REVIEWER: CHAPTER 3- UNDERSTANDING THEOREMS ON CIRCLES

3.1 Definitions and Central Angles

 Circle is a set of all points on a plane equidistant from the given point called the center of a
circle.
 Radius is a segment with endpoints at the center and on the circle.
 Diameter is a segment that passes through the center of the circle and is composed of collinear
radii.
 Chord is a segment with endpoints on the circle.
 Central Angle is an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle.

 Arc is a portion of the circle consisting of two endpoints and all the points on the circle between
these two points.

3.2 Some Relationships Involving Arcs and Circles

 Inscribed Angle is an angle where the vertex is on the circle with sides that are chords of the
circle.
 Theorem 3.1- “The measure of an inscribed angle is half the measure of its intercepted arc.”

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Formula of Theorem 3.1: m<CBD= 2 ( C D) “Page 90, Example 3.7”

3.3 Arc of a Chord

 Arc of a Chord is the minor arc that has the same endpoints as the chord.
 Theorem 3.2- “Two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their chords are congruent.”
Example: If ^ ^ , then the values of the two arcs is equal.
AB ≅ CD
Formula of Theorem 3.2: ^ ^ “Page 101, Example 3.12”
AB=CD
 Theorem 3.3- “If a diameter is perpendicular to a chord, then it bisects the chord and its arc.”
Example: In a Circle O, there is a triangle that is formed by the radius, if ^
AB=60 ° (first arc)
and ^
BC=60 ° (second arc), then the angle of that triangle is ^ ^ =120 °.
AB+ BC
“Page 101, Example 3.13”
 Theorem 3.4- “Two chords are congruent if and only if they are equidistant from the center.”
 Example: Chord AC ≅ BD , then AC=BD . (two chords are formed inside the circle)
“Page 102, Example 3.14”
 Pythagorean Formula: c 2=b 2+ a2 (applicable for triangles) “Page 103, Example 3.15”

3.4 Tangents, Secants, Angles, and Sectors

 Tangent is a line that intersects the circle at exactly one point.

 Secant is a line that intersects the circle at exactly two points.
 Theorem 3.5- “If a secant and tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the measure of
the angle formed is half the measure of its intercepted arc.” (the same with Theorem 3.1)
“Page 110. Example 3.16”
 Theorem 3.6- If two chords, two secants, or a chord and a secant intersect in the interior of a
circle, then the measure of one of the vertical angles formed is equal to one half of the sum of
the measures of the arcs intercepted by those angles.” (the operation in Theorem 3.6 is addition)

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Formula of Theorem 3.6: m<1= 2 (m ON +m ^
LP) “Page 112, Example 3.17”

 Theorem 3.7- “If a tangent and a secant, two secants, or two tangents intersect at the exterior of
the circle, then the measure of the angle formed is equal to one half of the absolute value of the
difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs.” (the operation in Theorem 3.7 is
subtraction)
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Formula of Theorem 3.7: m<1= 2 (m ^
A E−m ^
AC ) “Page 113, Example 3.18”

 Sector of a Circle is the region bounded by two radii of the circle and their intercepted arc.
x 2
Formula of the Area of a Sector: A= 360 ∙ π r

3.5 Tangents, Secants, and Segments

 Theorem 3.8 Segments of Chord Theorem- “If two chords intersect in the interior of a circle,
then the products of the measures of the segments of the chords are equal.”
Formula of Theorem 3.8: AE ∙ EB=DE ∙ EC “Page 123, Example 3.21”
 Theorem 3.9 Secant Segments Theorem- “If two secants intersect at the exterior of the circle,
then the product of the measures of one secant segment and its external secant segments is equal
to the product of the measures of the other secant segment and its external secant segment.”
Formula of Theorem 3.9: A B∙ AC= AD ∙ AE “Page 125, Example 3.24”

 Theorem 3.10- “On a plane, a line is tangent to a circle if and only if it is perpendicular to a
radius drawn to the point of tangency.”
Formula of Theorem 3.10: CB 2= AC2 + AB2 “Page 126, Example 3.25- a and c”
 Theorem 3.11- “If two segments from the exterior point are tangent to a circle, then the
segments are congruent.”
Formula of Theorem 3.11: AB=BE “Page 126, Example 3.25- b”
 Theorem 3.12- “If a tangent and a secant intersect at the exterior of a circle, then the square of
the measure of the tangent is equal to the product of the measures of the secant and its external
secant segment.”
Formula of Theorem 3.12: A D2= AB∙ AC “Page 127, Example 3.26”
−b ± √ b −4 ac
2
Quadratic Formula: x=
2a
 Prepared by:
Teacher Kat ^_^