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Raising a new Generation of Leaders

MAT121
FUNCTIONS continuation & Intro to Inverses

Dr. S.O. Edeki

 Composition of functions

. Let f ( x) & g ( x) be two functions. Then, the

composition of f ( x) & g ( x) is a new function
obtained by following a certain rule. Thus,
f g  ( x)  f g  f  g ( x)   f  g 
is obtained by taking g ( x) FIRST then f ( x).

S.O. Edeki
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 Ex5: Composition of functions

. (a) Let f  x   x +3 and g  x   2 x  1 , find:

2

(i) f g (ii) g f (iii) Is g f  f g ?

(b) Let f  x   2 x, m  x   x  1, and g  x   e ,

x

then find: (i) g f (ii) g f m

S.O. Edeki
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 0ne-to-0ne (1-1) functions {Injectivity}

. A function f  x   y for f : X  Y is said

to be 1-1 if elements in the domain are NOT
assigned to the SAME element in the range.
Mathematically, f  x  is 1-1 if:
f  x1   f  x2   x1  x2

S.O. Edeki
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A graph of One-One (1-1) function
.

S.O. Edeki
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 A graph of NOT One-One (1-1) function
.

S.O. Edeki
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Ex6: 0ne-to-0ne (1-1) functions {Injectivity}

. Determine if the following functions are 1-1:

(a)
(i) g  x   2 x  1 (ii) f  x   x  4
2

(iii) h  x   3 x  4 (iv) m  x   k , (a constant)

Note: *** Horizontal line test of injectivity
****: Domain restriction for injectivity

S.O. Edeki
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 Ex6: 0ne-to-0ne (1-1) functions {Injectivity}

(a) Determine if the following functions are 1-1:

.
(i) g  x   2 x  1 (ii) f  x   x  4
2

(iii) h  x   3 x  4 (iv) m  x   x  4
4

Note: *** Horizontal line test of injectivity

****: Domain restriction for injectivity

S.O. Edeki
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 0ne-to-0ne & onto functions {}
A function on the two sets X & Y as:
.
f : X  Y is said to be onto if x  X
 y Y s.t. f  x   y.

Note: for ONTO functions, ALL members

of set Y are used.

S.O. Edeki
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A graph of a One-One (1-1) BUT not an ONTO function

S.O. Edeki
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A graph of a NOT One-One (1-1) BUT an ONTO function

S.O. Edeki
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A graph of BOTH One-One (1-1) & ONTO function
{Bijective Functions}

S.O. Edeki
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 Ex: Pre-test (Inverse of a function)

. Find the inverse of the following functions:

(a) f ( x)  x (b) g( x)  2 x  2
x
(c) h( x)  1  (d) p( x)  x  4
2

S.O. Edeki
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 Inverse of a function
The inverse of a function f ( x)  y is
. 1
denoted as f ( x).
1
The steps to compute f ( x) are:
(a) Replace the function f ( x) by y,
(b) Make x the subject of the formula,
1
(c) Attach f (in the LHS) and y  x (RHS).
S.O. Edeki
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 Solutions to the Pre-test (Inverse of a function)

. Find the inverse of the following functions:

(a) f ( x)  x (b) g( x)  2 x  2
x
(c) h( x)  1  (d) p( x)  x  4
2

S.O. Edeki
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