METHODS/PROCEDURES
EXPERIMENT 3
1. Before starting, the
students make sure that they
have all the necessary tools
and equipment needed for
the procedure.
4. They also apply the
necessary connections as
shown in figure 23. Ensure
that the wires are correctly
connected and tightly
secured.
7. After doing so, they record
the values displayed on the
ammeter, voltmeter, and
wattmeter connected in the
circuit. This step helps them
to analyze the electrical
properties of the circuit.
2. They check the laboratory's
earthing to ensure it is proper
and connected to the terminal
at the back of the panel. This
step is essential to prevent
electrical shocks and other
hazards.
5. After completing the
connections, the students
check them again to make
sure they are secure and
tight.
8. The moment that they have
completed the readings, they
turn off the supply to ensure
safety.
10. Finally, they clean up the
area and put away all the
equipment used during the
procedure.
3. Then, they verify that the
supply and MCB are
switched off before making
any connections to the circuit.
This is to prevent any
accidental electrical shock or
short circuit.
6. The students turn on the supply
and MCB of the panel and they
adjust the help of the single-phase
autotransformer to obtain the
desired number of readings. It is
essential for them to adjust the
voltage properly to prevent any
damage to the equipment.
9. After finishing the
procedure, the students double-
check all the equipment and
checked if it's in good
condition and that there are no
loose connections or damages.
 The single-phase induction motor no-load test is an important diagnostic tool used to
assess the performance of a motor when it is not under any external load. This test is essential in
determining the motor's speed, power factor, input voltage, current, and power. These parameters
are necessary in analyzing the motor's behavior and identifying any issues that may affect its
efficiency.

To conduct the no-load test, certain precautions must be taken to ensure safety. First,
they turned off the power supply and unplugged from the socket before connecting the motor to a
rated voltage single-phase power supply. This is important to avoid any electrical accidents
during the experiment. Secondly, they manually and electrically operated tachometers must be
attached to the motor shaft to determine its speed accurately. The tachometers must be calibrated
to ensure accuracy.

After they set up the tachometers, the power supply is turned on, and the voltage is
gradually increased to the motor's rated value. The motor's input voltage, current, power, and
speed are then measured using a voltmeter, ammeter, and wattmeter. The power factor is then
calculated by the students by dividing the wattmeter reading by the product of the ammeter and
voltmeter readings.

It is crucial to note that the no-load test must be repeated for various input voltages to
obtain a complete set of data for the motor. They conducted the test at different voltages ranging
from 65, 90, 130, 175, and up to 215 volts. These measurements are then analyzed by them to
determine the motor's performance characteristics and identify any issues that may affect its
efficiency.The data collected of the group during the no-load test can also be used to optimize
the motor's behavior. By analyzing the motor's performance characteristics, it is possible to
identify areas that need improvement and make the necessary adjustments. These adjustments
may include changing the motor's winding or adjusting the number of poles to achieve maximum
efficiency.

It is important to note that operating the motor at no-load for an extended period may
cause harm to the motor. The motor may overheat, which may lead to permanent damage.
Therefore, the group advise to conduct the no-load test for a short period and avoid subjecting
the motor to prolonged no-load operation.
METHODS/PROCEDURES
EXPERIMENT 5
1. Initially, the students
required to verify the
laboratory's appropriate
earthing and establish a
connection to the specified
terminal located on the rear
side of the panel.
4. An important step involved
confirming that the
autotransformer was adjusted
to zero.
7. The group observed the
motor starting and if it’s
functioning.
10. When the first spring balance
displayed T1 and the second T2,
the overall torque was calculated
as T = T1 - T2. They recorded
this T value in the observation
table, accompanied by the pre-
established speed before motor
activation.
3. Following the illustration in
2. They ensure that both the
Figure 27, they needed to
supply and single-phase MCB
create the necessary
were set to the 'Off' position.
connections..
6. Afterward, they activated the
main supply and the panel's
5. They had to identify the
MCB, utilizing the single-phase
optimal value of "T" in one of
autotransformer to adjust the
the two balances. voltage and obtain a series of
readings.
8. It was critical so they ensure
9. As the equipment ran, the
that the belt remained loose,
spring balances' "T" values
allowing the motor to operate
shifted to T1 and T2 for the 1st
at a standard speed without
and 2nd balances, respectively.
hindrance.
11. They increased the load and
documented multiple speed and
torque (T) readings, referring to 12. Finally, the group were
the reference table provided accountable for turning off the
before the experiment to power supply and clean up the
determine the maximum station.
allowable current based on
machine ratings.
 First and foremost, it is imperative to switch off the motor prior to setting up the load
test for a single-phase induction motor. The students meticulously inspect the laboratory's
earthing and connect it to the designated terminal located on the rear side of the panel. It is
essential to ensure that the Single Phase Motor Circuit Breaker (MCB) supply is in the zero
position before establishing the necessary connections in their respective locations. Once the
initial setup is complete, the students turn on the motor and gradually adjust the variac
transformer to 220 volts before positioning the ammeter closer at 5A. Throughout the load test
experiment, the voltage remains constant at 220 volts, while the current's equivalent speed is
determined by a tachometer installed on the motor's shaft. Subsequently, they carefully adjust the
main supply and the panel's motor circuit breaker to vary the voltage using a single-phase variac
transformer, enabling them to obtain a series of readings from the ammeter, wattmeter, and speed
indicators. They carefully observe the motor starting and running.

By adjusting the variac transformer, the group apply the rated voltage value and
record the corresponding load test values for the current. As the machine operates at a normal
speed, they should document the relevant data displayed by the apparatus. Gradually loosening
the belt will increase the current value, and they record all resultant data.

The students must then repeat the process for 4.8A, 5.1A, 5.6A, 5.9A, and up to 6.3A
on the ammeters, taking several readings of speed and watts. The respective values of current,
voltage, and watts will be utilized to calculate the torque characteristics or load characteristics of
the motor. To ensure the accuracy of the values, they conducted the experiment twice and get the
initial average.

Upon completion of the experiment, the students must carefully return the voltage to
zero, tighten the belt, switch off the tachometer, and ensure that the single-phase induction motor
is turned off. By following these steps, they will gain a comprehensive understanding of the load
test process and the behavior of a single-phase induction motor under varying load conditions.