATCHING + … → IF WERE TO SINGLE
OUT ONE IMPRESSIVE CHARACTER / CHARACTER THAT HAS LEFT A DEEP IMRPESSION ON MY
ME → MALEFICENT PLAYED BY ANGELINA → INTERNATIONALLY ACCLAIMED ….
 ● the background (REVOLVE AROUND …) + role of the character →
what you admire / how you feel abt this character (always came
across as being a wicked witch , someone who is cold-blooded →
actions >< tender care / unconditional love for the princess as if she
were her baby) → contrasting personalities inside this character → i
could actually feel the maternal love from the witch
● THE ACTING OF THE ACTORS / ACTRESSES

4. Describe a person you met at a party who you enjoyed talking with

HAPPENED TO SIT AT THE SAME TABLE, RIGHT NEXT TO EACH OTHER.

WHILE EATING

HAD A BLAST / HAD A WHALE OF A TIME TOGETHER

HAD A BLAST / HAD A WHALE OF A TIME, VING

5. Describe your favorite place in your house where you can relax
You should say:
Where it is
What it is like
What you enjoy doing there
And explain why you feel relaxed at this place

Part 3
1. Why is it difficult for some people to relax?
2. What are the benefits of doing exercise?
3. Do people in your country exercise after work?
4. What is the place where people spend most of their time in their home?

6. Describe a place you visited that was affected by (AIR) pollution

You should say:
Where the place is
What the pollution was
Why you went there
And explain how you felt about the pollution

Part 3
What are the most common types of pollution where you live?
Do you think there is more pollution and rubbish today than in the past?
Why do some individuals not care about pollution and the environment?
What responsibilities should individuals have for looking after the environment? What about
the government?

7. Describe aperson you have met who you want to work/study with
You should say:
Who this person is
How you met this person
How long you have known him/her
And explain why you want to work/study with him/her

Part 3
1. Why should children be kind to their classmates?
2. Can children choose their deskmate?
3. What matters most about a colleague’s personality?
4. Are good colleagues important at work?
5. What kind of people are popular at work?
6. Are knowledgeable people popular at work?

8. Describe a city you would like to go to for a short time

You should say:
What city it is
What you would like to do there
Who you would go there with
And explain why you would like to go there

Part 3
What kinds of jobs are easy to get in a foreign country?
What are the difficulties people may have when studying and working abroad?
Do Vietnamese parents encourage their children to work abroad?
Why do some people want to go to college far away from home?
9. Describe a new development in the area where you live (e.g shopping mall, park,...)
You should say:
What the development is
When/where you noticed it
How long it took to complete it And explain how you feel about it

Part 3
1. What transportation do you use the most?
2. Is public transportation popular in VietNam?
3. What can be improved in public transport services?
4. What leisure facilities can be used by people of all ages?
5. Do you think young people in your country like to go to the cinema?

10. Describe a noisy place you have been to

You should say:
What it is
When you wnet there
What you did there
And explain why you feel it’s a noisy place

Part 3
1. Do you think it is good for children to make noise?
2. Should children not be allowed to make noise under any circumstances?

11.Describe an advertisement you don't like

You should say:

What type of advertisement it is
What product or service it advertises
Where and when you first saw it
And explain why you don’t like it
Part 3
1. What kind of things advertise most in your country
2. Newspaper advertising or online advertising more effective

12. Describe an unusual meal you had

You should say:
When it was
Where you had the meal
What happened during the meal
And explain why it was unusual

Part 3
Are people in Vietnam willing to try food from a different country?
What do you think are the benefits of family members having dinner together?
Is the food that people eat today different to the food that people used to eat in the past?
Do you think people are less willing to cook meals by themselves these days, compared to the
past?

13. Describe a website you often visit

You should say:
What the website is
How you first found out about it
How often you visit it
And explain why you like it

Part 3
What effect has the Internet had on the way people generally communicate with each other?
How do you think communicating by email is different from communicating by text message?
Why do you think the Internet is being used more and more for communication?
How can people find reliable information on the internet?

14. Describe a piece of technology that you feel is difficult to use you should say:
You should say:
What it is
What you got it for
How often you use it
And explain how you feel about using it

Part 3
In what ways has technology affected Vietnamese people’s life?
How has technology changed the way people communicate?
How has technology impacted family relationships?
What are the limitations of technology when it comes to interpersonal relationships?

15. Describe a gift you received

You should say:
What it is
How you got it
What you did
And explain how you felt about it

Part 3
Why do people give others gifts on special occasions?
How has gift giving changed since your grandparents’ time?
What is more important when it comes to giving a gift, cost or effort?
Do you think it's suitable to give money as a gift?

16. Describe something you did with someone or a group of people

You should say:
What it was
Where you did it
Who you are with
And explain how you felt about it

Part 3
Do you think teamwork is an important skill for everyone?
How can children learn teamwork skills at a young age?
What are the ways companies encourage their employees to work with each other?
Why do some people prefer to work alone instead of working with others?

17. Describe your first day at school.

You should say
Where the school was
What happened
Who you talked to
And explain how you felt on that day

Part 3
Do you think students should be taken to school by their parents or go by themselves?
How can children become more independent of their parents?
What is the effect if parents interfere with children’s life too much?
How does changing school affect children?

18. Describe a time when you taught a friend or relative something

You should say:
Who you taught
What you taught
How you taught him or her
And explain how you felt about it

Part 3
What qualities do you think a good teacher should have?
Who do you think can learn new things better, old or young people?
What do you think is the best age for children to go to school?
Do you think students should choose subjects they like?

19. Describe something you did that made you feel proud
You should say
What you did
When you did it
How difficult it was
And explain why it made you feel proud

Part 3
What qualities are needed to become successful?
Do you think the way people gain success has changed?
How important is goal-setting to achieve success?
Is it important for society to celebrate individuals who have achieved success?

20. Describe an activity you enjoyed in your free time when you were young
You should say:
What it was
Where you did it
Who you did it with
And explain why you enjoyed it

Part 3
What type of leisure activities are popular in your country?
Why is it important for people to have leisure activities?
Do you think that parents should choose leisure activities for their children? Why/Why not?
What changes do you think technologies have brought in the way people enjoy their leisure
activities?

21. Describe a time you were late for a meeting

You should say:
What the meeting was for
When the meeting was
Where the meeting was
And explain why you were late

Part 3
What usually makes people feel pressured?
Do you think young people or old people are better at managing time?
Why do young people waste more time than old people?
How can people manage their time better?

22. Describe a piece of good news that you heard about someone you know well
You should say:
What it was
When you heard it
How you knew it
And explain how you felt about it

Part 3
How do most people get their news in your country?
How do you think people will get their news in the future?
Do you believe everything you read in the newspapers?
How has social media changed the way we get and share the news?

25. Describe a routine you have in your life that you enjoy
You should say:
What it is
How often do you do it
Is it easy to stick to that routine
And explain how you feel about it
Part 3
1. What routine do people have at home?
2. What routine does the elderly have?
3. What are the benefits of having a routine for kids at school?

26. Describe a time you made a complaint and were satisfied with the result
You should say:
When it happened
Who you complained to
What you complained about
And explain why you make a complaint about
Part 3
1. What products or services do people in your country like to complain about?
2. Would you buy things in the shops which you have made complaints before?
3. Complaint online or in the shop which is better complaint by talk or writing
4. Do you think customers’ complaints will improve products or services?
5. Are there any disadvantages to set up customer service?

27. Describe a festival or national holiday in your country

You should say:
When the festival occurs
What you did during it
What you like or dislike about it
And explain why this a festival or national holiday is important
Part3:
1. How do people in Vietnam value traditional festivals?
2. What’s the difference between the ways festivals are celebrated now and in the past?
dis outweigh ads

OPINION ESSAY

The best way to solve global

environmental issues is to increase fuel
cost → A/D?

fossil fuels / oil → non-renewable energy

→ become less reliant on fossil fuels →

the depletion of natural resources.

allocate part of the national budget for

the development of renewable energy
launch a park-and-ride scheme

congestion charge

As parents, they should be required to attend parenting

courses every year to bring up their children well and give
them a better environment for growth. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

Some people think that it is necessary to travel abroad to

learn about other countries, but other people think that it is
not necessary to travel abroad because all the information
can be seen on T.V or the Internet. Discuss both views and
give your opinion.

INTRO: NECESSARY
BODY 1: WHY NOT NECESSARY (PEOPLE THINK …)→
ARGUMENT 1 + ARGUMENT 2 / ARGUMENT 1 + COUNTER
ARGUMENT
BODY 2: WHY NECESSARY (I THINK) → ARGUMENT 1 +
ARGUMENT 2

It is believed that women are better at leadership than men.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?
It is believed that women are better at leadership than men,
WHERE AS MANY THINK THAT MEN ARE BETTER. DISCUSS
BOTH VIEWS

C1: WOMEN (AGREE) →

- BODY 1: WHY WOMEN ARE BETTER
- BODY 2: WHY WOMEN ARE BETTER / WHY MEN ARE NOT
AS GOOD AS WOMEN
C2: MEN (DISAGREE)
- BODY 1: MEN > WOMEN
- BODY 2: MEN > WOMEN
C3: WOMEN (AGREE)
- BODY 1: WHY MANY THINK MEN > WOMEN + (COUNTER-
ARGUMENT)
- BODY 2: WHY I THINK WOMEN ARE BETTER.
ARGUMENT: attend parenting courses - required or not?
compulsory - mandatory = obligatory
- AGREE:
+ CULTIVATE THEIR KNOWLEDGE IN TERMS OF CHILD
UPRBRINGING / CHILD REARING / CHILDCARE →
provide lessons / theories / lectures about HOW TO RAISE A
CHILD / THEIR CHILDREN at different developmental
stages / stages of development. (newborn babies, WHILE
teenage years = adolescence) → THIS IS PARTICULARLY
BENEFICIAL FOR + ______
RESULT: NURTURE THEIR CHILDREN PROPERLY /
BRIDGE THE GENERATION GAP / SHAPE POSITIVE /
GOOD PERSONALITIES.
Useful language:
- learn about = get a deeper insight into …= have a better =
a more profound understanding about = EQUIP
THEMSELVES WITH A WEALTH OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT
…)
+ SKILLS: FUNDAMENTAL / ESSENTIAL MEDICAL
SKILLS → how to give first-aid (theories + practice) → deal
with emergency cases.
- DISAGREE:
+ MONEY + TIME
→ COUNTER-ARGUMENT (BODY 1)

INTRO → DISAGREE → NOT REQUIRED

BODY 1 (OPINION OF OTHER PP) : KNOWLEDGE + SKILLS
→ COUNTER ARGUMENT: AVAILIBILITY OF ONLINE
MATERIALS / DOCUMENTS + PASSED DOWN FROM THE
PREVIOUS GENERATIONS

BODY 2: TIME + MONEY

SUPPORT 1
AGAINST 1
BODY 1: AGAINST 1 + (AGAINST 2)
BODY 2: SUPPORT 1 + SUPPORT 2
CONCLUSION

- To what extent do you agree / disagree?

- Discuss both views and give your opinion.
View A and View B
● Support View A
- Approach 1
 Body 1: First reason to support view A
Body 2: Second reason to support view A
- Approach 2 (100% support View A)
Body 1: Reason(s) to go against view B
Body 2: Reason(s) to support View A
- Approach 3 (60/40 → support view A)
Body 1: Reason to support View B → counter-argument
Body 2: Reasons to support view A
Statements to support one view (Body 1)
- There are various reasons why people believe that / might argue that view
A.
REASON 1 (PEOPLE).
- Proponents of the idea that S V O (view A) might put forward the following
reasons.
- It is understandable why people are in favor of the idea that … (view A)
Statements against the other view
- In spite of the above-mentioned arguments, I strongly believe that …view B
- On the other hand, I would argue that ...
Statements for counter-arguments(60/40)
- However, this line of thinking is flawed (because …)
- However, this line of reasoning is not sound (because …)
- However, what the proponents of such an idea / a policy fail to take into
account is the fact that …

● INTRODUCTION
PARAPHRASING
- Opinions are divided on whether S V O. (PARENTING COURSES SHOULD
BE MADE COMPULSORY FOR PARENTS.)
- People have different views with regard to whether S V O

A school of thought is / holds that ...., WHEREAS SOME OPINE THAT / SOME
ARE OF THE OPINION THAT ________ = Many people believe that …..
New topics

Schools

Do you go to good schools?

FORTUNATELY → (PROMINENT) SCHOOL → RENOWNED / FOR THEIR HIGH-QUALITY EDU

TEACHERS (DEDICATED / CONSCIENTIOUS + SUPPORTIVE) + CURRICULUM (VARIED /

PRACTICAL)

What kinds of changes would you like to see in your schools?

AS MUCH AS I ADORE ALL MY SCHOOLS → DOESNT MEAN THERE IS NO ROOM FOR

IMPROVEMENT → CHANGE (UPGRADE THE SCHOOL AMENITIES) >< REALITY (NOT ENOUGH
FACILITIES / RUN-DOWN (adj)

● projectors → more engaging learning experience / lessons

● personal computers → look reference materials / info
● ACs → offer a greater sense of comfort = make us more comfortable, ESPECIALLY ON
THE DOG DAYS OF SUMMER.

GRAMMAR: I WISH

Staying up late

Do you sometimes sleep late? in the middle of finals / at the end of the semester

→ swamped with heavy workload / have a lot on my plate / up to my ears in work and
deadlines → BURN THE MIDNIGHT OIL / PULL AN ALL-NIGHTER + to … (get my work done)

night owl → stay up late / go to bed late out of habit.

→ IT’S NOT UNTIL + time + that I can call it a day.

Did you often go to bed late when you were a child?

→ frequency (almost on a daily basis / once in a blue moon) → why (activities)

→ comparison >< now → BEDTIME

(not that late as i do now - my mom didnt allow me (she said → do a lot of harm to my
development) → 8:30-9pm bedtime (If I am not mistaken) . → at that time → tell a couple of
stories, like fairy tales, fables or LULL ME TO SLEEP / SING A LULLABY TO SEND ME TO SLEEP.

What do you like to do when you stay up late?

Chocolate

Do you like chocolate? have a sweet tooth /chocoholic

Did you like chocolate when you were a child? CRAVE / you can never imagine

Do you give chocolate as a gift to somebody?

Yes, it’s a perfect gift for any occasion → often send my bestie a box of white or dark
chocolates on some special occasions like their birthdays / buy a couple of chocolate bars as a
gift for my nephew when he works hard at school.

Honest with u → live on a tight budget >< X would cost a big fortune →
____paraphrase_______ seems like a no-no for me / that idea has never crossed my mind.
INSTEAD, I would buy sth a bit more affordable or give that person a nice treat, like a dinner
at a restaurant.

How popular is chocolate in your country?

not sure abt the popularity of → as far as I’m concerned // based on my observation
→ widely consumed / have a sweet tooth = big on sugar food → enjoy / binge on chocolate as
snack / snack on chocolate + common gift

Art

Do you like art?

Would you like to be an artist?

What artwork do you have on the walls of your home?

Have you ever visited an art gallery?

Jewellery

Do you like wearing jewellery?

Have you ever bought jewellery as a gift?

What type of jewellery would you like to buy?

What type of jewellery is most popular in your country?

Why do you think some people wear a piece of jewelry for a long time?

Keys

Do you have a lot of keys?

a pair of keys for my house → it would a be nightmare → more than 3 or 4 pockets - have a
memory like a sieve / absent-minded

Absent minded as i am, it would be a nightmare

I would say so - I have a big KEY HOLDER with many, or maybe dozens of different keys on it
→ one for my home, one for my motorcycle, some for my drawers and my cabinets, TO
NAME BUT A FEW → usually get trouble finding the right one.

Do you always take your keys when you go out?

just the ones that are essential → like my home key, THAT’S FOR SURE just not to be locked
outside, …. → I have a small, cute = adorable key chain / key ring to keep them together.

Have you ever lost a key?

→ it may sound embarrassing → i have several times → IT WAS nowhere to be found / MOST
OF THEM WERE nowhere to be found → switch the lock
Do you do anything to avoid losing keys?

Library

How often do you go to the library?

When was the last time you went to a library?

Did you go to the library when you were a child?

How popular are our libraries in your country?

Music

How often do you listen to music?

What kind of music do you like most?

When do you listen to music?

What types of music are most popular in your country?

T-shirt

Do you usually wear T-shirts?

Do you like T-shirts with pictures or prints?

Do you think older people who wear T-shirts are fashionable?

Noise

What type of noises do you often hear?

Are there any sounds you like?

What kind of noise do you dislike most?

Is your area becoming noisier?

Outer space and stars

Did you learn about outer space and stars at school?

Do you think it’s important to study the stars?

Would you like to travel to outer space?

How important is studying the stars considered in your country?

Small Business

Do you prefer buying things from small businesses or big businesses?

→ DEPENDS

SOMETHING FOR MY DAILY NEEDS LIKE … (STATIONERY, … ) → SMALL / THE SCALE OF THE
COMPANY DOESNT MATTER MUCH

BRANDED GOODS → BIG CORPORATIONS → MY PRIORITY → GUARANTEE THE QUALITY OF

THE PRODUCTS THEMSELVES / WARRANTY POLICIES THAT THEY OFFER , ALTHOUGH THEY
MAY COST ME A BIG FORTUNE.

IT’S A MATTER OF PERSONAL PREFERENCES

I WOULD IT DEPENDS (ON … what kinds of goods I am

about to buy…)

● “choice” language
 - I would go for + option (para) / THE FORMER
>< LATTER
- I’m more inclined to V + option (para) / THE
FORMER >< LATTER
- I gravitate / lean towards + option (para) / THE
FORMER >< LATTER

Are there many small businesses where you live?

→ most of the businesses around my living area are kinda small-scaled

→ yes a lot, → there are loads of / a host of ___________ (convenience stores, or grocery
stores, to name but a few) within walking distance from my neighborhood. → FAMILY-RUN
BUSINESSES

They offer a wide range of goods, from clothing to food at a quite reasonable price.

→ visit them on a daily basis you know just to buy some DAILY NECESSITIES or do the
shopping.

Would you prefer to work for a small business or a large business?

better career prospects / BENEFITS PACKAGE

i MAY SOUND A BIT MATERIALISTIC

Staying up late
How often do you stay up late?

When did you last stay up late?

How do you feel after staying up late?

Does anything make it difficult for you to fall asleep?

Weekends

What do you usually do on the weekend?

What did you do last weekend?

What will you do next weekend?

Do you enjoy your weekends now more than you did when you were a child?
TỔNG HỢP CẤU TRÚC TASK 1
A. For charts with time periods
- The first year:
+ X started at …. + year, and then this figure + trend
+ Starting at …+ year, X + trend
+ Despite starting at just … + year, X trend (contrast)
- The following years
+ X increased / fell (ADV) from … to …, followed by a + ADJ + N
(contrast) of/to ... in + year before Ving (again) to/by …
+ X V (ADV) ...., before Ving (again) + to/by …
+ There was + a ADJ N (MỘT CÂU NHẬN XÉT CHUNG), with figures
Ving ...
+ In year, X was recorded at …, which + trend (nối 2 giai đoạn)
+ X was recorded at .... + in year, after which + it / the figure + trend (nối
2 giai đoạn)
+ X had V3ed … + year (the previous one) before Ving … in year
+ X + V + (ADV) …, Ving … (giving additional features: peak,stability,
trough)
E.g. X rose significantly from … to .... between 1975 and 1980,
remaining stable until 1990
Peak: peaking at … - reaching / hitting a peak of …
Stability: remaining (relatively/almost) stable / constant /
unchanged at …
Trough: reaching a low/trough of … / hitting a low/trough of …
+ S V O, with + a special stage in the middle

B. For charts without time periods

+ X + V + …, which + comparison
+ X + V + …, comparison (rút gọn which was …)
… 60 grams in the first year, much lower than …. (..., was lower than, …., which
lower than)
 + While A + trend, B + contrasting trend = A + trend, whereas /while B +
conversing trend.
+ S V O. Comparison, with + ...
+ value (A) …, compared to / as opposed to + value (B) (đưa ra hai số
liệu đồng thời)
Men spent about 40 hours per week on their leisure activities,
compared to / as opposed to 30 hours spent by their female counterparts.
* MÔ TẢ SỐ LIỆU GẤP ĐÔI (So sánh 2 đối tượng)
A (nearly / more than) doubleD B
A was (nearly / more than) double B
* MÔ TẢ SỐ LIỆU TĂNG/GIẢM BAO NHIÊU LẦN …
X increase/decrease Number-fold (twofold/threefold/…) TO …
There was a twofold / threefold/… FROM …. TO ….
X (nearly / more than) doubleD TO …
X was (nearly / more than) double TO …
BODY 1
- SOCIAL PROTECTION: GERMANY (>40%) >< LOWEST (US) +
UK AND AUSTRALIA → RESPECTIVELY.
- HEALTHCARE: S V O (NHẬN XÉT), VING / WITH FIGURES VING
→There were INSIGNIFICANT / NEGLIGIBLE DIFFERENCES IN
THE INVESTMENT …., WITH FIGURES RANGING FROM … TO …

BODY 2
+ (Transitional sentence: much lower than the aforementioned
categories)
ABOUT = AS FOR = IN TERMS OF = WITH REGARD TO = REGARDING
- EDU: COMPARISON (SS HƠN) + LISTING, NEARLY DOUBLED
- DEF: UK (CAO I) → DOUBLE / TRIPLE
- TRANS: → BELOW 5%

● ĐỐI TƯỢNG X → PARAPRHASE

- SYNONYMS
 - S: đối tượng X (the amount / the
number / the percentage of …) / how
many / how much + S + V … → INTRO
- S : CHỦ ĐỘNG ( S = country /
organization , household)
- S: the figure(s) for …
- S: statistics / data → ? $ was invested
…

The percentage of government expenditure

spent on Social protection was ? %

OVERVIEW
- FIELDS: SOCIAL PROTECTION → HIGHEST >< TRANSPORT:
LOWEST

- COUNTRIES: smallest differences

The biggest / smallest differences in __________ WERE
RECORDED / SEEN + in ________
FIELDS + SAW / WITNESSED / RECORDED the biggest / smallest
differences in ___________

CÓ 30% → BỎ
THERE WERE 30% … WHO …
30% + V2ED .
THE PER… OF … WAS 30%
SPECIAL FEATURE
→ S V O, VING / WITH FIGURES VING
E.g. An opposite trend was witnessed /
seen in the proportion of those
exercising from 1-2 hours, with figures …
from … to .. .

was 18%, (WHICH WAS) SIMILAR TO THE

PERCENTAGE OF … → THE FIGURES /
BOTH FIGURES DECLINED TO A AND B
RESPECTIVELY.
LISTENING COMPLETION
P1 → x1.25
loại thông tin
GET ON _____
MADE OF / MADE FROM …

PEOPLE SHOULD __________ THE TREES

WORD LIMITS
- RESERVE A SEAT
1983 - 1993
NINETEEN EIGHTY THREE
NINETEEN NINETY THREE
INFORMATION: LETTERS + NUMBERS
- FLIGHT NUMBER: LETTERS + NUMBERS (8D 245 / AD 245)
- LICENSE NUMBER: 1 LETTER + A SERIES OF NUMBER + LETTERS
FLOW SPEAKING PART 1 (QUÝ CŨ)

Birthday

What do you usually do on your birthday? occasion

- depends on → who I will celebrate this special occasion with: FRIENDS: throw parties +
paint the town red >< FAMILIES: cozy dinner / meal + spend quality time together
- years ago → threw parties with my friends → occasion to GET TOGETHER with my
buddies >< NOW: a bit more FAMILY-ORIENTED → spend quality time with my
beloved/id/ at home with a cozy/close meal, I WOULD SAY.

What did you do on your birthday when you were young?

a little boy/girl → look forward to .. → when I could dress to the nines, like putting on my go-
to clothing / invite a couple of friends to come over for dinner / eagerly waiting for the
presents my parents or my buddies would give / ate, sang together → IT WAS ALWAYS A
BLAST.

Do you think it is important for you to celebrate your birthday?

child >< now: I dont really attach great importance / significance to the celebration of my
birthday → it’s nothing more than a normal day when …. → no need to lavish on parties to
celebrate this occasion.

Whose birthday do you think is the most important to celebrate in VietNam?

If I were to choose one, that would be definitely the birthday of a historical figure, the
greatest hero of all time in VN, President HCM, I bet you know him.

I think, on that day → certain ceremonies should be held as a way to commemorate him and
also to express our gratitude to all the sacrifices he MADE for the independence of VN / our
nation.
Social Media = SOCIAL NETWORKS = SNS (SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES)

Do you like to use social media? → keep myself informed / stay informed of ________ / for my
work and study purposes

Do you think your friends use too much social media? → spend hours and hours / spend
excessive amounts of time on … → every 5-10 minutes / lounge around, Ving…., addict
(FACEBOOK), GLUE HIS/HER EYES TO THE SMARTPHONE (COFFEE TIME)

Do you want to work in social media? Why?

The idea of Ving …. HAS NEVER CROSSED MY MIND → If given a chance (SHOULD THE
OPPORTUNITY PRESENT ITSELF), I would give a shot. Who knows? maybe/perhaps I can equip
myself with essential skills about digital marketing / I can learn abt how these platforms
operate → come in handy when I run my own business in the future.

What’s the most popular social media in VietNam? Why?

gain the most popularity / all the rage = popular = widely used

have never done any research about it → the way I see it, → FB / TIKTOK

Names

Does your name have a special meaning?

Most Vnese names hold/carry a certain meaning , and MINE IS NO EXCEPTION.

→ can be interpreted as / be synonymous with + N-Phrase.

→ to make it short and simple, it means. …

→ be named after a river

gave me that name in the hope that I would…

i’m trying my best to live up to their expectations.

How do you choose names for your next generation?

→ HAS NEVER CROSSED MY MIND / TOO SOON TO TELL >< consult with my parents about
this / carefully discuss = talk it over with my spouse

2 things I would take into account: my expectation, THAT’S FOR SURE + avoid sth / certain
names THAT are ATTENTION-GRABBING like the name of a festival or a queen, king.

AVOID SOME ATTENTION-GRABBING NAMES

Are there any differences between how Vietnamese name their children now and in the past?

tricky → hard to generalize → look at the names of my relatives or some of my neighbors, I

MEAN THOSE OF THE PREVIOUS GENERATIONS, → I’ve noticed years ago → attach certain
numbers to the names of their children / attach their chidlren’s names with a certain number,
LIKE A FAMILY HIERARCHY >< now → whatever they enjoy/favor as long as the names are
beautiful and meaningful.

Does anyone in your family have the same name as you?

NO!! taboo → most Vnese → avoid = shy away from names of other family members or even
their relatives → quite disrespectful to the elder ones → FOR ME, → doesnt really make any
sense → That’s what I heard from my parents.

What are the most common / some common names in your country?

→ It’s quite hard for me to generalize what names are the most popular / the most widely
used in VN.

For boys → pick the ones that sound powerful or strong.

For girls → choose the FEMININE names based on some common flowers like daisies or roses
Housework and Cooking

1. Do you do some cooking/help your family cook at home now?

- gotta be brutally honest → hopeless → kitchen utensils + season the food → for mýelf
and my parents → instant noodles or omelette
2. Did you do some house cleaning when you were young?
no brag → obedient → houshold chores / domestic chores / wiping = mopping the floor + once
in a while → could get some extra pocket money for it.
3. Do you have breakfast at home every day?
not really on a daily basis, but most of the time → mom → make sure I dont skip my breakfast
→ whip up a simple but hearty meal for me before I head to work →never thank her enough
for that.
4. Do you want to learn how to cook well?
that’s something I’ve always set my heart on. I dont wanna be a splendid cook or something,
but at least I can cook for myself, the dishes I’m really big on and cook for my beloved as well.
Now, due to my hectic schedule, I can hardly make any time for it, but I will soon

Technology

What technology do you often use, computers or mobile phones?

both → I can hardly tell u exactly which one I use on a more frequent basis → computers for my
academic purposes, while phones for entertainment, like chitchatting or going online

What electronic devices have you bought lately?

got a new cell phone / laptop (maybe not recently, about 2-3 years ago if Iam not mistaken) →
my old one was worst for wear (in poor condition)+ started malfunctioning → purchase a new
one

Are there any technology you want to buy?

I dont see myself buying new technological devices anytime soon → have always set my heart
on a new …? → why (tùy vào device e chọn e đưa lí do hợp lý là được), so I would definitely get
one when I save up enough money.

What’s the benefit of technology? →câu này tự xử nha e

Snacks

What snacks did you eat when you were young?

Every child craves for snack → I was not exception back when I was still a little boy / girl → all-
time favorite was Poca crackers, especially the ones with spicy and prawn flavors → ate them
while watching an animated movie.

When do you usually eat snacks now?

stil big on snacks → eat them quite often → enjoy a pack of biscuits while working → good way
to keep myself awake + parties with friends → binge on (ăn nhiều) potato chips or some
confectionery (bánh kẹo)

Do you think it is healthy for you to eat snacks?

absolutely not → snacks, for the most part, are fast food or sugary food, so they dont contain
much nutrition >< they are high in calories —> gain weight easily, not to mention the fact that
we may have some trouble with acnes.

Hair salon

1. Do you often go to the hair salon?

If you mean like go to the hair salon to get my hair cut → yes apparently → quite often like
once a month. But apart from getting my hair cut in some basic styles → dont enjoy any other
services → wish to dye my hair someday though

2. Would you like to have your hair dyed/colored?

Yeah ofcourse, i mean basically as a man, i don’t think dying my hair is necessary → happy with
its original color - black >< I’m willing to try new things - dying my hair in some vivid color.
→ at the end of the day, life is all about experience

Advertisements
Where can you see advertisements?
Pretty much everywhere, like on the street, at the bus station, inside public buildings, even
more on the Internet, digital advertisements are booming → probably because businesses
wanna make their products more accessible to the consumer market.
Do you want to be shown in the advertisement?
never cross my mind → cuz to be a commercial actor, first you need to have a good looking
appearance, acting skills, get your voice trained → seriously / brutally honest, I dont have any
of them → if given a chane, I’ll take it.
What kind of advertisements do you dislike?
I dont have any particular preferences or standards for ads, so I don’t think I can tell you what I
dont like → for the most part, not a fan of those which falsely exaggerate the products or
services in order to trick customers into buying them.
Have you ever bought something because of its advertisement?
to tell u the truth, I have → clothes mostly → cuz I’m too lazy to go to the mall to try on
clothes, so I usually do the shopping onl → make a decision base on the advertisements - how
nice the clothes look on the models.

Singing

1. Do you like singing? Why?

→ I think everybody does, I have a flat voice though → whether you have a beautiful voice or
not, you can’t help singing along to your favorite song whenever you hear it. For me, singing is a
good way to unwind myself or to bond with my beloved when we have parties.

2. Have you ever learnt how to sing?

No - never took any serious singing class - just listen to the recordings of different singers and
make myself sound like them, or sometimes just hum along with the melodies

3. Who do you want to sing for?

just my beloved I’m afraid, like my friends and relatives → feel quite comfortable and dont
need to worry abt being judged → dont have a gentle nor a powerful voice → never think of
stepping on a stage and sing for a big audience
4. Do you think singing can bring happiness to people?

Yes especially upbeat, positive vibe songs + meaningful / inspiring lyrics can lift up our mood or
just make us feel happy.

Science
What did you learn in the science class?
it’s been a long while → dont remember exactly → for the most part → in such classes → was
taught abt how things work or simply why some daily physical phenomena occur → as a
science lover, I found it quite fascinating.
Do you want to know more about science?
of course yes →there are millions of things in this world that i am clueless about →as an
inquisitive (tò mò, ham học hỏi) person, I always wanna stay updated with the latest
knowledge every single day → I would never mind learning new things in scientific fields →
they can help satisfy my curiosity you know.
Do you watch the science tv program?
i’m afraid not though I’m a big fan of it → usually lasts for hours → no time for it → instead →
enjoy some short videos on social media platforms, especially those revolving around wildlife.

Noise
Do you think the city is noisy? trả lời chung chung nhe e
này quá dễ ăn roài → metropolitan area → quite bustling → face constant noises, like the
honking of vehicles or even construction sites → sth I dont like about life in a big city.
What makes the city noisy?
What types of noise do you come across in your daily life?
apart from what I mentioned above, sometimes, there’s also noise from karaoke singing or
overnight parties in my neighborhood. In Vn, as far as I know, there’s still no strict rule about
that. I havent seen anyone calling the cops for such a reason.

Daily Routine
1. What is your daily routine?
2. Do you usually have the same routine everyday? (the daily grind: guồng quay, những việc
làm lặp đi lặp lại)
3. What part of your day do you like best? (Giống câu evening / morning nhe e)

Weather

What’s the weather like where you live?

tl theo hướng normally → occasionally / in recent years

the South → tropical climate → hot and humid all year round (North → 4 distinct seasons →
experience different types of weather, scorching hot in summers and freezing cold in winters)
>< recently → has become a bit more volatile / erratic → may get caught in a rain all of a
sudden even on a sunny day → annoying.

Do you prefer cold or hot weather?

I’ll go with the hot one. It’s quite uncomfy / unpleasant sometimes, but it’s fine when there is
an an AC you know (air conditioner). In contrast, I am likely to get a flu on cold, rainy days. So
certainly I don’t want to spend a day with a terrible headache, a runny nose or so.
Do you get in the habit of checking the weather forecast?
No I don’t, I mean just by looking up to the sky, you can tell what the weather will be like that
day. I dont pay much attention to the weather forecast - the travel distance is not to far - from
home to work or vice versa - take me abt 10 mins - so even the weather change suddenly, it
wouldn’t cause much trouble.
Writing

Do you write a lot?

Student → writing is like part of my everyday routine → jotting down the lessons at school,
working on my homework, not to mention the fact that I have to sit many written exams quite
often.

What do you like to write? Why?

Diary / letters - prefer writing over typing - Although it’s so obvious that there are some
disadvantages about writing (can’t edit) - bring certain sentimental value, the feeling of holding
a pen - leaving your own, unique mark on the paper

Do you think the things you write would change?

Everything changes, so possibly, now I don’t know for sure what it would change into. Maybe,
magically, I will take up a new hobby like writing books, or even becoming a writer, devoting
100 percent of my time to writing. Who knows?

Do you prefer typing or handwriting when you are writing?

prefer typing in most cases → find it much faster and easier for me to make some
modifications on the content >< Still in some cases, handwriting would be a better choice,
especially when it comes to writing something with great sentimental values like a wish or a
diary.

Puzzle

Did you do puzzles in your childhood?

Well if my memory serves me right, I did do puzzle once when I was young. It was a crossword
puzzle that my brother and I found in a magazine. The puzzle was about fictional characters
which I saw in sci-fi movies. It was a tough one, but we were so excited, solving one by one
until we could figure out all the questions.

Do you like doing word puzzles or number puzzles? Which is more difficult for you?

Not good at numbers -> Need to work out the sophisticated rules behind -> successfully
solve -> daunting task -> Prefer word puzzles.

When do you do puzzles, during your trip or when you feel bored?

Neither of them -> when travelling or have some leisure time -> do something simple,
relaxing to unwind like listening to a favorite song - not too intellectually demanding like
solving puzzles

Do you think it is good for old people to do puzzles?

Yeah, it is. For me, doing puzzles - brain-stimulating activities - Solving puzzles on a
regular basis can significantly improve their mental health. Moreover, they can also take
it up as a pastime.

Geography

Have you ever studied geography at school?

Yes → PART OF THE CURRICULUM IN MY HIGH SCHOOL → COMPULSORY ACTUALLY

always my go-to subject → I got to learn a lot abt the geographical features of different parts of
the world, how human culture interacts with the natural environment or something → it’s a
real eye-opener, isn’t it?

Are you good at reading a map?

as much as I love geography → hopeless → human body with so many veins on it → as u can
tell, super tiny lines of different colors alongside a lot of other icons and symbols →
Fortunately, now we have gg map, which really comes in handy in case I get lost.
Would you visit a country because of its geographical location?

I am afraid not, I’ve never consider geographical location when choosing destinations to visit.
Instead, I prioritize the unique local culture or scrumptious delicacies or the breath-taking
sceneries it has to offer.

Traveling on public transport

1. What kind of public transportation do you usually take?

Honestly for my daily commute → I usually travel around by my private motorbike → find it
much faster and more convenient than mass transit (ptcc) → in certain cases → traveling
(espeically traveling overseas) / motorbike breaks down → take a cab or a bus instead.

2. Do most people prefer public transportation in your country?

As far as I’m concerned → popular with elderly people, or those living on a tight budget →
more economical way >< for the vast majority of Vn pp, I would say no → public transport
system is quite poor. It’s not air-conditioned, and it doesnt run on time, or there are even not
enough buses and coaches sometimes.

3. Did you take public transportation when you were a kid?

Yes, Once actually, If I am not mistaken, when I was 6, It was the first time that buses were
introduced to the public in CT. People were so excited, looking forward to a new means of
transportation. All the buses was painted in white and yellow, which was really outstanding
and eye catching. My mom and I we bought the tickets, travelling through all the bus stops
without a certain destination. We just sat on the bus, moving from one place to another.

4. When do you usually take public transportation, in your everyday life or when you are
travelling? (a gom với câu 1 rồi)
Neighbor

Do you think neighbors are important?

i dont know abt other pp → for me → quite crucial →living in the same area, people can give
each other a hand in their everyday lives, trivial stuff like watching the house or lending some
cooking utensils / or neighbors are just like friends whom we can confide in or have small
gatherings every once in a while.

How can we get along with our neighbors?

We just need to talk to them more frequently - that’s the essence. Lacking of communication
always present problems - Through daily conversation - get to know each other more - hear
their stories - share yours.
3. Do you think it's important to have a good relationship with one's neighbors?
CÁC CHỦ ĐỀ SPEAKING CẦN XEM TRƯỚC
HOMETOWN, SCIENCE, JEWELRY, ART (trong link bộ đề)

Hometown magnificent / spectacular

I HAVE BEEN LIVING /RESIDING HERE, IN THIS CITY

I WAS BORN AND RAISED IN CT

IF YOU HAVE BEEN HERE LONG ENOUGH, → INTRODUCE A FEATURE (YOU WOULD
DEFINITELY KNOW _______ → REDUNDANT LANGUAGE / INTERACTIVE LANGUAGE

Where are you from? raised tranquil, study … for the better part of 3 years,
leisure places
→ public facilities / amenities
→ places of interest
→ recreational centers / places
What do/don’t you like about your hometown?
How has your hometown changed during the past few years?
Would you like to live there in the future?
Would you like to live in the countryside in the future? Do you like living in the countryside?

Did you learn about your hometown via history lessons?

Is there anything famous in your hometown? (updated 01/06)

Is your hometown historically famous? (updated 01/06)

Art → TALENTS / ABILITIES
I DONT WANNA BOAST / BRAG ABOUT MYSELF, but …
IT MAY SOUND A BIT EMBARRASSING, but …
(NOT) HAVE A KNACK / GIFT / FLAIR FOR …
X IS (NOT) MY STRONG SUIT / FORTE

Do you like art? the only form of art → I AM BIG ON →

NO kNACK FOR THOSE THINGS - A CHANCE TO LET MY HAIR DOWN - When I am sad, I sing,
when I’m down, I just draw. → AN OUTLET for all my negative emotions.

gotta say I’m inclined towards - much-needed escape from our hectic life… bowled over by
works of art like - find myself gravitating towards other forms of activities such as utilizing
social media or participating in school projects during my spare time.

my parents → ABSTRACT / UNINTEREST → dịch?

consider painting as a WAY TO DECOMPRESS / unwind after I call it a

day. = I’ve got all my work done. →

decent

Would you like to be an artist? down-to-earth person

→limbo → as my career prospect

THE IDEA OF ______________ HAS NEVER CROSSED MY MIND

→ IF GIVEN A CHANCE, I WOULD GIVE IT A SHOT

→ SHOULD THE OPPORTUNITY PRESENT ITSELF, I WOULD …

→ EYE-OPENER / EYE-OPENING EXPERIENCE

What artwork do you have on the walls of your home?

Have you ever visited an art gallery?

What are some differences between traditional art and modern art?

Jewellery (rings, bracelets, necklaces, earrings, pendant,...)

Do you like wearing jewellery?

a fashion accessory → look more elegant / decent

perfect complement for my outfit, for outer appearance

feminine things

as I guy, I am not big on wearing jewelry, cuz I think it’s sth belonging to
women, sth feminine.

piece of jewelry

jewels (plural n)

spice up / spruce up my outfit

→ SIMPLE PAST >< PAST → GENTLE GIRL

Have you ever bought jewellery as a gift?

What type of jewellery would you like to buy?

GO FOR EARRINGS AND NECKLACES - THEY LEND A VISUAL INTEREST TO MY BODY PART - GO-
TO TYPE (PLANTINUM) → DOESNT FADE AND LAST FOR A LIFETIME - IDEAL OPTION →
SENSITIVE GIRL

What type of jewellery is most popular in your country?

Why do you think some people wear a piece of jewelry for a long time?
WEAR IT OUT OF HABIT / LOOK GOOD ON THEM / HOLD GREAT SENTIMENTAL VALUES FOR
THEM / FOR THE OWNERS → A GIFT FROM SOMEONE CLOSE TO THEIR HEART, LIKE THEIR
FRIENDS, THEIR SIGNIGICANT OTHERS, THEIR SPOUSES, FAMILIES,...

Science
What did you learn in the science class?
Do you want to know more about science?
Do you watch the science tv program?
HOMEWORK: 5 CÂU → SUPPORTING
1. Obligatory presence at school is believed to generate benefits in terms
of interaction and discipline among students.
2. Despite the availability of online materials, libraries still serve as a
significant source of information.
3. More money should be invested in space research in search of better
places to live, such as Mars.
4. People should follow the customs and traditions when they start to live
in a new country.
5. Young people should be encouraged to do volunteer work.

IELTS WRITING
1. Education
2. Food and Health
3. Employment
4. Social Media
5. Technology
6. Traffic and Transportation
7. Economy and Business
8. Government
9. Art and Cultures
10. Social issues (Housing shortage / Discrimination / Gender
equality / Overpopulation /Embezzlement / Bribery / Corruption / Money
laundering,...)
11. Crimes
12. Sports and Exercise
 13. Family and Children
14. Tourism
15. Celebrities
16. Environment
17. Advertising
18. Pastimes
19. Science / Scientific Research
20. Personalities / Moral values

KEY WORDS → SUBJECTS (PEOPLE + THINGS) +

ARGUMENTS?
In many countries, traditional foods are being replaced
by international fast foods. This is having a negative
effect on both families and societies. A/D?

DISAGREE?

MAIN IDEA: GENERALIZATION → KEY WORDS

Main idea 1:
Smoking leads to lung cancer / respiratory diseases / health hazards
Eating out may lead to obesity and heart attack.
CHRONIC DISEASES, SUCH AS A AND B
SERIOUS SOCIAL ISSUES, INCLUDING POVERTY AND CRIMES.

POSE SERIOUS HEALTH HAZARDS

POSE SERIOUS THREATS TO …
ENGENDER SERIOUS HEALTH / ENVRIONMENTAL CONCERNS
EXERT DETRIMENTAL / ADVERSE IMPACTS ON
EXERT DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ON
A + TAKE HEAVY TOLLS ON + B
DO GREAT HARM TO
DO NOT DO WONDERS FOR

● Giving explanations and corresponding consequences / effects

(NATURE + TYPICAL FEATURES)
- CHILDREN: IMITATION, REBELLIOUS, NAIVE, CURIOUS, INQUISITIVE,
IMPRESSIONABLE, STUBBORN, VULNERABLE, INEXPERIENCED, BE
SUSCEPTIBLE TO , HYPERACTIVE, PESTER SOMEONE FOR STH,
IMMATURE,... → FAIL TO DISTINGUISH RIGHT FROM WRONG
- ELDERLY PEOPLE: CONSERVATIVE, INACTIVE, UNADAPTABLE,
EXPERIENCED = RICH LIFE EXPERIENCES, FASTIDIOUS, PHYSICALLY WEAK
ACCUMULATE AN ENORMOUS WEALTH OF EXPERIENCE
TUTORIAL CLASSES (SMALL-SIZED CLASSES / SMALL NUMBER OF
STUDENTS)→ ALLOW SLOW LEARNERS / THOSE WITH POOR ACADEMIC
PERFORMACE TO MAKE GREAT STRIDES IN THEIR STUDY.
 AT THEIR OWN PACE /PERSONALIZED LEARNING MODELS / METHODS
OFFER MORE INDIVIDUAL ATTENTION
CONSOLIDATE THEIR KNOWLEDGE
Useful expressions for explanations
● In fact,

● The key rationale behind this argument is that

● One compelling reason for this is that …
● This can be attributable to the fact that…
● Because / since / as / for the fundamental reason that S V O,

SVO

· Useful expressions for consequences

● Therefore / Thus / Hence / As a result / consequence,
● S V O, thereby Ving …. / S V O, leading to the fact that …
GROUP WORK → EQUIP THEMSELVES WITH ESSENTIAL SOFT SKILLS, SUCH AS
A AND B → PAVE THE WAY FOR THEIR FUTURE CAREER PATH / DECENT JOBS
INCREASING TOURISM → GENERATE LUCRATIVE INCOMES FOR LOCALS / JOB
OPPORTUNITIES BY PROVIDING ACCOMMODATION OR CATERING SERVICES
FOR INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS → BOOST / ENHANCE BOTH LOCAL AND
NATIONAL ECONOMY

CONTRIBUTE GREATLY TO → MAKE ENORMOUS / TREMENDOUS

CONTRIBUTIONS TO …
ON INDIVIDUAL LEVELS >< ON SOCIETAL / NATIONAL LEVELS
SOMEONE MAY YIELD / REAP HUGE BENEFITS FROM INCREASING TOURISM
2. Giving examples → specification
- GENERAL / THEORETICAL (Example A → A1, B → B1
PART-TIME JOBS → SOFT SKILLS
job → skill (MC at childcare center -> public speaking? )
traveling → widen horizons →
Example: international tourists pay a visit to coastal regions →
deeper insight into the cultures of fishermen / marine life = marine
creatures / sea food?
Example: mountainous regions → cultures of ethnic minorities /
traditional festivals / local tribes
- PRACTICAL (TAKE X AS AN EXAMPLE. / TAKE X AS A PRIME
EXAMPLE.)
- PERSONAL (I, MY MOTHER, MY FRIENDS,...)

· Useful expressions
● For instance, = For example,
● A salient / prime example for this is (that)…
● X is a perfect exemplification for this argument / X perfectly
exemplifies …
● Take X as an example. S V O