THE CELL CYCLE WORKSHEET

Matching: match the term to the description

A. Prophase B. Interphase C. Telophase D. Metaphase E. Anaphse F. Cytokinesis

e 1. The sister chromatids are moving apart.
____
a 2. The nucleolus begins to fade from view.
____
c 3. A new nuclear membrane is forming around the chromosomes.
____
f 4. The cytoplasm of the cell is being divided.
____
b 5. The chromosomes become invisible.
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d 6. The chromosomes are located at the equator of the cell.
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d 7. The nuclear membrane begins to fade from view.
____
f 8. The division (cleavage) furrow appears.
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e 9. The chromosomes are moving towards the poles of the cell.
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a 10. The spindle fibers begin to form.
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d 11. The spindle fibers are fully developed.
____
c 12. Nucleus begins to form at opposite poles.
____
f 14. The division of a cells cytoplasm.
____
b 15. Chromosomes are replicated.
____
c 16. The reverse of prophase.
____
b 17. Period of growth and development that precedes mitosis and follows cytokinesis
____

Fill in the blank: Some will be used more than once.

A. Prophase D. Metaphase G. Chromatid J. Spindle fiber (x2)
B. Interphase (x2) E. Anaphase H. Cytokinesis (x2) K. Cell plate
C. Telophase F. Centromere I. Mitosis

telophase
18. Nuclear envelop and nucleoli reappear and nucleus forms. ____________
anaphase
19. During what phase of mitosis do centromeres split and the chromosomes move toward their respective poles? ____
prophase
20. What is the phase where chromatin condenses to form chromosomes?__________
centromere
21. What is the name of the structure that connects the two chromatids? ____________
chromatid
22. In a chromosome pair connected by a centromere, what is each individual chromosome called? __________
mitosis
23. What are the two parts of cell division? _____________
spindle fiber
24. What structure forms in prophase that helps the chromosomes move? ____________
anaphase
25. Which phase of mitosis is the last phase that chromatids are together? ____________
interphase
26. Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by a non-dividing cell? _____________
spindle fiber
27. What structure is produced when protein fibers radiate from centrioles? ___________
cell plate
28. What forms across the center of a plant cell near the end of telophase? ___________
interphase
29. The period of cell growth and development between mitotic divisions? ____________
cytokinesis
30. When the two daughter cells split. _______________
The diagram below shows cells in various phases of the cell cycle. Note the cells are not arranged in
the order in which the cell cycle occurs. Use the diagram to answer questions 1-7.

1. Cells A & F show an early and a late stage of the same phase of the cell cycle. What is this phase
Interphase and Prophase
called? _____________
2. "C"
Which cell is in metaphase? ________________
3. "A"
Which cell is in the first phase of M phase (mitosis)?______________
4. Centrioles
In cell A, what structure is labeled X? ________________
5. "A-F-C-E-D-B"
List the diagrams in order from first to last in the cell cycle. ____________
6. The cells
Are the cells depicted plant or animal cells? _____________ are animal cells because they have a round
a. Explain your answer. shape and the cell membrane.
b. If it were the other type of cell what would be different in the diagram

7. What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?

The longest phase is the Interphase

8. Why is mitosis important?

It's important for the growth and development of our bodies.

9. Predict what would happen if an individual had faulty spindle fibers.

abnormal segregation

10. Predict what would happen if cytokinesis was skipped.

The cells would have too many chromosomes.

11. In the picture, identify the following stages in

the cell cycle. Which one is not represented?

A. 1
B. 4
C. 3
D. 5
E. 2
Cell Division and the Cell Cycle
True or False

Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false.

T 1. Cell division is basically the same in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
_____
T 2. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.
_____
T 3. Mitosis is the process in which the nucleus of the cell divides.
_____
T 4. DNA replication results in identical chromosomes.
_____
T 5. A cell spends most of its life in growth phase 1 of the cell cycle.
_____
F 6. The S checkpoint, just before entry into S phase, makes the key decision of whether the cell should divide.
_____
F 7. The correct order of phases of the cell cycle is G1 → S → G2 → M.
_____
F 8. Interphase consists of mitosis and cytokinesis.
_____
F 9. In prokaryotic cells, all organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, divide prior to
_____
cell division.
F 10. Bacteria divide cells by binary fusion.
_____
F 11. A mass of abnormal cells is called a tumor.
_____
T 12. Organelles are made during growth phase 2.
_____
T 13. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle.
_____
T 14. If the cell cycle is not regulated, cancer may develop.
_____
F 15. Mitosis occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
_____

Lesson 5.1: Critical Reading

Read these passages from the text and answer the questions that follow.
The Cell Cycle
Cell division is just one of several stages that a cell goes through during its lifetime. The cell cycle is a repeating
series of events, including growth, DNA synthesis, and cell division. The cell cycle in prokaryotes is quite simple:
the cell grows, its DNA replicates, and the cell divides. In eukaryotes, the cell cycle is more complicated.

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

The diagram in the figure below represents the cell cycle of a
eukaryotic cell. As you can see, the eukaryotic cell cycle has several
phases. The mitosis phase (M) actually includes both mitosis and
cytokinesis. This is when the
nucleus and then the cytoplasm divide. The other three phases
(G1, S, and G2) are generally grouped together as interphase.
During interphase, the cell grows, performs routine life
processes, and prepares to divide. These phases are discussed
below.
Eukaryotic Cell Cycle. This diagram represents the cell cycle in eukaryotes. The G1, S, and G2 phases make up
interphase (I). The M (mitotic) phase includes mitosis and cytokinesis. After the M phase, two cells result.
Interphase
Interphase of the eukaryotic cell cycle can be subdivided into the following three phases, which are
represented in the figure above:

• Growth Phase 1 (G1): During this phase, the cell grows rapidly, while performing routine metabolic
processes. It also makes proteins needed for DNA replication and copies some of its organelles in
preparation for cell division. A cell typically spends most of its life in this phase.
• Synthesis Phase (S): During this phase, the cell’s DNA is copied in the process of DNA replication.
• Growth Phase 2 (G2): During this phase, the cell makes final preparations to divide. For example,
it makes additional proteins and organelles.

Cancer and the Cell Cycle

Cancer is a disease that occurs when the cell cycle is no longer regulated. This may happen because a
cell’s DNA becomes damaged. Damage can occur because of exposure to hazards such as radiation or
toxic chemicals. Cancerous cells generally divide much faster than normal cells. They may form a mass
of abnormal cells called a tumor. The rapidly dividing cells take up nutrients and space that normal cells
need. This can damage tissues and organs and eventually lead to death.

Questions
1. What is the cell cycle?
It's a series of events that take place in a cell as it grows and divides.

2. What are the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

Mitosis - G1 - S - G2

3. In which phase does a cell spend most of its life? What happens during this phase?
In the Interphase, the cell spends the time growing, replicating the chromosomes and
preparing to the division.

4. What is cancer? What may cause cancer to occur?

It's a disease, it occurs by changes to genes that control the way our cells functions.

5. What is the S phase? What happens during this phase?

The S phase occurs before the miosis, during this phase the DNA has been replicating.
Lesson 5.1: Multiple Choice
Circle the letter of the correct choice.

1. Which cells undergo cell division?

a. prokaryotic cells only
b. eukaryotic cells only
c. cancer cells only
d. both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
2. Cell division in eukaryotic cells is a complex process because of
a. the multiple chromosomes.
b. the nucleus.
c. the many organelles.
d. all of the above
3. Most routine metabolic processes occur during which phase of the cell cycle?
a. growth phase 1
b. the S phase
c. growth phase 2
d. the M phase
4. The correct order of the eukaryotic cell cycle is
a. G1→G2→S→M.
b. S→G1→G2→M.
c. M→G1→S→G2.
d. G1→S→G2→M.
5. The correct order of prokaryotic cell division is
a. cytokinesis → DNA replication → chromosome segregation.
b. DNA replication → chromosome segregation → cytokinesis.
c. growth → DNA replication → mitosis.
d. DNA replication→ mitosis → cytokinesis.
6. Which cell cycle checkpoint determines whether the DNA has been replicated correctly?
a. the cell growth checkpoint
b. the DNA synthesis checkpoint
c. the mitosis checkpoint
d. the G2 checkpoint
7. What happens during mitosis?
a. The nucleus of the cell divides.
b. The cytoplasm of the cell divides.
c. The cell divides.
d. The DNA replicates.
8. Cell division in prokaryotic cells is called
a. binary fission.
b. binary fusion.
c. mitosis.
d. cytokinesis.
Lesson 5.1: Vocabulary I

Match the vocabulary word with the proper definition.

Definitions
d 1. the process in which one cell divides to form two daughter cells
_____
f 2. the process in which all of the nuclear DNA is copied
_____
c 3. a repeating series of events that describes the life of a cell
_____
i 4. phase of the cell cycle that includes the G1, S, and G2 phases
_____
a
_____ 5. the process by which bacterial cells divide
k
_____ 6. phase of the cell cycle in which the cell’s DNA is copied
b
_____ 7. occurs when the cell cycle is no longer regulated
g
_____ 8. phase of the cell cycle in which the cell grows rapidly and performs many metabolic processes
h 9. phase of the cell cycle in which the cell makes final preparations to divide.
_____
e 10. division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two daughter cells
_____
l 11. an abnormal mass of cells
_____
j 12. the process in which the nucleus of the cell divides
_____
Terms
a. binary fission
b. cancer
c. cell cycle
d. cell division
e. cytokinesis
f. DNA replication
g. growth Phase 1
h. growth phase 2
i. interphase
j. mitosis
k. synthesis phase
l. tumor
Lesson 5.1: Vocabulary II

Fill in the blank with the appropriate term.

cell cycle is no longer regulated.

1. Cancer is a disease that occurs when the ____________
mitosis
2. During ____________, the nucleus of the cell divides.
interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle.
3. ____________
synthesis phase, the cell’s DNA is copied in the process of DNA replication.
4. During the ____________
prokaryotes cells occurs by binary fission.
5. Cell division in ____________
nucleus
6. During mitosis, the ____________ are sorted and separated to ensure that each daughter cell
receives a complete set.
cytoplasm divides.
7. During cytokinesis, the ____________
checkpoints in the cell cycle ensure that the cell is ready to proceed before it moves on to the next
8. ____________
phase of the cycle.
daughter
9. After cell division, the new cells are referred to as ____________ cells.
anaphase
10. Chromosome ____________ refers to the two chromosomes separating and moving to opposite
ends of the cell.
mitosis
11. In eukaryotes, the first step in cell division is ____________, and the second step is cytokinesis.
G1, S, G2
12. The cell cycle is controlled by regulatory ____________ at three key checkpoints.

Critical Writing
Thoroughly answer the question below. Use appropriate academic vocabulary and clear and complete sentences.
Describe the eukaryotic cell cycle, listing and discussing the main events of each phase.
(150 words)