AN

ORAL PRESENTATION
ON
STUDENT ‘S INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES)
UNDERTAKEN
AT
TRANSMISSION COMPANY OF NIGERIA
BY
KAYODE ADEYEMI SAMUEL
17/67EC/721
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ORGANIZATION

Transmission services comes in between the Generating Station and Distribution Stations and it involves
many stages and various protection in place. TCN was on July 1st, 2006 issued a Transmission License with the
responsibilities of wheeling power at high Voltage, operate the National Grid and Market Operation service.
TCN therefore performs three major functions, which are:
 As Transmission Service Provider (TSP)
 As System Operator
 AS market operation services
TCN supplies power to neighboring Countries in West Africa namely: Niger Republic, Benin Republic, Togo
and Burkina Faso.
The Company's major activities include
 Operate, expand/upgrade transmission facilities for efficient and effective wheeling of generated electricity.
 Build Transmission Grid that can efficiently evacuate all generated power.
 Pursue Inter-connection with neighboring Countries for power exchange with associated cost savings from the
sharing of reserve capacity and energy resources.
 ORGANOGRAM OF THE COMPANY

AGM

PM

HOD HOD
HOD HOD
PROTECTION HOD HOD
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
LINES CONTROL AND
METEING OPERATION
SCADA SCADA

TECHNICAL
STAFF
DEPARTMENTMENTS IN THE COMPANY

 Human resources (HR)

 Accounting Department
 Electrical Maintenance Department (EMD)
 System operation
 Protection, Control and Metering Department (PCM)
 System Lines department
 Communication
DEPARTMENT I GAINED EXPERIENCE FROM

SIWES I was posted to the following department.

 Health Safety And Environment HSE.
 System Lines Department.
 Protection, Control And Metering Department.
 Electrical maintenance Department.
 System operator.
 SCADA.
ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT IN MY DEPARTMENT

Replacement of Detached Conductor and Burnt Clamp on the Wave

trap
 A conductor on the wave trap at the 132KV side of switch-yard got
burnt and detached from the secondary side, the associated clamp
was also burnt and welded. The line was first discharged and earthed
before the burnt clamp was removed, the plate cleaned and filed
before replacing it with a new one, the clamp was also replace with
new ones. The detached cable was also connected back to the clamp.
Replacement of Insulator on Tower

 Firstly we have to obtain work permit from the operator so as be sure we are working in safe
environment because we must never assume a line is dead before proceeding to the place.
 After climbing the tower with a very thick rope along with a crane in order to make a pulley
system for transport of tools and equipment.
 Then we ground the line to discharge any residual current. The ground wire is connected to
body of the tower.
 The three phase glass disk insulator was detached since it was observe that the other one
corroded and passed to the floor with the rope.
 It was replace with silicon composite insulator which was tight to the rope and moved to the
top of the tower.
 After connection was done by the technicians at the top of the tower. The ground is remove
and the other equipment is passed to the floor.
REPLACEMENT OF SHATTERED CURRENT TRANSFORMER

 Grounding the line after which the isolator is open and the removal of the shattered CT
 A car crane is used to carry the CT to switch yard and it mounted on the gantry.
 The connection is done with the use of as built drawing and terminal block diagram in order not to misplace or
interchange the terminal connectors when reconnecting it back on the new CT
 The connection was cross checked by the Head of department for error but there was none
 After successfully and proper connection, the CT was put to test remotely but the CT was observed giving a
hissing sound which indicated an abnormal operation of the CT.
 The CT primary side was disconnected from the circuit.
 Primary current injection test was carried out on the CT by injecting known current in ampere (A) through the
primary terminal of the CT using the Injection Machine and taking the value of the output current at the
secondary side. The CT has a rated turn’s ratio of 2000:1A, meaning an input of 2000A of current through the
primary delivers 1A through the secondary side. It enables us to trace the fault to the relay in the control room.
 An Omicron CMC356 is used to simulate the relay and it was later observed that the yellow phase metering was
open, which was an internal issue the relay. The core was shorted and current was injected.
 The CT was monitored for any abnormal sound but there was no hissing sound.
CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE OF THE ENERGY METER IN THE
CONTROL ROOM


 The
  energy meter of T1A, T1B, T2A and T2A in the control room
was observed not displaying voltage. Since no voltage there will
no power

 Where P= POWER
 V= VOLTAGE
 I = CURRENT
 Scope of work done.
 Firstly the As-Built drawing for the connection is used for
troubleshooting with the use of digital multimeter from the
supply.
 The fault is trace down to the switch yard and it was discovered
that at the MCB in marshaling kiosk that there was an open
circuit.
 It was closed and voltage is display on the energy meter. Marshaling kiosk
Installation of Battery Bank

 Battery Bank is the heart of the station. Firstly, I would like to clarify the concept of
Battery Bank. A battery is a connection of two cells, while a battery bank is the connection
of above two cells. In other to make a battery bank of 110V,400Ah(DC), 55 pieces of cell
each rated 2V,400Ah were made available. The cells were arranged on a pallet in the
battery house in a series connection that is, positive terminal of a cell connected to the
negative terminal of the next cell. After having attained a tight connection, a multimeter
(also referred to as AVO meter ) was used to measure the actual individual voltage and this
individual voltages were summed up to obtain 110V total voltage.
 The 110V battery bank is used as a backup for the operations of various equipment in the
station that makes use of direct current like the Circuit breaker, Isolator, Relay, etc. There
is also a 48V battery bank that also supplies the required DC supply to the Alarms and also
for communication. These battery banks are constantly charged to full capacity by the
associated charger, these battery banks supply the equipment by converting the AC supply
from the battery charger to the required DC while still on charging mode. This process is
maintained until there is system collapse whereby the whole station looses supply, the
battery bank then pick up the task by supplying its stored current to the vital equipment.
 Installation of Battery Bank cont.

Preventive maintenance of battery bank

 The preventive maintenance of battery banks is done so as to be able to know when a cell is
damage so as to prevent total breakdown of the station. The process is as follow
 We measure the overall terminal voltage of the bank when charger is ON and OFF and also
the charging voltage with multimeter
 Then use multimeter to measure the cells voltage that is total of 55 cells to know if they are
up to 2 volt and record the readings
 If any cell is less 2volts it is faulty
 NOTE: THE OVERALL VOLTAGE MUST NOT BE LESS THAN 110V DC.
General Maintenance of Isolator

 Isolator is an electrical device used to break or stop the

flow of current. We carried out the general maintenance
of the nine gang isolator and reactor isolators at the
330kV receiving end in the switch yard. After obtaining
the guarantee item and permit to work.
 The lines were opened and de-energized and grounded
with the earthing cable. All the movable part of the
isolators were lubricated, the contact points thoroughly
brushed and greased to avoid corrosion.
Refilling the SF6 gas type Circuit Breaker

 When the gas gauge on the Breakers was observed to be dropped to its minima level, the Breaker is
then refilled to it normal level. This is done at Ilorin Transmission Station 132kV Line Circuit Breaker.
The process is as follow.
 Losing the knob of the SF6 gas cylinder and also the knob of the phase to be fill on the circuit
breaker.
 Then connect the SF6 gas cylinder to the breaker opening with a hose and tight properly to avoid
leakage.
 Turn the knob slowly to release the gas until the required pressure is acquired. Use the pressure
gauge to check the value.
 After which we close both the breaker opening and the cylinder respectively.
Replacement Of transformer Silica Gel

 Silica gel which is act as the breather in transformer and is often replace when the it is fully
saturated that is, it will no longer absorb moisture. it Is identify when the colour turns from
blue to purple .the process is below.
 Loose the silica gel compartment from the transformer the appropriate spanner.
 Carefully remove the oil sealing cup which act as a barrier between the silica gel crystal and
the air which traps dust particles.
 Discharge the saturated silica gel and clean the glass before adding new ones to the desire
level.
 Change the oil if there is much impurities and clean the container.
 The bolt and nut can be tight after the above is concluded.
Replacement Of transformer Silica Gel cont.

 The process involve in replacing silica gel

Installations of New Equipment

 The installation of new equipment like the isolator, lightening arrestor etc. which
involves aligning the equipment to be install properly on the stand.
 tightening the bolt and nut firmly.
Using Thermovision Camera

 A Thermovision Camera (also called an infrared camera or thermal imaging

camera) is a device that forms an image using infrared radiation, similar to a
common camera that forms an image using visible light. Instead of the 450750
nanometer range of the visible light camera, infrared cameras operate in
wavelengths as long as 14,000 nm (14 m). The higher an object’s temperature,
the more infrared radiation is emitted as black-body radiation.
 The device is put to use in order to detect areas of high temperature (hotspot)
by first selecting the desired theme and also a specific value is required as the
environment temperature which the device will use as a criterion for
determining region of high, low or normal temperature.
 The device will then form an image displaying various color which can be
looked up in the color code set of the theme in use, with this the hot-spots are
detected.
Thermovision Camera cont.
EQUIPMENT/MACHINE

Primary Current Injection Test

Set

AUTO
TRANSFORMER Omicron CMC356
EQUIPMENT/MACHINE CONT.

GAS LEAK DETECTOR

CIRCUIT BREAKER

TOOLBOX
EQUIPMENT/MACHINE CONT.

GROUND MULTIMETER GLASS DISK INSULATOR

TRANSFORMER
CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED DURING SIWES

 The major problems are:

 Problem of securing a place of attachment, I had challenges searching for a place of
attachment for my industrial training because most companies rejected my request
giving one reason or the other that they don’t want SIWES students due to covid 19
protocol given by government
 The cost of transportation was also a major problem for me due to how far my place of
work is to my house.
 No protective kit is given to SIWES student which limit the rate of going to the switch
yard with them.
 Communication Gap, at the early stage of my programme, information was not flowing
properly from the management of the company to me which was later corrected when
their attention was drawn to me.
RECOMMENDATIONS

 Students’ Industrial Works Experience Scheme (SIWES) needs to be

strengthened by all concerned stakeholder in order for its objectives to be
fully realized.
 Regular monthly allowances for students on attachment should be paid
promptly.
 Organizations should always accept students for SIWES and subsequently
assign them to relevant jobs.
 Experience staff should always be made to train the students on attachment
 There should be more funding of the scheme by the government in order for it
to be more effective.
 The companies should put in place all the necessary facilities needed to
enhance the knowledge of the student in industrial attachment.
 company should provide protective kit for students also not only their staff
LASTLY

 THANKS
 YOU
 FOR
 LISTENING