CLPW REVIEWER Extensive Reading is an approach to language

learning, including foreign language learning, by

LESSON 1
BIOGRAPHY-A biography is an account of a
person's life, written by someone else.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY-An autobiography is an account
means of a large amount of reading. The
reader’s view and review of unfamiliar words in
a specific context will allow the reader to infer

of a person's life, written by that person. the word’s meaning, to learn unknown words.

Prose-is any type of writing in an ordinary

language without a rhyme scheme or formal LESSON 3

metrical structure.
Poetry-literary work in which special intensity is
given to the expression of feelings and ideas by
the use of distinctive style and rhythm; poems
collectively or as a genre of literature.
Drama is the portrayal of fictional or non-
fictional events through the performance of
written dialog (either prose or poetry). Dramas
can be performed on stage, on film, or the radio.
Dramas are typically called plays, and their
creators are known as “playwrights” or
“dramatists.”
LESSON 4
READING APPROACH-one of the methods in
Graphic novel uses the interplay of text and
teaching English. This approach is one way of
illustrations in a comic-strip format to tell a
solving students’ reading problems. Inferencing,
story. Instead of relying on just text to construct
guessing, and predicting are important skills
a narrative, it uses graphical elements such as
developed in reading.
panels, frames, speech/thought balloons, etc.
Skimming-the main idea of a text is quickly
There are five predominant types of graphic novels
identified. The goal is to read shorter texts to
•Fiction
extract accurate detailed information. Skimming
•Personal narrative or memoir
is done at a speed three to four times faster than
•Nonfiction
regular reading.
•Manga
Scanning-is quickly reading a text to get the
•Superhero stories
summary of it. It is a technique wherein students
search for keywords or ideas.
Flash fiction is imaginative literature of extreme
brevity.It is known as micro stories, postcard fiction,
nanotales and short shorts.
LESSON 5
ANECDOTE a short amusing or interesting story about
a real incident or person. Simple retelling of
something that happened.
FABLE moral or revealing general truths about human
nature.
PARABLE religious principle, moral lesson,
general truths.
Story paints a narrative journey with a
beginning, middle and end
LESSON 7
Multimedia is an essential avenue to transform
unique adaptations of a literary, thus making
learning outputs interesting and
productive.Electronic application
Digital storytelling interactive digital tools to tell
a story
Digital video is a primary component in
multimedia, especially those that appear online
and on television. The different formats of these
types of multimedia include WMI, AVI, MPED
and flash.
Animation is a form of art for most people,
especially those that are in the business of
producing animated movies.
Text most common among the types of
multimedia components in different
applications.
IMAGE Digital image files are needed to create
videos and animation.
JPG allow you to create smaller file size than you
could with a PNG
AUDIO Voiceovers comprise a tremendous
number of the types of multimedia components.
LESSON 8
The Basic Elements of a Short Story
SETTING The time and location in which a story
takes place is called the setting.
a) place – geographical location. Where is the
action of the story taking place?
b) time – When is the story taking place?
(historical period, time of day, year, etc)
c) weather conditions – Is it rainy, sunny,
stormy, etc?
d) social conditions – What is the daily life of
the characters like? Does the story contain local
colour (writing that focuses on the speech, dress,
mannerisms, customs, etc. of a particular place)?
e) mood or atmosphere – What feeling is
created at the beginning of the story? Is it bright
and cheerful or dark and frightening?
PLOT how the author arranges events to develop
his basic idea; It is the sequence of events in a
story or play. The plot is a planned, logical
series of events having a beginning, middle, and
end.
Short story usually has one plot so it can be read
in one sitting.
Five essential parts of plot
a) Introduction – The beginning of the story
where the characters and the setting is revealed.
b) Rising Action – This is where the events in
the story become complicated and the conflict in
the story is revealed (events between the
introduction and climax).
c) Climax– This is the highest point of interest
and the turning point of the story.
d) Falling action – The events and
complications begin to resolve themselves. The
reader knows what has happened next and if the
conflict was resolved or not (events between
climax and denouement).
e) Denouement – This is the final outcome or
untangling of events in the story.
Conflict is essential to plot. It is the opposition
of forces which ties one incident to another and
makes the plot move.
External – A struggle with a force outside one’s
self.
Internal – A struggle within one’s self; a person
must make some decision, overcome pain, quiet
their temper, resist an urge, etc.
Man vs. Man (physical) – The leading
character struggles with his physical strength
against other men, forces of nature, or animals.
Man vs. Circumstances (classical) – The
leading character struggles against fate, or the
circumstances of life facing him/her.
Man vs. Society (social) – The leading
character struggles against ideas, practices, or
customs of other people.
Man vs. Himself/Herself (psychological) – The
leading character struggles with himself/herself;
with his/her own soul, ideas of right or wrong,
physical limitations, choices, etC
PROTAGONIST clearly central to the story with all
major events having some importance to this
character
ANTAGONIST The opposer of the main character
Characters are convincing if they are:
consistent, motivated, and life-like (resemble
real people)
•Individual – round, many sided and complex
personalities.
• Developing – dynamic, many sided
personalities that change, for better or worse, by
the end of the story.
• Static – Stereotype, have one or two
characteristics that never change and are
emphasized e.g. brilliant detective, drunk,
scrooge, cruel stepmother, etc.
Theme controlling idea or its central insight. It is
the author’s underlying meaning or main idea
that he is trying to convey.
LESSON 9
Pre-colonial literature is the literature of a
formative past by the various groups of people
who inhabited the archipelago
Riddles (Bugtong)- which means the battle of
wits among participants.
Proverb (Salawikain)- a phrase that gives advice
and effectively embodies a commonplace truth
based on practical experience or common sense.
Folk Songs- a traditional or composed song
typically characterized by stanzaic form,
refrain,and simplicity of melody.
Chants (Bulong)- used in witchcraft and/or
enchantment. Chant may be considered speech,
music, or a heightened or stylized form of
speech.
Epic-a long poem, typically one derived from
ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and
adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the
history of a nation.
Legend-is a genre of folklore that consists of a
narrative featuring human actions perceived or
believed both by teller and listeners to have
taken place within human history.
Religious Literature
a. Pasyon- long narrative poem about the
passion and death of Jesus Christ.
b. Senakulo- it is the dramatization of the
Pasyon.
Secular (non-religious) Literature
a. Awit- colorful tales of chivalry made for
singing and chanting. 12 pantig mabagal
b. Korido- a popular narrative song and poetry
that forms a ballad. The songs are often about
oppression, history, daily life for peasants, and
other socially relevant topics. 8 pantig mabilis
c. Prose Narratives- this form describes
important events in life either real or imaginary.
1. Haiku- is a three-line poem with seventeen
syllables, written in a 5,7,5 syllable count. Often
focusing on images from nature, haiku
emphasizes simplicity, intensity, and directness
of expression.
2. Tanaga (Maikling Tula)- is a Filipino style
of poetry with four-line stanzas with the syllable
count of 7-7-7-7, and a rhyme scheme of AABB.
It expresses insights and life lessons.
3. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)- the usual
and common form of poetry.
Notable writers and their works:
LESSON 10
POETRY It is a type of literature written in not so
ordinary words that usually follows a set of rules
like rhyme and meter.Poetry has been derived
from the Greek word “poiesis,” which means
“making.”
Poetry Terms
•Speaker is the voice in the poem that talks to
the reader. It refers to itself as “I” or “me” or,
sometimes in the third person like he, she, his or
her.
•Senses and images are words or word phrased
used by the writer to create an image that the
reader can see through his senses.
•Diction is an important element in Filipino

1. Manuel Arguilla – “How my Brother Leon poetry. It is the denotative and connotative
Brought Home a Wife? meaning of word in a sentence, phrase,
2. Aurelio Tolentino- “Kahapon, Ngayon at paragraph, or poem.
Bukas”
3. Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero- “Wanted: A Denotative gives us the literal or dictionary
Chaperon” meaning of word
4. Jose Garcia Villa – “First, Poem must be Connotative gives us the words meaning
magical” and “Footnote to youth”
through word association to another word.
5. Alejandro Roces- “Poems 55” and “My
Brothers Peculiar Chicken” •Theme refers to the meaning of the poem. It is
6. Edith Tiempo- “The Charmer’s Box”; the overall message of the poem that may be
“Bonsai”; “A blade of Fern”; and “His Native
stated directly or indirectly.
Coat”
7. Francisco Arcellana- “The Man Who Could
Be Poe”; “Death In a factory”; and “The Other
Woman”
8. F. Sionil Jose- “The pretenders”; “My
brother”;“My executioner”; and “Po-On”
9. Cirilo Bautista- “The trilogy of Saint LESSON 11
Lazarus” and “Galaw ng Asoge”
Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant
10. Nick Joaquin- “The Sorrows of
Vaudeville”; “The woman who had two navels”; sounds on the same line or stanza.
and “Summer Solstice”
Repetition is the repetition of entire lines or
phrases to emphasize key thematic ideas.

Onomatopoeia are words that sound like that

which they describe.

Simile is the rhetorical term used to designate

the most elementary form of resemblances, most
similes are introduced by the use of “like” or
“as.”

Metaphor are words that implies a direct

comparison between objects or situations
without the use of like or as.

Personification is giving or treating inanimate

objects as human, by giving them human
attributes like powers, or feelings.