5.

0 Introduction
This chapter is represented in four summaries. The first section contributes to an
overall summary of the study. Afterwards to this are the major findings, admonition for future
research, the implication of research and followed by the conclusion. The findings from the
study are used to discuss because the proposed guesswork is supported. All research
questions will be answered and finally the achievement of research purpose is determined.

5.1 Overview of the study

This paper focuses on the design of a perpetual production logistics inventory system
on a modular basis for the highest-level requirements. We address how the business process
and data modelling of an inventory system can be carried out using the state-of-the-art object-
oriented methodologies BPMN and UML. The literature research for inventory system
requirements is highlighted and carefully addressed. The models developed are used in the
prototype implementation of a computerised inventory information system capable of
integrating with other back-office systems to receive and send messages and notifications, as
well as run queries.
The improved information flow that was examined in relation to all inventory system
needs is made possible by the real-time functionality of integrated information systems. For
various types of inventory-related requisitions, such as inventory allocation, receptions, and
order-assignments, the query system dynamically manipulates data to maintain the
information current and ensures a trustworthy report production system. All inventory
schema management and traceability data generated from purchased orders can be linked by
the model to finished goods at the warehouse and to issuance for shipping. Through sporadic
updates to the inventory SKUs, the perpetually created system can represent the real physical
inventory. It allows a range of real-time control lookups, including item types, conditions,
and rates triggered by other integrated modules or by the common inventory system console,
in all incrementing and decrementing inventory SKUs kept in lots at the shopfloor and in
warehouses. The proposed inventory models' and database design's integration capabilities
enhance the accessibility of various data analyses, the simplicity of information access, and
the effectiveness of presenting interfaces.
All inventory data applications are well responded to due to improved visibility and
dynamic data storage/retrieval. The designed model is limited to an inventory management
system for a single company environment, with batch production for make-to-order.
Furthermore, to maintain the model's referentiality and purpose, replenishment policies
requirements such as defining safety stock have been seen as outside the scope of the paper
and are excluded from the modelling process. The data model is initially applicable to
environments with identical operational boundaries and complexity because the solution is a
research note in manufacturing control and logistics systems. It is expected that such a data
model will be further developed so that it can be integrated in the middle-level (e.g.,
knowledge management) or executable level to effectively advocate inventory control
system. The model takes advantage of a web-based environment by utilising email services, it
is also expected that such a modular and component-based model will broaden its
applicability by considering the loosely coupled concept.
 1) Bonney, M. C., 1994. Trends in inventory management. International Journal of
Production Economics, 25: 107-114.
2) Hung, W. Y., N. J. Samsatli and N. Shah, 2006. Object-oriented dynamic supply-
chain modelling incorporated with production scheduling. European Journal of
Operational Research, 169: 1064–1076.
3) Saad, N. and V. Kadirkamanathan, 2006. A DES approach for the contextual load
modelling of supply chain system for instability analysis. Simulation Modelling
Practice and Theory, 14: 541–563.

5.2 Summary of findings

The researcher created four subcategories within this category: competition, customer
pressure, supplier pressure, and government policies. It is conceivable that one of the
elements influencing the adoption of a computerised inventory system in logistic is providing
excellent customer service. Porter (2008) provides strong support for the findings by pointing
out that most businesses strive to satisfy their consumers to the greatest extent possible.
Because of this, logistic are compelled to implement a system that will satisfy customers.
They are now required to use the system due to the suppliers' ongoing adoption of it.
One could say that suppliers are gradually adjusting to the computerised inventory system.
Even though they are not all compatible, it can be argued that they are gradually adjusting to
it. Thus, for the logistic to operate effectively and act as a factor for adoption, this pushes
them to follow the suppliers' lead. Dylan (2003) emphasises that any business, including
logistic, can improve continuing operations and lower exchange costs by using the same
approach as suppliers.
Additionally, it is noted that as most businesses' primary objective is to survive the
competition, competition plays a significant part in the decision to adapt. Porter's (2008)
explanation that businesses must be inventive to thrive is a major contributor to this
argument. The same is true of the logistics. They have no choice but to adopt the technologies
that will streamline their everyday operations, increase sales and profits, provide consumers
with effective and efficient service, and, most importantly, allow them to survive.
Additionally, there has been a rise in interest in developing effective retail networks.
According to Lai, Wong, and Cheng (2006), the advancement of production network
execution has become inextricably linked to the adoption of IT. The partners in their
inventory network are increasingly putting pressure on foundations to accept data innovation.
However, institutional stock administration procedures change from one foundation to the
next. A foundation has a responsibility to acquire stock structures that are appropriate for its
objectives and activities in this way. The purpose of stock management frameworks is to
reduce the costs associated with stock administration. Stock administration systems are
nonetheless portrayed as complex systems that are difficult to develop (Jones and Riley,
1985).
 5.3 Recommendations for future research

There are few factors that should be excluded from the research to make it more accurate
and significant. This is to ensure that future studies have a higher chance of being guided to
use this issue as a significant issue in the future.

In this research there are five independent variables which are inventory control, limited
skills and knowledge, improvement of inventory, stock counting not accurate and one
dependent variable which is computerized usage of inventory management. To identify
whether the independent variables and dependent variables valid or not, the researchers
distribute the questionnaire using google form. After that, the responses are all convert to
SPSS analysis, and we could get the main factors that contributing to the Computerized
Inventory Management in Shah Alam

Based on this research, Norazira Abd Karim et al, (2018) stated that inventory control
and management are crucial to ensure smooth production and sustainable sales performance,
as well as preventing stockout that will result in customer switching to competitors. As the
statement above, the analysis prove that the smooth production and sustainable sales
performance is contributing to the preventing stockout that will result in customer switching
to competitors in Shah Alam. Due to it, the factors will lead to bring the most effective
computerized inventory and management among the inventory control. By considering these
factors, the process to make the computerized inventory effective is easy. The government
should improve the factors so that they could see a huge positive impact in usage of the
computerized inventory in Shah Alam.

According to T Zainun, (2018) most of the employees in the retail SMEs do not have
skill and knowledge on accounting, management principles, practices and procedures and the
employers or the owners of the retail do not place such knowledge as a priority in selecting
their employees. Most of the employees in company were selected based on their experience
in working and not on their knowledge. Although most of the employees do not have
appropriate knowledge on accounting, management principles, practices, and procedures,
they however have the knowledge on inventory control principles and method. As a result,
when employees lack skills and knowledge it will affect their job performance in the
workplace. when an employee does not do the job properly it will cause various problems
such as underproduction, overproduction, stock out situation, delays in the delivery of
materials and discrepancies in inventory records. When it happens, it will affect the
company's profits.

In another study, Atnafu & Balda (2018) stated that in the manufacturing industry,
inventory control is essential and considered as one of the key management areas as
inventory has a direct influence on profits of a company and the company could also suffer
from losses due to ineffective inventory system. To support the statement above. To manage
inventory effectively and efficiently, a thorough analysis is needed so that the operations in a
company can run smoothly and reduce the overall production cost. By having good inventory
management, a company will be able to generate more revenue. Analysis shows inventory
record inaccuracy appears to be a significant problem across the industries especially in the
retail and manufacturing industries. We should concern that When customers make orders,
the order will be produced and packed according to customer preferences. The order that has
been packed into cartons will be palletized and arrange on the pallet. Then, the palletized
goods will be kept either in the factory's warehouse before the goods are being shipped to the
point of destination. The information includes the brand, product, and the quantity of the
cartons on the pallet. However, workers will also count the cartons on each pallet manually
before generating the pallet slip. Due to this, sometimes, human errors occur. For instance,
miscount of the cartons on the pallet resulted in the mismatch of the number in the inventory
system and the physical inventory.

In addition, the stock ccounting not aaccurate determines the effectiveness of

computerized inventory management. Based on the article D. Parry (2014) state that
inaccurate inventory control can lead to lost business profits, manually managing the stock
may be inaccurate, consume time and prone to human error. Among the factors causing the
inventory record inaccuracy missing main sources of stock, misplacement of stock and stock
transaction errors. To solve these issues, inventory control requires a computerized system to
better manage the inventory in warehouse.

In this study, computerized usage one of the factors that lead to effectiveness of
inventory management. In the article Atieh (2016), he explained that the primary goal of a
warehouse is to manage the movement and storage of the goods in the most efficient way,
where computerized inventory was needed to aid the industrial revolution. For the result the
need for automating the warehouse arises from the fact that manual handling may cause
human errors which may affect the warehouse utilization. Computerized usage was the
effectiveness of inventory management also usage of the inventory management system in
Shah Alam.

5.4 Implication of Research

The implication of the study is a significant factor to keep in on mind when researchers
to perform the research. There is no point in conducting research if certain key parts of the
research subject are not key into data addressed. The significance of the research is to show
the challenges of computerized Inventory management in Shah Alam. As consequence, the
employee will acknowledge the fact of using computerized Inventory systems. It will also
gave prove the society about to improve data management and to monitoring the problem in
counting stock in warehouse etc., and it will gain more knowledge about benefits of using
modern technology which is computerized Inventory systems

The current research that is cited in this study is also all-important to recognize because it is
commonly related to this topic and will help individuals get some realization. According to
Decker, F. (2019) the benefits of using computerized Inventory systems for the employees/
manpower cause in modern era now using computerized systems are need in doing our works
with smooth the progress in real- time and that helping them to maximize the value of
benefits to the others. The problem before this that we had our which is Stock counting are
not accurate with this physical count problem to get the right amount of stock in inventory.
when we use the computerized so that we can solves this by using barcode scan and less
doing paperwork on manuals writing to count method with changes to the by scanning all
SKU product by sensors scanning in Inventory will make it faster, and more accurate in
counting by monitoring the inventory.

There is no denying that the effectiveness of using computerized systems in our Warehouse
inventory are important in role to manage stock counting to get result by more accurate.
Although, another problem are the shrinkage and missing inventory. This is are the common
problem if there is no computerized in our warehouse Inventory, every time we make sure the
goods in the warehouse are counted, we are not the only ones who come to the place to make
sure of something, there may be theft if we overlook because we don’t know every person
those come in warehouse, if we can’t monitoring the Inventory product is missing/ errors
cause we still use old manuals systems and data is only in file paperwork in inventory
management and potential to employees got a chance to theft leading list. Moreover, it also
will improve the performance of the workers if they are use a computerized and become more
efficient and minimize the errors in Inventory management and re-smooth run the business.

5.5 Conclusion
This Study are successfully about analyzed quality of usage Computerized Inventory in our
warehouse at Shah Alam by survey. This exploratory study described in this article provides
numerous opinions and suggestions in Inventory management problem when they use the
modern systems computerized of benefits and deficiency. This study found that are many
issues that we had it before and after we implant that computerized systems in our warehouse
it gave a modernity and also gain a less man power energy, to solve the stock counting and
avoid theft issue that before gain in action, before use computer systems which is barcode
scanners and cloud data file everything are become messy and the inventory are doesn’t
systematic and not efficient enough.

However. Computerized systems are the great systems to reduce human mistakes and energy
to make a profit and reduce or cut the losses with stock losing by theft issues by dishonest
workers or another issue. Moreover, computerized should become as to assist the monitoring
in real-time Inventory program and process to eliminate the glitch and also messy paperwork
that gave stress to all employees to resolve this matter and maximize the performance with
skills and knowledge to manage with gain the great results. They are use computerized
systems as to guide and assist the workers to make their work progress wisely without
miserable and gave common issue like errors in stock counting or another problem that
before this happened.
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