Civil Engineering

Report Number One

Name: Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim Sayed
Date:10\11\2020
Search address:

How to measure mechanical

strains?

Dr: Abdul Hay

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The definition and symbol of emotion strain ε 

The material's response to the force affecting it may be a

change in length, size or shape. In other words, it can be
said that emotion is a change in length relative to the
original length or the change in size relative to the
original size.
1.Why is Strain Measured?
Most commonly, strain is measured to determine the
level of stress on the material – Experimental Stress
Analysis. The absolute value and direction of the
mechanical stress is determined from the measured
strain and known properties of the material (modulus of
elasticity and Poisson’s ratio). These calculations are
based on Hooke’s Law. In its simplest form, Hooke's Law
determines the direct proportionality of the strain ε
[m/m] and the stress σ [N/mm2] of a certain
material using its elasticity.

2.How is Strain Measured? To understand

how strain can be measured, one must first understand the
effects of strain on the material. A specimen without strain has
a base length of lo. If strain ε is applied to the object, its length

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will change by a certain amount Δl as per the relationship
given below:

To measure the emotion on the surface of a machine

element or part of the machine component, the gage is
glued directly to the machine element using epoxy
material.

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Packaging the foil gage on the ease of dealing with it also
helps to hold it on the surface also helps to isolate the
metal foil electrically from the mechanical element. The
ends of the wire weld the solder on the gage. When the
mechanical element is loaded, the metal foil changes its
shape and therefore the resistance changes, if this
resistance change is measured accurately, the emotion
can be calculated on the surface of the element. Emotion
measurements allow the stress condition to be
determined on the surface of the element.

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*Strain is of three types depending upon the change
produced in a body and the stress applied. The three
types of strain are:
* Longitudinal Strain
* Volume Strain
* Shearing Strain
Longitudinal Strain : It is the ratio of the change in length
of a body to the original length of the body. If L is the
original length of a wire or a rod and the final length of
the wire or the rod is L+ΔL under the action of a normal
stress, the change in length is ΔL
* Longitudinal Strain

* Volume Strain

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* Shearing Strain

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A simple measure of emotion. This measure is more
sensitive to emotion in the vertical direction (in the
direction of the larger length or rib) than the horizontal
direction (in the direction of the width). Arrows around
the active area (thin metal mesh area) help to properly
stabilize the scale when used

Measuring using an emotional sensor inside wheatstone

bridge.