BODY SYSTEMS ANATOMY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the presentation trainees
will be able to achieve the following:
❑ To know the meaning of human
anatomy & physiology
❑ To learn the basic human anatomy
according to body systems.
❑ To familiarize anatomical
terminologies
❑ To gain knowledge with the
physiology of some body organs
What is Human Anatomy?
- is a branch of science that
deals with the structure of body
parts, their forms, and how they
are organized.

- deals with the way the parts of

human, from molecules to bones,
interact to form a functional unit.
What is Human Physiology?

- is the study of functions of the

body parts.
Why Studying Anatomy & Physiology
Important In Caregiving?

To study anatomy & physiology is a

mandatory for anyone who plan to
perform in the field of medicine.

It provide learners with a primary base

required to help the patient and
understand on how to take good care
of the patient.
Why Studying Anatomy & Physiology
Important In Caregiving?

It gives strong understanding of the anatomic

conditions used in regards to one’s individual
body, the location of major organs and space of
one’s individual body system, specific anatomy
and physiology conditions, physiological
functions and locations of cells of one’s
individual body and physiological components of
all techniques of one’s individual body.
HOW IS THE BODY ORGANIZED?
HOW IS THE BODY ORGANIZED?
Cells group together
to form TISSUES

Tissues form together to

form ORGANS

Organs group together to

form ORGAN SYSTEMS

Organ systems that

makes the ORGANISM
WHAT IS CELL?

It is the basic unit of life

It is capable of metabolism

It is capable of growth

It is capable of reproduction
 WHAT IS CELL?
ORGANELLES structures
inside of the cell, help the
cell to make the energy
needs to stay alive & to
get rid of waste products.

CYTOPLASM a jelly-like
substance wherein the
organelles floats.

NUCLEUS is the cell’s

brain. It contains all of the
information the cell needs
to do its job, grow &
reproduce.

CELL MEMBRANE
surrounds cytoplasm and
gives the cell its shape.

ORGANELLES
WHAT ARE TISSUES?

❑ Cells that are similar in

structure and specialized
function join together
they form tissues.
 WHAT IS TISSUE?

EPITHELIAL TISSUES
• Covers the outside the body, lines internal
structures & forms glands.
• Function is protection

CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• It connects other tissues together
• Supports & forms the framework for all the
parts of the body
 WHAT ARE TISSUES?

MUSCLE TISSUE
• Produces movement
• Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, cardiac
muscles

NERVOUS TISSUE
• Conducts information
• Brain, spinal cord & nerves are made of
WHAT ARE ORGANS?
❑ A group of tissues
functioning together for
a similar form an organ.
WHAT ARE ORGAN SYSTEMS?

❑ Is a group of organs that

work together to perform a
specific function for the body.

❑ Human beings have ten main

organs system
THE ORGAN SYSTEMS
❑ Integumentary system
❑ Skeletal system
❑ Muscular system
❑ Respiratory system
❑ Cardiovascular system
❑ Nervous system
❑ Endocrine system
❑ Digestive system
❑ Urinary system
❑ Reproductive system
HEALTH AND DISEASE
▪ HOMEOSTASIS OR BALANCE
➢ “Staying the same”

▪ DISEASE
➢ or a disorder occurs when the
structure or function of an organ or
an organ system is abnormal.

➢ can be acute (temporary) or chro

nic (long term).
 CATEGORIES OF DISEASE
Infectious

Degenerative

Nutritional

Metabolic (endocrine)

Immune

Neoplastic

Psychiatric
RISK FACTORS FOR DISEASES
Age

Gender

Heredity

Lifestyle

Occupation

Chronic disease

Emotional health
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES
SUPERIOR means that a body
part is above another part.

INFERIOR means that a body part

is below another body part.

ANTERIOR OR VENTRAL
means toward the front. (The eyes
are anterior to the brain.)

POSTERIOR OR DORSAL
means toward the back. (The
pharynx is posterior to the oral
cavity).

MEDIAL refers to an imaginary

midline dividing the body into
equal right and left halves. A body
part is medial if it is closer to the
midline than another part. (The
nose is medial to the eyes.)
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES
LATERAL means toward the side,
away from the imaginary midline.
(The ears are lateral to the eyes.)

BILATERAL refers to paired

structures, one of which is on each
side. (The lungs are bilateral.)

IPSILATERAL refers to structures

on the same side. (The right lung a
nd the right kidney are ipsilateral.)

CONTRALATERAL refers to struct

ures on the opposite side. (A patien
t with a fractured bone in the right
leg would
have to bear weight on the contral
ateral in this case, left lower limb.)

PROXIMAL describes a body part

that is closer to a point of
attachment to the trunk than
another body part.
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES
DISTAL is the opposite of
proximal. It means that a particular
body part is farther from a point of
attachment to the trunk than anoth
er body part is.

SUPERFICIAL means situated nea

r the surface. (The epidermis is the
superficial layer of the skin.)

PERIPHERAL also means outward

or near the surface. It describes the
location of certain blood vessels &
nerves. (The nerves that branch fro
m the brain and spinal cord are
eripheral nerves.)

DEEP describes parts that are

more internal than superficial parts.
(The dermis is the deep layer of the
skin.)
DORSAL BODY CAVITY
VENTRAL BODY CAVITY
PLANE and SECTION
BODY PLANES
BODY PLANES
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 BODY STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

EPITHELIAL TISSUE
- are widespread
throughout the body.

- they form the covering

of all body surfaces, line
body cavities and hollow
organs, and are the major
tissue in glands.

- they perform a variety

of functions that include
protection, secretion,
absorption, excretion,
filtration, diffusion, and
sensory reception.
 BODY STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

- is the tissue that con

nects, separates and su
pports all other types o
f tissues in the body.
 BODY STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

NERVE TISSUE
- is grouped into two main
categories: neurons and
neuroglia. Neurons, or
nerves, transmit electrical
impulses, while neuroglia
do not; neuroglia have
many other functions
including supporting and
protecting neurons.
BODY STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
 BODY STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE
- a medical term for skin whic
h
contains the three layers.

• EPIDERMIS
- is the outer layer.

• DERMIS
- is the layer containing th
e
hair follicles, nails and gland
s

• SUBCUTANEOUS
- is the bottom beneath th
e
actual skin.
Roles of Caregiver Prevent
PRESSURE ULCERS
▪ Changing position 2 hourly
▪ Use observation skills
▪ Provide good skin care
▪ Provide good perineal care
▪ Anticipate toileting needs
▪ Encourage mobility
▪ Minimize friction injury
▪ Encourage good nutrition & hydration
▪ Use pressure-reducing device
❑ The skeletal systems consists of
the bones. The 206 bones in the human
body form a framework.

❑ It gives the structure and shape

to the body and protects key vital
organs.

❑ It made also of ligaments and

tendons
TENDONS
• Bands of connective tissue that attach
skeletal muscles to the bones.

LIGAMENTS
• Very strong bands of fibrous tissue that
cross over the joint capsules, attaching one
bone to another and stabilizing the joint.
CLASSIFICATION OF BONES

Long bones (legs and bones)

Short bones (wrist & ankles)

Flat bones (ribs & bones form the skull)

Irregular bones (spinal column & face)

 JOINTS

❑ CARTILAGE
- a tough, fibrous substance, fills in the
space between the bones in the slightly
movable joint.
- acts as the shock absorber.
❑ SYNOVIAL FLUID
- a thick fluids secreted by the lining of
the capsule which form of connective
tissues encloses the ends of the bones
S
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 • SHORT BONES – Carpals and tarsals
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 • FLAT BONES – Ribs, Scapula, Skull, Sternum
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K S
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 • IRREGULAR – Vertebrae, Sacrum, and Mandible
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K S
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 FUNCTIONS OF
MUSCULOSKELTAL SYSTEM
▪ Protection
▪ Support
▪ Movement
▪ Heat production
▪ Calcium storage
▪ Production of blood cells
 DISORDERS OF
MUSCULOSKELTAL SYSTEM

▪ OSTEOPOROSIS – excessive loss

of bone tissue.
RISK FACTORS:
▪ White race
▪ Small bones
▪ Inactivity or immobility
▪ Diseases of the thyroid &
adrenal glands
▪ Lack in calcium, vit. D. & proteins
▪ Steroids
 DISORDERS OF
MUSCULOSKELTAL SYSTEM
▪ ARTHRITIS
- inflammation of the joints with pain & stiffness.
TYPES:
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Gout

▪ MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
- skeletal muscles progressively weaker.

▪ FRACTURES
- broken bone.

▪ AMPUTATION
- removal of all part of an arm or leg.
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 DISORDERS OF
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
▪ INFECTION
• PNEUMONIA
- inflammation of lung tissues.
• BRONCHITIS
- inflammation of bronchi.
▪ ASTHMA
- affects by constriction of the bro
nchi and bronchioles.
 DISORDERS OF
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

▪ Chronic Obstructive pulmonary

Disease (COPD)
- general term use to describe two
related disorders emphysema (damage to
the alveoli) and chronic bronchitis (long te
rm irritation of the bronchi & bronchioles.
- leading cause is smoking
 DISORDERS OF
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
▪ CANCER
▪ PNEUMOTHORAX
- occurs when air builds up in the space b
etween the lungs & the chest wall (stab
wounds).

▪ HEMOTHORAX – occurs when

blood builds up in the space between the
lungs & the chest wall (rupture of the lun
g tissue/bleeding).
C
A STRUCTURES
R
D
BLOOD
I S
PLASMA – liquid part of the blood (90% water,
O Y
10% glucose, amino acids, fats & proteins.
V S
A T
S E BLOOD CELLS
C M
- red blood cells (carry oxygen),
U
- white blood cells (fight infection)
L
A - platelets (clotting)

R
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STRUCTURES
R
BLOOD VESSELS
D
I S VEINS

O Y - carry blood to the heart.

V S ARTERIES
A T
- carry blood away from the heart.
S E
C M ARTERIOLES

U - smallest arteries.
L
CAPILLARIES
A
- branches send off by arterioles.
R
C
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STRUCTURES
R
D LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
I S
O Y
- helps to return the leak plasma from the

V S tissues back to bloodstream

A T - Produces some of the white blood cells
S E and fight invading pathogens
C M
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C
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STRUCTURES
R
D HEART
I S
- Is a hollow, muscular organ about the size
O Y
of a fist that lies in the center of the chest,
V S
tilted a bit toward the left, behind the
A T
S E sternum (breastbone).
C M
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C
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STRUCTURES
R
D PERICARDIUM
I S
- is a thin, two-layered, fluid-filled sac
O Y
that covers the outer surface of the
V S
A T heart.

S E - It provides lubrication for the heart,

C M shields the heart from infection and
U
malignancy, and contains the heart in the
L
chest wall.
A
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C
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STRUCTURES
R
THE HEART IS COMPOSED OF THREE LAYERS:
D
I S EPICARDIUM (OUTER LAYER)

O Y - which prevents excess expansion or movement

V S of the heart.
A T MYOCARDIUM (MIDDLE LAYER)
S E
- which initiates contractions driving the cardiac
C M
cycle.
U
ENDOCARDIUM (INNER LAYER)
L
A - that lines the cavities and valves.

R
C
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STRUCTURES
R
THE HEART IS COMPOSED OF FOUR CHAMBERS
D
RIGHT ATRIUM
I S
- receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the
O Y
right ventricle.
V S
RIGHT VENTRICLE
A T
- pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
S E
LEFT ATRIUM
C M
- receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the
U left ventricle.
L LEFT VENTRICLE
A - pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the ascending AORTA going
R to your body.
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 FUNCTIONS OF
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

▪ TRANSPORT
- bringing oxygen, nutrients, &
other necessary substances to the
cells & taking waste materials.

▪ REGULATION
- regulation of temperature.

▪ PROTECTION
 DISORDERS OF
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
▪ ANEMIA
- decreases ability to transport oxygen to the cells.

▪ LEUKEMIA
- excessive production of white blood cells (cause by
cancer of bone marrow or cancer Lymphatic tissue.

▪ BLEEDING DISORDERS
- Thrombus
- blood clots.
- Embolus
- blood clots moves from one place to another.
 DISORDERS OF
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
▪ ATHEROSCLEROSIS
- blocking of the Arteries (plaque - fatty
deposits).

▪ VARICOSE VEINS
- pooling of blood in the superficial veins.

▪ PHLEBITIS
- inflammation of the veins.

▪ VENOUS THROMBOSIS
- blood clots.

▪ VENOUS ULCERS
- ulcers seen in the legs (ankle area).
 DISORDERS OF
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
▪ CORONARY HEART DISEASE
- narrowing as a result from
Atherosclerosis.
- medication
- balloon angioplasty plus stent
- CABG (coronary artery bypass
surgery graft)
❑ ANGINA PECTORIS
- classic chest pain result from less oxygen supply to
the heart muscles.
❑ MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION “heart attack”
- dead tissue or heart muscles.
 DISORDERS OF
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
▪ HEART FAILURE
- heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the
body’s needs.

COR PULMONALE OR CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

- Right or left sided heart failure.

▪ DYSRHYTHMIAS
- irregular heart rate, rhythm (heart block treated by pace
maker).
- increase risk for heart attack or stroke.
▪ CARDIAC ARREST
- the sudden stopping of heart action and breathing.
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 DISORDERS OF
NERVOUS SYSTEM
▪ TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK
- decrease blood flow to the tissues of
the brain.

▪ STROKE “BRAIN ATTACK” OR

CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)
- Blood flow to the brain is completely blo
cked.
- Common cause is blood clots
- RISK FACTORS: Aherosclerosis,
smoking, hypertension, Diabetes, cerebral
Hemorrhage.
 DISORDERS OF
NERVOUS SYSTEM
▪ PARKINSON’S DISEASE
- a progressive disease causes the neurons t
o stop producing dopamine (neurotransmit
ter) for proper functioning of the neurons.

T - tremor of the hands, legs, jaw, face.

R - rigidity or stiffness of the limbs & trunks.
A - akinesia (lack of movement) or
bradykinesia (slow movement).
P - postural instability or impaired balance &
coordination.
 DISORDERS OF
NERVOUS SYSTEM

▪ MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
- autoimmune disease attacks & destroys the
myelin sheaths that protects the nerves, resulting
In faulty transmission of nerve impulses.

▪ HEAD INJURY
- damage of the brain cause by
accident & gunshot wound, or from long period st
opping the breathing like near drowning, drug ove
rdose or choking.
 DISORDERS OF
NERVOUS SYSTEM
COMA
- is a deep state of unconsciousness in
which a person cannot be aroused.

PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE

- has a sleep-wake cycles & able to breat
he by their own.
- responding to the environment.
 DISORDERS OF
NERVOUS SYSTEM
LEVEL OF CONCIOUSNESS
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 DISORDERS OF
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

▪ PITUITARY GLAND DISORDERS

(DWARFISM OR GIGANTISM) proportion
AGROMEGALY
- too much production of growth hormones
(not taller has disproportioned appearance in han
ds and face).

▪ THYROID DISORDER
HYPERTHYROIDISM
- excessive secretion of thyroxine.
HYPOTHYROIDISM
- low secretion of thyroxine.
 DISORDERS OF
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

▪ ADRENAL GLANDS DISORDERS

• ADDISON’S DISEASE
- adrenal cortex is destroyed resulting in low levels
of the adrenal cortical hormones.

• CUSHING’S SYNDROME
- excessive secretions of glucocorticoids.
(high dose of steroids)

▪ DIABETES MELLITUS
TYPE I – no insulin production
TYPE II – less production of insulin
D
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 - breaks down food physically and
D chemically so it can be absorbed for
use by the cells.
I
S SEROSA
G - the outermost layer of the
Y
E digestive tract composed of

S connective tissue.
S
T SALIVA
T - a fluid that breaks down food and
E begins the chemical breakdown of
I carbohydrates.
M
V UVULA
- soft tissue hanging down from the
E soft palate in the mouth.

SMALL INTESTINE
- the longest part of the digestive
Tract.
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 DISORDERS OF
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
▪ ULCERS
- sores caused by wearing away of the protective
mucosa that lines the digestive tract.
RISK FACTORS:
- Smoking
- Frequent used of pain medication
- Infection

▪ HERNIA
– internal organ bulges through a weak muscular
wall of the abdominal cavity.
 DISORDERS OF
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

▪ GALL BLADDER DISORDERS

CHOLECYSTITIS
- inflammation of gall bladder.
CHOLITHIASIS
- stones in gall bladder.

▪ CANCER
(colorectal cancer second most common
cancer in US)
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MALE FEMALE
 -also known as the renal system.
U
S
R URINARY TRACT CONSISTS:
Y Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra.
I
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N
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R PURPOSE OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
M
Y - is to eliminate waste from the body.
- regulate blood volume and blood pre
ssure, control levels of electrolytes an
d metabolites, and regulate blood ph.
 CORTEX OF THE KIDNEY
- contains millions of nephrons.
U - it is a tiny filtering unit, processing the
S blood & removing unwanted substances.
R
Y
I
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N
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A URINE
E
R - is a yellow fluid mostly water mixed with salts
M and waste products such as urea, filter from the
Y
blood.
- It is made from the kidney & carried to the
bladder by the ureters.

- It is passed out of the body as a waste

products.
U
S
R Average Urine Production In Adult Humans
Y
I
S - is about 1–2 liters (L) per day.
N
T - depending on state of hydration, activity
A level, environmental factors, weight, and
E
R the individual's health.
M
Y
 DISORDERS OF
URINARY SYSTEM
▪ INFECTIONS
URETHRITIS
- infection of urethra.
(STI) or Sexually Transmitted Disease
- common in men.
CYSTITIS
- infection in bladder.
- common in women.
PYELONEPHRITIS
- infection of kidney.

▪ NEUROGENIC BLADDER
- condition caused by problems of the
nerves that control the bladder.

▪ KIDNEY STONES
 DISORDERS OF
URINARY SYSTEM
▪ KIDNEY (RENAL FAILURE)
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
- decrease amount of blood flow through the
kidneys.
- cause by poisoning, severe infection or aller
gic reactions.

CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

- from gradual loss of functioning
nephrons.
- common cause hypertension and
diabetes.
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EXTERNAL STRUCTURES
C E LABIA MAJORA enclose and protect the other external
T M reproductive organs, contain sweat and oil-secreting glands.
LABIA MINORA lie just inside the labia majora, and surround the
I openings to the vagina.
CLITORIS two labia minora meet at the clitoris, a small, sensitive
V protrusion that is comparable to the penis in males
BARTHOLIN'S GLANDS are located beside the vaginal opening
E and produce a fluid (mucus) secretion.

This form the VULVA.

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INTERNAL STRUCTURES
C E VAGINA a canal that joins the cervix to the outside of the body. It
T M is known as birth canal.
CERVIX is the lower part that opens into the vagina.
I UTERUS a hollow, pear-shaped organ that is the home to a develo
ping fetus. (corpus).
V OVARIES are small, oval-shaped glands that are located on either
side of the uterus. They produce eggs and hormones.
E FALLOPIAN TUBES are narrow tubes that are attached to the uppe
r part of the uterus and serve as tunnels for the ova (egg cells) to
travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
R
E
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R S Accessory Organs of
O Y
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
D S
U T
▪ Breast (mammary glands)
C E
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 FUNCTIONS OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

▪ OVA OR OOCYTES
- produces the egg cells necessary for rep
roduction.
▪ Conception
▪ Produces female sex hormones
that maintain the reproductive
cycle.
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▪ At birth, there are approximately
R S 1 million to 2 million eggs
O Y ▪ By the time of puberty, only
D S about 300,000 remain. Of these,
U T only about 500 will be ovulated dur
C E ing a woman's reproductive lifetime.
T M ▪ Any remaining eggs gradually
I die out at menopause
V
E
 DISORDERS OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

▪ MENSTRUAL DISORDERS
AMENORRHEA
- absence of menstrual flow.
Dysmenorrhea
- painful menstruation.
MENORRHAGIA
- excessive bleeding during menstruation.

▪ INFERTILITY
- inability to become pregnant or to carry a pregnan
cy to full term.

▪ CYST AND FIBROIDS (MYOMAS)

- noncancerous growth or tumor.
 DISORDERS OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
▪ PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE
CYSTOCELE – when the wall between the bladder and
the vagina weakens.
RECTOCELE - thinning and weakening of the band of
tissue that separates the vagina from the rectum.
ENTEROCELE - occurs when the small intestine moves
down and pushes at the top part of the vagina.
UTERINE PROLAPSE - uterus can sag out of position.
40 to 65 years.
DISORDERS OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 DISORDERS OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

▪ CANCER

CERVICAL – 30 to 50 years. old cause by HPV

(human papilloma virus).

ENDOMETRIAL - after menopause.

OVARIAN - 40 to 65 years.

BREAST – hereditary.
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

R
E PENIS - is the male organ used
P in sexual intercourse.
R S It has three parts:
O Y
ROOT which attaches to the
D S wall of the abdomen.
U T BODY OR SHAFT
GLANS
C E - which is the cone-shaped
T M part at the end of the penis.
- so called the head of the
I penis is covered with a loose
layer of skin called FORESKIN.
V
E
R
E SCROTUM
P - is the loose pouch-like sac
of skin that hangs behind and
R S below the penis.
O Y
- it contains the testicles (also
D S called TESTES), as well as
U T many nerves and blood vessels.

C E - It acts as a "climate control

T M system" for the testes.

I
V
E
R
E TESTICLES (TESTES)
➢ are oval organs about the
P size of large olives that lie in
the scrotum, secured at either
R S
end by a structure called the
O Y spermatic cord. for generating
sperm.
D S
U T ➢ It is responsible for making
testosterone, the primary
C E male sex hormone, and for
T M generating sperm

I ➢ Coiled masses of tubes

V called seminiferous tubules.
These tubes are responsible for
E producing sperm cells.
R
E ▪ EPIDIDYMIS
➢ is a long, coiled tube
P that rests on the backside of ea
R S ch testicle.

O Y ➢ It transports and stores

D S sperm cells that are
produced in the testes.
U T It also bring the sperm to
maturity
C E
T M ➢ It also bring the sperm to m
aturity
I
V ➢ During sexual arousal,
contractions force the
E sperm into the vas
deferens.
R
E VAS DEFERENS
P ➢ is a long, muscular
tube that travels from the
R S
epididymis into the pelvic
O Y cavity, to just behind the
D S bladder.
U T
➢ It transports mature
C E sperm to the urethra, the
T M tube that carries urine or
I sperm to outside of the
body, in preparation for
V ejaculation.
E
R
E EJACULATORY
P
R S
DUCTS
➢ These are formed
O Y
D S
by the fusion of
U T
the vas deferens
C E
and the seminal
T M Vesicles.
I
V ➢ The ejaculatory
E ducts empty into
the urethra.
R
E URETHRA
P ➢ Is the tube that carries
R S urine from the bladder
to outside of the body.
O Y
D S ➢ has a function of
U T ejaculating semen when
C E reaches orgasm.

T M ➢ When the penis is erect

I during sex, the flow of
V urine is blocked from the
urethra, allowing only
E
semen to be ejaculated at
orgasm.
R
E SEMINAL VESICLES
➢ Are sac-like pouches that
P attach to the vas deferens near
R S the base of the bladder.

O Y ➢ The seminal vesicles

D S produce a sugar-rich fluid
(fructose) that provides sperm
U T with a source of energy to help
them move.
C E
T M ➢ The fluid of the seminal
vesicles makes up most
I of the volume of a man's ejacul
V atory fluid, or ejaculate.
E
R
E PROSTATE GLAND
➢ is a walnut-sized structure
P that is located below the
R S urinary bladder in front of the
rectum.
O Y
D S ➢ The prostate gland
contributes additional fluid to
U T the ejaculate. Prostate fluids
also help to nourish the sperm.
C E
T M ➢ The urethra, which carries
the ejaculate to be expelled
I during orgasm, runs through
V the center of the prostate gland
.
E
R
E BULBOURETHRAL GL
P ANDS
➢ Also called COWPER’S
R S GLANDS, these are pea-sized
O Y structures located on the sides
of the urethra just below the
D S prostate gland.
U T
➢ These glands produce a
C E clear, slippery fluid that empties
directly into the urethra. This
T M fluid serves to lubricate the
I urethra and to neutralize any
acidity that may be present due
V to residual drops of urine in the
E urethra.
 FUNCTIONS of MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
▪ To produce, maintain, and transport
sperm and protective fluid (semen).

▪ To discharge sperm within the female

reproductive tract during sex.

▪ To produce and secrete male sex

hormones responsible for maintaining
the male reproductive system.
 DISORDERS OF MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
▪ IMPOTENCE
(ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION)
- Inability to achieve an erection long
enough to engage in sex

▪ CANCER
TESTICULAR - young to middle-age.
PROSTATE - older than 50 years.
PENILE - in the penis all ages.
 REFERENCES
Carter, P., (2016), Lippincott Textbook for Nursing Assistant:
A Humanistic Approach to Caregiving, 4th edition, Lippincot
t Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia

Williams, L S., Hopper, P. (2015) Understanding Medical-

Surgical Nursing, 5th edition. Philadelphia

https://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/guide/male-repro
ductive-system#1

https://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/guide/your-guide
-female-reproductive-system#1

https://www.carolina.com

https://www.livescience.com

www.nurseslab.com