The Effects of Modular Distance Learning to the Learning Environment of

Senior High School Students

A1-G12-11-GAS

Leader
Vasallo, John Steve M.

Sub-leader 1 Sub-leader 2 Sub-leader 3 Sub-leader 4

Baguio, Marikit T. Ganzan, Jay Ann C Jamero, Gerymae Anthia Montecalbo, Mary Catherine

Members
Banaybanay, Ericka Japona, Jhorey A. Udasco, Grace Joy A.
Barat, Aslima D. Latonero, Lyndie Rose Watimar, Cyreldiane S.
Bobadilla, Arlyn B. Letigio, Cheryl A. Zambas, Realyn S.
Cañeda, Jyra P. Montes, Rachelle Ann
Cabisada, Justine Jude F. Namla, Janisah O.
Cabutad, Rhea Mae B. Quitoras, Mary Jane H.
Eroy, Dona P. Ragandang, Joe Marie H.
Estorba, Krisha Wyn Taray, Gepzy Z.
Isidto, Kimberly Kate

Monday 8:00-10:00 AM

Date of Submission
November 28, 2020
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalizations or conclusions,

methodologies, and other data that are related to the present study. The materials that

are included in this chapter help in familiarizing information that are relevant and similar

to the present study.

Related Literature

Modular learning is a form of education provision that uses contemporary

technologies to use and to communicate. Indicates that the subjects’ perception of the

effectiveness of online learning and their capability to attend the e-learning sessions is

independent of their lifestyle and available e-learning tools despite the result analysis of

variance showing that their perceived mathematical capability is significantly different

(Cortez, 2020).

Students are the consumers of establishment and educators, so basically for

them geared up with knowledge, perception is the new developments in technology that

we must need right now. Because of this pandemic technology of computers started to

arise and scholars start gaining knowledge of no longer just at the tertiary level. The

degree of students’ readiness in open and distance education and the linear correlation

of variables, A suggests online learning environment model used to be additionally

discussed (Riaz Hussain Malik 2018). So basically the role of teachers in the design of
pedagogically effective learning environments receives and renewed emphasis,

Furthermore, the distance learning course design increasing in some cases because

they are synchronous and asynchronous online collaborative activity (Patricia

Arinto,2016).

Through the evolving arena of educational reform over the decades, the

educational policy with an emphasis on teacher evaluation has become a priority (Laura

C., 2015). However, Students often rely on sites that can help them answer their tasks,

and sometimes, they rely too much. Having a new learning environment with an access

to Internet connections might give the students idea about how they can easily finish

their works ( Bagarinao, Ricardo, 2015). This can also have an effect on students'

learning capabilities because they now rely to sources and they can't really see the

need to study and familiarize the lessons anymore.

Related Studies

Local

Distance Learning is one of the student’s common reasons why a student’s

learning environment can be affected. According to Catherine S Cavanaugh, C.(2001)

that distance learning education along with technological advancement such as online

classes shows that students are more likely to be comfortable in an open field where

you can interact face to face with your teachers. Also, online classes have been
effective through the course of years, some are comfortable in their own homes by only

interacting with their peers and teachers through video-conference and over

telecommunication. Catherine S Cavanaugh.(2001).

The Pandemic has also greatly affected the student’s learning environment as of

now, as President Rodrigo Roa Duterte has put halt on education. Experts argue that

this impacts not only academic learning, but more importantly, socio-emotional

development (Moroni, Nicoletti, and Tominey 2020). Thus, opening the schoolyear

2020-2021 on September 24, the mode of education has been modular learning, some

are enrolled in Online Classes and for some Colleges they have allowed face-to-face

classes. Since then, students have been having a hard time answering their modules in

this style without teachers having to teach them only parents. Some cannot tend to

focus on answering due to the responsibilities in their own household their own learning

environment. Fontanos, Gonzalez, Lucasan, Ocampo, C.(2020).

A systematic search of the research literature from 1996 through July 2008

identified more than a thousand empirical studies of online learning. Analysts screened

these studies to find those that (a) contrasted an online to a face-to-face condition, (b)

measured student learning outcomes, (c) used a rigorous research design, and (d)

provided adequate information to calculate an effect size. As a result of this screening,

51 independent effects were identified that could be subjected to meta-analysis. The

meta-analysis found that, on average, students in online learning conditions performed

better than those receiving face-to-face instruction. The difference between student

outcomes for online and face-to-face classes—measured as the difference between

treatment and control means, divided by the pooled standard deviation—was larger in
those studies contrasting conditions that blended elements of online and face-to-face

instruction with conditions taught entirely face-to-face. Analysts noted that these

blended conditions often included additional learning time and instructional elements not

received by students in control conditions. This finding suggests that the positive effects

associated with blended learning should not be attributed to the media, per se. An

unexpected finding was the small number of rigorous published studies contrasting

online and face-to-face learning conditions for K–12 students. In light of this small

corpus, caution is required in generalizing to the K–12 population because the results

are derived for the most part from studies in other settings (e.g., medical training, higher

education). Means, Barbara and Toyama, Yuki and Murphy, Robert and Bakia,

Marianne and Jones, Karla (2009).

Foreign

The students prefer to learn in the open field, where they can interact with the

teachers and Peers. It changed by the time internet was introduce, the creation of the

internet in 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee (Patterson, 1999) greatly influenced how people

accessed information, interactive socially and prefer to learn. According to Seemiller

and Grace (2017) Those children that was born between 1995 and 2010 have grown

with an easy access to the internet and are accustomed to multitasking, accessing

information with a few clicks and watching something being done before doing it

themselves. The traditional educational setting no longer meets the needs of generation

of students who strive to design their own learning experience (Office of Educational

Technology, Department of Education, 2017). However, the change from a teacher-

centered learning environment to a student-centered learning environment with the

integration of technology creates challenges and creates opportunities for educators

(Nicol et al., 2018). The educators recognize advantages of technology in terms of

Educational purposes over traditional teaching — it improves the students learning.

Hartman, Townsend, and Jackson (2019).

According to Bosque and Dore (1998), learning and teaching environment ought

to implement six functions: inform, communicate, collaborate, produce, scaffold, and

manage. Students become more motivated knowing that there is teacher that care and

giving concern with their knowledge. A sample of 370 randomly selected students was

taken from a population of Bumiputera's students. The data was done, and the findings

revealed that students could assess the four components that contribute to their

academic performance, which is: Facilities provided, housing environment, parents

motivation, school, and teachers factors. Rollins and Thomas (1979) found that high

parental control was associated with high achievement. Cassidy and Lynn (1991)

explored how family environment impacts motivation and achievement. This means that

learning in home environment can provide the students with a different level of feelings,

increase of motivation and concentrate. Kamaruddin, Zainal, and Aminuddin (2009).

Identifying the situation in a Distance Learning Environment is impossible.

Moreover, the physical separation between the teacher and the students can cause

"transactional distance". This can result vague instructions and a misunderstanding of

the lesson. This concept was coined by Moore (2013) indicates during the lesson

between the students and the teacher can result gaps in understanding or

misunderstanding process. Studies indicate several problems that can be traced back to

the detachment between the teacher and students, such as lack of personal attention,
not addressing personal needs, and difficulty in identifying students for whom the

distance learning system is not beneficial. (Muilenburg and barge et. Al., 2015, 2016)

The COVID-19 pandemic makes the students struggle in their learning because

going to school is prohibited. The related studies that researchers gathered are similar

to modular learning which is a form of education provision that uses contemporary

technologies to use and to communicate. Distance learning has been an alternative

method for students able to continue learning. However, because of distance learning,

students encountered obstacles that hinder their learning because they have to do it

themselves. Online classes are a way of learning where the technology of computers

started to arise. Modular learning or a combination of an online class and modular

learning were the modes of students since face to face is not applicable.

In a foreign context, their mode of learning is online since almost everyone has

access to the internet and it also provides them high-quality learning to the students. In

the local context, we can observe that there are a lot of means towards education,

modular learning, online classes, or even face-to-face classes. However, students

prefer online classes since it's more effective because you can interact with your

teacher and even with your classmate. The researchers' study focuses on the learning

environment of senior high school students and its effect on academic performance,

where online learning is implemented. This study is unique, where it assesses the

students in their learning environment, regarding the new mode of learning

management, amidst to Covid-19 pandemic.

 Overview of related literature studies is about how distance learning affects the

development of a student on their learning and environment. The researchers gather

the related literature studies as it will help the researchers to conclude. It will support the

researcher's study on how modular learning affects the learning environment of the

students. The data that the researchers gathered will help the researchers to

demonstrate the learning environment of the students using self-learning modules

(SLMs).

Sources (APA Style) Members Contributed sources

1. Blended, Distance, Electronic, and Cyrel Watimar.

Virtual-Learning or the New

Normal of Mathematics Education:

A Senior High School Student’s

Perception.

https://www.ejimed.com/article/

blended distance-electronic-and-

virtual-learning-for-the-new-normal-of-

mathematics-education-a-8276

2. Senior High School Students’ Ericka Banaybanay

Engagement and Readiness in

eLearning Environment Basis for a

 Proposed Online Learning

Environment

Model.https://papers.ssrn.com/sol

3/papers.cfm?

abstract_id=3504191

Arlyn Bobadilla

3. Issues and Chchallenges in Open

and Distance E-Learning

Perspective from the Philippines

http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irro

dl/article/view/1913/3651

Aslima Barat
4. A study of modular professional

learning and mentoring and its

impact on teacher effectiveness

https://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/ha
Jyra Cañeda
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5. Students' Navigational Pattern and

Performance in an E-Learning

Environment
Isidto, Kimberly Kate,
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1092799
Japona, Jhorey A.

6. Catherine S Cavanaugh,

The effectiveness of interactive

distance education technologies in K-

Latonero, Lyndie Rose,
12 learning: A meta-analysis. (ND)
https://www.learntechlib.org/p/8461/ Letigio, Cheryl A.

7. Fontanos, Gonzalez, Lucasan,

Ocampo, C. ,

Revisiting Flexible Learning Options

(FLOs) in Basic Education in the

Philippines: Implications for Senior

High School (SHS). (October 9,2020)

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(2009).

Evaluation of Evidence-Based

Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-

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Learning Studies. Project Report. Watimar, Cyreldiane S.

Centre for Learning Technology.

https://www.learntechlib.org/p/8461/

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Jackson (2019). Educators'

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