Part8 PDF

Table of Contents
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
ROAD AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
November 1998
PART EIGHT
LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION

Table of Contents
PART EIGHT: LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 8.01 LANDSCAPING ................................................................................. 1

8.01.1 SCOPE AND REQUIREMENTS................................................................. 1
8.01.1.1 Description........................................................................................... 1
8.01.1.2 Submittals ............................................................................................ 1
8.01.1.3 Rubbish ............................................................................................... 2
8.01.1.4 Oil and Petrol Storage ......................................................................... 2
8.01.1.5 Approved Chemicals ........................................................................... 2
8.01.1.6 Season ................................................................................................ 2
8.01.1.7 Work by Machine or by Hand .............................................................. 2
8.01.1.8 Existing Plants ..................................................................................... 2
8.01.1.9 Storage ................................................................................................ 2
8.01.2 SOFT LANDSCAPE: MATERIALS ............................................................ 3
8.01.2.1 Agricultural Soil.................................................................................... 3
8.01.2.1.1 Composition ................................................................................ 3
8.01.2.1.2 Soil Analysis ................................................................................ 4
8.01.2.1.3 Storage........................................................................................ 4
8.01.2.1.4 Peat Humus ................................................................................ 4
8.01.2.1.5 Fertilizers..................................................................................... 5
8.01.2.2 Planting Medium ................................................................................... 5
8.01.2.3 Plants.................................................................................................... 5
8.01.2.3.1 General Conditions ..................................................................... 5
8.01.2.3.2 Substitutes .................................................................................. 5
8.01.2.3.3 Nomenclature .............................................................................. 5
8.01.2.3.4 Range of Sizes ............................................................................ 6
8.01.2.3.5 Planting Stock ............................................................................. 6
8.01.2.4 Stakes................................................................................................... 7
8.01.2.4.1 Stakes For Trees ......................................................................... 7
8.01.2.4.2 Stakes For Palms ........................................................................ 7
8.01.2.5 Irrigation Water .................................................................................... 8
8.01.2.6 Hydroseeding Materials ....................................................................... 8
8.01.2.6.1 Soil Stabilizer ......................................................................... 8
8.01.2.6.2 Super Absorbent Humectant.................................................. 9
8.01.3 SOFT LANDSCAPE: WORKMANSHIP ..................................................... 9
8.01.3.1 Soil Grading and Preparation .............................................................. 9
8.01.3.2 Drainage .............................................................................................. 9
8.01.3.3 Planting Sequence .............................................................................. 9
8.01.3.4 Tree Planting Medium ....................................................................... 10
8.01.3.5 Planting Trees ................................................................................... 10
8.01.3.6 Supporting Trees ............................................................................... 11
8.01.3.7 Planting Palms................................................................................... 11
8.01.3.8 Supporting Palms .............................................................................. 11
8.01.3.9 Shrub, Ground Cover and Creeper Planting Medium ........................ 11
8.01.3.10 Planting Shrubs, Ground Cover and Creepers ................................ 11
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8.01.3.11 Climber Mesh Embankments & Interchanges ................................. 12

8.01.3.12 Pruning ............................................................................................ 12
8.01.3.13 Mulch ............................................................................................... 12
8.01.3.14 Watering .......................................................................................... 12
8.01.3.15 Protection ........................................................................................ 12
8.01.3.16 Preparation and Maintenance of Grass Areas................................. 13
8.01.3.17 Grass Seeding ................................................................................. 13
8.01.3.18 Hydroseeding .................................................................................. 13
8.01.3.18.1 General ................................................................................... 13
8.01.3.18.2 Quality of Work ........................................................................ 13
8.01.3.18.3 Inspection of Conditions .......................................................... 13
8.01.3.18.4 Soil Stabilization and Hydroseeding Materials ........................ 14
8.01.3.18.5 Hydroseeding Equipment ........................................................ 14
8.01.3.18.6 Hydroseeding Installation and Planting Schedule ................... 15
8.01.3.19 Sod .................................................................................................. 16
8.01.4 COMPLETION AND MAINTENANCE ...................................................... 17
8.01.4.1 After Planting ..................................................................................... 17
8.01.4.2 Cleanliness ........................................................................................ 17
8.01.4.3 Maintenance Period........................................................................... 17
8.01.4.4 Maintenance Program ....................................................................... 17
8.01.4.5 Watering ............................................................................................ 17
8.01.4.6 Weed Control and Debris Removal ................................................... 18
8.01.4.7 Pruning .............................................................................................. 18
8.01.4.8 Fertilizing ........................................................................................... 18
8.01.4.9 Plant Replacement ............................................................................ 18
8.01.4.10 Pest and Disease Control ................................................................ 19
8.01.4.11 Tree Stakes ..................................................................................... 19
8.01.4.12 Burlap Wrapping .............................................................................. 19
8.01.4.13 Grass Area Maintenance ................................................................. 19
8.01.5 GENERAL INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS ........... 20
8.01.5.1 Defects .............................................................................................. 20
8.01.5.2 Manufacturer's Recommendations .................................................... 20
8.01.5.3 Storage .............................................................................................. 20
8.01.5.4 Planting Time..................................................................................... 20
8.01.5.5 Weather Conditions ........................................................................... 20
8.01.5.6 Planting Outside Specified Conditions .............................................. 21
8.01.5.7 Notice ................................................................................................ 21
8.01.5.8 Meaning of Drawings ......................................................................... 21
8.01.5.9 Planting Designs................................................................................ 21
8.01.5.10 "As Planted" Record ........................................................................ 21
8.01.6 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT ............................................................... 21
8.01.7 PAYMENT ................................................................................................ 21
SECTION 8.02 IRRIGATION .................................................................................... 24

8.02.1 SCOPE AND REQUIREMENTS............................................................... 24
8.02.1.1 Scope ................................................................................................ 24
8.02.1.2 Abbreviations ..................................................................................... 24
8.02.1.3 Shop Drawings and Approval of Equipment ...................................... 25
Table of Contents
8.02.1.4 Record Drawings ............................................................................... 25

8.02.1.5 Maintenance and Operation .............................................................. 26
8.02.1.5.1 General ..................................................................................... 26
8.01.1.5.2 Works ........................................................................................ 26
8.02.1.6 Operation and Maintenance Literature .............................................. 27
8.02.2 PIPING AND APPURTENANCES ............................................................ 27
8.02.2.1 Scope ................................................................................................ 27
8.02.2.2 Special Requirements ....................................................................... 27
8.02.2.2.1 Manufacturer's Certificate ......................................................... 27
8.02.2.2.2 Marking ..................................................................................... 28
8.02.2.2.3 Retests ...................................................................................... 28
8.02.2.3 Handling ............................................................................................ 28
8.02.2.4 Pipes, Fittings and Accessories ......................................................... 29
8.02.2.4.1 Ductile Iron Pressure Pipes ....................................................... 29
8.02.2.4.2 Unplasticised PVC Pressure Pipes ........................................... 29
8.02.2.4.3 Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipes ............................................. 29
8.02.2.4.4 Steel Tubes and Tubulars ......................................................... 30
8.02.2.4.5 Flexible Pipe Couplings ............................................................. 30
8.02.2.4.6 Flanged Adaptors ...................................................................... 30
8.02.2.4.7 Jointing Materials ...................................................................... 30
8.02.2.4.8 Field Testing.............................................................................. 31
8.02.2.4.9 PVC Ducts................................................................................. 32
8.02.2.5 Valves ................................................................................................ 33
8.02.2.5.1 General ..................................................................................... 33
8.02.2.5.2 Gate Valves............................................................................... 34
8.02.2.5.3 Butterfly Valves ......................................................................... 34
8.02.2.5.4 Globe Valves ............................................................................. 34
8.02.2.5.5 Silent Check Valves .................................................................. 34
8.02.2.5.6 Remote Control Valves (RCV) .................................................. 35
8.02.2.5.7 Pressure Reducing Valves ........................................................ 35
8.02.2.5.8 Remote Controlled Pressure Reducing Valves (RCPRV) ......... 36
8.02.2.5.9 Pressure Relief Check Valves (Pump Control Valves) .............. 36
8.02.2.5.10 Air Valves ............................................................................... 37
8.02.2.5.11 Penstocks................................................................................ 37
8.02.2.5.12 Jointing Materials .................................................................... 38
8.02.2.5.13 GRP Valve Boxes ................................................................... 38
8.02.2.5.14 Plastic Valve Boxes ................................................................. 38
8.02.2.5.15 Valve Accessories ................................................................... 38
8.02.2.5.16 Workmanship .......................................................................... 39
8.02.2.5.17 Installation ............................................................................... 40
8.02.2.5.18 Field Protection ....................................................................... 40
8.02.2.6 Irrigators ............................................................................................ 41
8.02.2.6.1 Irrigation Program Controllers ................................................... 41
8.02.2.6.2 Spray Heads (for spray and stream spray) ............................... 41
8.02.2.6.3 Bubblers .................................................................................... 42
8.02.2.6.4 Hose Bibs .................................................................................. 42
8.02.2.6.5 Drip Emitters and Tubing........................................................... 42
8.02.2.6.6 Polyethylene Tubing and Fittings .............................................. 42
Table of Contents
8.02.2.6.7 Emitters ..................................................................................... 43

8.02.2.7 Construction Requirements ................................................................ 43
8.02.2.7.1 Earthworks ................................................................................ 43
8.02.2.7.2 Pipe Laying and Jointing ........................................................... 47
8.02.3 MECHANICAL PLANT.............................................................................. 49
8.02.3.1 Scope ................................................................................................ 49
8.02.3.2 Labels, Tags and Charts ................................................................... 50
8.02.3.3 Workmanship Generally .................................................................... 50
8.02.3.4 Equipment and Materials Generally................................................... 51
8.02.3.5 Spares ............................................................................................... 52
8.02.3.6 Pumping Units ................................................................................... 52
8.02.3.6.1 General ..................................................................................... 52
8.02.3.6.2 Split Case Horizontal Pumping Unit .......................................... 54
8.02.3.6.3 Submersible Pumping Unit ........................................................ 56
8.02.3.6.4 End Suction Centrifugal Pump .................................................. 57
8.02.3.6.5 Motor Control Panel .................................................................. 57
8.02.3.7 Pressure Switches ............................................................................. 59
8.02.3.8 Water Level Controls ......................................................................... 59
8.02.3.9 Electromagnet Flowmeters ................................................................ 60
8.02.3.10 Pressure Gauges............................................................................. 60
8.02.3.11 Strainers .......................................................................................... 60
8.02.3.12 Electrical Indicators and Integrators ................................................ 60
8.02.3.13 Fertilizer Injector Equipment ............................................................ 61
8.02.3.14 Axial In-Line Exhaust Fans .............................................................. 61
8.02.3.15 Roof Cowls ...................................................................................... 61
8.02.3.16 Flexible Connectors ......................................................................... 61
38.02.3.17 Filters ..................................................................................................... 62
8.02.4 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS............................................................... 62
8.02.4.1 Scope ................................................................................................ 62
8.02.4.2 Technical Requirements .................................................................... 63
8.02.4.2.1 General ..................................................................................... 63
8.02.4.2.2 Regulations and Standards ....................................................... 63
8.02.4.3 Pumping Station Installation .............................................................. 63
8.02.4.4 Irrigation Control ................................................................................ 64
8.02.5 METALWORK, PAINT AND PAINTING AND WATER RETAINING
STRUCTURES ....................................................................................... 65
8.02.5.1 Metalwork .......................................................................................... 65
8.02.5.1.1 General ..................................................................................... 65
8.02.5.1.2 Ladders and Safety Cages ........................................................ 65
8.02.5.1.3 Pipe Supports............................................................................ 65
8.02.5.2 Paint and Painting ............................................................................. 66
8.02.5.3 Excavation ......................................................................................... 66
8.02.5.4 Concrete ............................................................................................ 66
8.02.5.5 Reinforcement ................................................................................... 66
8.02.5.6 Bituminous Primer to Buried Surfaces ............................................... 66
8.02.6 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT ............................................................... 66
8.02.7 PAYMENT ................................................................................................ 67
Table of Contents
APPENDIX 1 - COMMON NAMES AND SPECIES OF THE MOST POPULAR

PLANTS WIDELY PLANTED IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA............... 73
APPENDIX 2 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE OF IRRIGATION

AND LANDSCAPING........................................................................................... 75
MOC General Specifications - November 1998
Table of Contents
PART EIGHT: LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION
SECTION 8.01 LANDSCAPING
8.01.1 SCOPE AND REQUIREMENTS
8.01.1.1 Description. The works shall consist of furnishing and planting palms,
trees, shrubs, creepers, succulents, grass, sod, ground cover and other plants. It shall
also include excavation for planted areas and provision of agricultural soil, preparing
and finishing planting bed. The work shall also include maintenance and other
incidental planting procedure work, all as necessary to complete the planting operations
in a workmanlike manner, according to the provisions of this Specification and in
conformity with the lines shown on the Drawings or established by the Engineer.
ITEMS IN BILL OF QUANTITIES

Trees
Palms
Shrubs
Creepers
Ground Cover
Succulents
Climbing Plant
Grass
Hydroseeding Mixes
Gravel Mulch
Precast Concrete Tiling
Sod
8.01.1.2 Submittals. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer information and
certificates for materials to be used for this Contract. Such submittals shall include, but
not be limited to, the following:
1. Manufacturer's certified analysis of all standard products, including fertilizers.
2. Certificates confirming the origin, size and age of all plant materials.
3. Health certificates for all imported plant material.
4. A laboratory analysis of agricultural soil mix, having the characteristics indicated

in Paragraph 8.01.2.1 “Agricultural Soil” in these General Specifications with
additives such as pH adjusters, fertilizers and other soil amendments.
5. Landscape construction schedules indicating mobilization, equipment, personnel,

preparatory work and planting schedules.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of all items purchased and shall
submit a Supplier Quality inspection plan for review. The inspection plan shall cover
those items intended for shop inspection and the procedures for carrying out the same.
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8.01.1.3 Rubbish. All rubbish and litter as it accumulates within the landscape
boundary, shall be cleared and carted away daily. The areas shall be kept in a clean
and tidy condition with all driveways, paths, edges, curbs, gutters, and gullies swept
and kept clear of debris at all times. All rubbish and debris shall be carted away to a
dump as directed by the Engineer.
8.01.1.4 Oil and Petrol Storage. All oil and petrol containers are to be kept in
suitable sheds provided by the Contractor, who is to observe all regulations regarding
the storage of inflammable liquid. If any areas of soil are affected by oil or petrol
spillage, the contaminated soil is to be dug up until uncontaminated ground is reached,
and carted away and such areas made good as directed by the Engineer, all at the
Contractor's expense.
8.01.1.5 Approved Chemicals. Only chemicals approved by the Ministry of

Agriculture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will be used. All chemicals shall be non-
toxic to human beings, birds and animals and subject to the approval of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall be liable for ensuring that all chemicals are stored, handled and
supplied strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
8.01.1.6 Season. All work shall be carried out during the appropriate season and
in weather conditions suitable for the operation. In particular, planting shall not be
carried out before October or after March without the specific approval of the Engineer.
8.01.1.7 Work by Machine or by Hand. All operations may be executed by

suitable approved machines or by hand. Any work in confined spaces, around existing
trees or in the vicinity of major utility services must be executed by hand and the
Contractor shall include for this in his rates.
8.01.1.8 Existing Plants. No existing trees, shrubs or other plants shall be

removed without instructions from the Engineer. The Contractor shall take all measures
to protect all plants from malicious or accidental damage during the execution of his
work. He shall ensure that no branches are lopped and no tree roots exceeding fifty
(50) millimeters in diameter are severed from growing trees except for pruning and
training operations approved by the Engineer.
No soil, spoil, construction material or rubbish shall be stored, or deposited within

three (3) meters of existing trees, shrubs or hedges. No bonfires shall be lit within the
landscape contract boundaries.
Any damage that may be incurred shall be made good by the Contractor at his own
expense.
8.01.1.9 Storage. All materials to be used in the landscape contract and stored at
the Contractor's yard shall be kept covered and protected. In particular any plants held
for planting shall be kept in a special compound, sheltered from the direct sun and
drying winds and watered regularly.
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8.01.2 SOFT LANDSCAPE: MATERIALS
8.01.2.1 Agricultural Soil.
8.01.2.1.1 Composition.
Agricultural soil shall be approved imported agricultural soil obtained from local
sources and defined as follows:
PH: 6.0 - 8.0 saturated soil
Electro-Conductivity: Less than 4 mmhos/cm saturation extract

(EC x 103) at twenty-five degrees Celsius (25o C.)
Free Carbonates: Less than 0.5 percent air-dried soil
Chlorides: Less than 200 ppm in saturation extract
Sulphates: Less than 200 ppm in saturation extract
Nitrates Less than 75 ppm in saturation extract.
Phosphorus 10-25 ppm in 1.5 ammonium nitrate

extract: 0.5 hour shake.
Potassium 100-400 ppm in 1.5 ammonium nitrate

Magnesium 25-100 ppm in 1.5 ammonium nitrate

Exchangeable Sodium: Less than fifteen percent (15%) in neutral

normal ammonium acetate
Boron: Less than 1.5 ppm, hot water soluble
Physical Characteristics: Sandy loam made up as follows:

Sand 2 mm - 0.05 mm: 45-65%
Silt 0.05 - 0.002 mm: 20-40%
Clay less than 0.002 mm: 5-15%
In case naturally occurring agricultural soil to the above physical characteristics

is not available, the Contractor is allowed to mix soil constituents to achieve the above
required characteristics.
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8.01.2.1.2 Soil Analysis.
The Contractor shall arrange for an approved independent analyst to prepare a

physical and chemical analysis of the proposed imported agricultural soil and irrigation
water together with recommendations and report on fertilizer adjustments to the rates
specified.
Soil samples shall be taken as follows:
Upon identification of every source of soil, representative samples of soils shall be

analyzed as detailed below and results submitted to the Engineer for approval before
any of the soil has been used.
Following this, further representative soil samples shall be taken at the rate of one
(1) in every twenty (20) loads or as may be otherwise directed by the Engineer,
analyzed and the results compared with those from the original sample (so as to ensure
consistency and compatibility of supply).
The tests shall be:
- Total salts (EC of soil solution)

- Soil pH
- Exchangeable sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium
- Available phosphates
- Organic matter as a percentage
- Available zinc, manganese, iron, boron
- Total sulphates.
8.01.2.1.3 Storage.
Agricultural soil shall be stored in heaps less than one (1) meter height. Soil
heaps shall be protected from undue compaction and no construction material or waste
shall be stored on or mixed in with the soil.
Approval shall be obtained of a sample load of agricultural soil of not less than five
(5) cubic meters (5m3). This sample shall be retained for comparison with subsequent
loads.
8.01.2.1.4 Peat Humus.
Peat Humus shall be natural peat consisting of sedge, sphagnum or reed peat and
of such a physical condition that it will pass through a twelve (12) millimeter screen.
The humus shall be free from sticks, stones, roots or other objectionable matter. It shall
have an acidity range from pH four (4) to seven and one-half (7.5) and the minimum
organic content shall be eighty-five percent (85%) on a dry weight basis. Peat humus
shall be delivered in undamaged commercial bales in an air-dry condition.
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8.01.2.1.5 Fertilizers.
Inorganic fertilizers shall be applied to the irrigation water by the fertilizer injection
equipment. Fertilizers shall be approved soluble NPK fertilizers in the ratio
twenty:twenty:twenty (20:20:20) applied at a dilution rate of one (1) kilogram of fertilizer
to one thousand (1000) liters of water.
Alternative dilutions of soluble fertilizer or other fertilizer types and composition

may be used subject to the approval of the Engineer.
8.01.2.2 Planting Medium. The planting medium shall consist of agricultural soil
plus soil fertilizers as specified, and shall be placed in accordance with the tree and
shrub planting Special Specifications.
8.01.2.3 Plants.
8.01.2.3.1 General Conditions.
Ground covers and vines, planting stock and trees shall be obtained from a source
with soil and climatic conditions similar to those prevailing on the site. All species shall
be adequately and carefully packed and protected against mechanical damage,
extremes of temperature and drying out. If required by the Engineer a certificate stating
that plants comply with this specification shall be provided.
8.01.2.3.2 Substitutes.
The tender must be based on the plants specified in the Contract Documents. If
specified plants are unobtainable, alternatives may be submitted with the Tender,
stating price and how they differ from the Specification. Such substitutions may not be
acceptable and submission of further alternatives may be required. Before making
substitution, approval must be obtained.
8.01.2.3.3 Nomenclature.
Nomenclature of trees and plants shall conform the scientific names given in:
I. Royal Horticultural Society, Dictionary of Gardening, Oxford University Press

1974, and Supplement, 1969.
2. I.B.N. - International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants.
3. Post, George E., Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai, American University of
Beirut, 1932.
Alternatives names can be checked in these references. All plants must agree
with the botanical descriptions in these references. Post is the authority only for plants
which are not listed in the RHS Dictionary or I.B.N. Code.
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Appendix "1" attached shows the names of the most popular trees, shrubs, ground
covers and succulents widely planted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
8.01.2.3.4 Range of Sizes.
No plant shall be less than minimum size, as specified herein after and at least
fifty percent (50%) of the plants are to be as large as the upper half of the specified
range. Measurements specified are minimum sizes acceptable after pruning (where
pruning is required). Plants that meet measurements specified but do not possess
normal balance between height and spread will not be acceptable.
8.01.2.3.5 Planting Stock.
All planting stock shall be well-branched and well-formed, sound, vigorous, healthy
and free from disease, sunscald, abrasion and harmful insects or insect eggs and with
a healthy and unbroken root system. Trees shall be symmetrically developed, their
structure and habit of growth typical of the species or variety with straight stems free
from objectionable disfigurements.
Plants delivered to the Work shall be either balled and burlapped or container
stock. Bare rooted stock will not be permitted. Plant roots shall not be allowed to dry
out during transport, storage, or transplanting, and the ball of earth surrounding the
roots shall be kept wet at all times. Any plant that has a damaged root ball or is dry or
in a wilted condition, as determined by the Engineer, when delivered to the Work, shall
be rejected and shall be replaced by the Contractor at his own expense. Each plant
shall be handled and packed in the approved manner for that species or variety, and
all necessary precautions shall be taken to ensure that the plants will arrive at the Work
in proper condition for successful growth. Root condition of plants furnished by the
Contractor shall be determined by removing the earth from around the roots of not less
than two (2) plants nor more than two percent (2%) of the total number of plants of each
species or variety. If the sample plants inspected are found to be defective, the
Engineer may reject the entire supply of plants represented by the sample plants.
Sample plants deemed unsuitable for use in the Work due to the inspection shall be
replaced by the Contractor at his own expense.
Trees shall be of a minimum height of one and one-half (1.5) meters above
planting level, stem diameter shall be two (2) centimeters minimum and branches shall
be at least twenty-five (25) centimeters. Where trees of the specified species are
unavailable, and subject to the submission of evidence to that effect, the Contractor
may, with the Engineer's approval, substitute alternative species trees of one and one-
half (1.5) meters minimum height.
Palms shall be balled and burlapped unless container grown plants are available.
Offshoots will not be accepted. The height of the palm shall be not less than one (1)
meter from planting level to the base of the growing tip. Palms of one (1) to one and
one-half (1.5) meters height shall have a root-ball diameter of seven hundred fifty (750)
to nine hundred (900) for two (2) to three (3) meters height, the root-ball diameter shall
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be one and one-half (1.5) to two (2) meters. Ninety percent (90%) of the palms shall
be females.
Shrubs shall have a minimum height of five hundred (500) millimeters. Where
shrubs of this size are not available, and subject to the submission of evidence to that
effect, the Contractor may be allowed, with the approval of the Engineer, to use other
substitutes of the same size. The shrubs are to be of good form, and their structure
and habit of growth typical of species or variety.
Ground cover species shall be well rooted, and of not less than one (1) year's full
growth and a minimum length of four hundred (400) millimeters.
Climbing plants shall have a minimum length of seven hundred fifty (750)
millimeters. The growth shall be symmetrical and balanced. They should have been
grown in one (1) kilogram containers and shall be of at least one (1) year's growth.
Grass seed shall comprise of the following mixture of species:
Cydomon dactylon: Fifty percent (50%)
Roa annua: Fifty percent (50%)
Before delivery to site, all plants shall be dipped in anti-desiccant.
8.01.2.4 Stakes
8.01.2.4.1 Stakes For Trees.
All stakes shall be of timber, straight, free of projections and pointed at one end.
The lower ends shall be coated with a non-injurious wood preservative, to a minimum
height of one hundred fifty (150) millimeters above ground level, to be applied at least
two (2) weeks before use. Stakes shall be fifty (50) millimeters thick, the length below
ground to be one thousand three hundred (1300) millimeters and the length above to
be for full height of clear stem or half full height of feathered species.
Alternatively, tree stakes shall be mild steel tubes protected by a PVC coating in
mid-green or similar approved color. The top and bottom of the steel tube shall be
sealed with plastic caps. The external covering shall have horizontal ridges at regular
intervals to facilitate the fixing of tree ties. The steel tube shall have a diameter of thirty-
five (35) millimeters and a length of two thousand five hundred (2500) millimeters. Tree
ties shall be patent plastic ones appropriate to the steel stake.
8.01.2.4.2 Stakes For Palms.
Stakes for palms shall be rough sawn timber, free from knots, rot, cross-grain or
other defects that would impair strength. The size shall be fifty (50) by one hundred
(100) by two hundred (200) millimeters minimum, depending upon palm size.
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Alternatively, palm trees shall be stabilized with three (3) No. galvanized steel
seven (7) strand wire ropes of ten (10) gauge, set out at one hundred twenty degrees
(120o) round the stem. The wire shall be looped around the palm stem and protected
by a neoprene tube. The wires shall be connected via a galvanized steel turnbuckle
to an eight (8) millimeter diameter reinforcing road ground anchor. The ground anchor
shall be one thousand (1000) meters long and shall be given in flush to the ground.
The rods shall be at forty-five degrees (45o) to the ground surface.
8.01.2.5 Irrigation Water. Water shall be provided by the Contractor from off-site
sources approved by the Engineer as being suitable for irrigation, free from substances
harmful to plant life. Water sources shall not exceed the following parameters:
pH: 6.7
Total dissolved solids: less than 1000 parts per million (ppm)
The Contractor shall supply certified laboratory water quality test reports from an
independent testing laboratory approved by the Engineer. These water quality test
reports shall show evidence that the water to be utilized meets with the water quality
criteria established above. Water quality reports shall be submitted:
- Two (2) weeks prior to the beginning of the first watering/irrigation operations
- Once per month throughout the maintenance period.
8.01.2.6 Hydroseeding Materials.
8.01.2.6.1 Soil Stabilizer. Products of the following composition are acceptable:
1. Stabilization material consisting of natural petroleum resin, wetting agents,

water and sequestering agents not subject to breakdown.
The stabilization material shall be a free flowing, stable emulsion to the extent that
the diluted emulsion shall not break down when stored in clean, closed containers
at temperatures zero to eighty degrees Celsius (0 o to 80o C.), for a minimum of three
(3) months.
2. Product conforming to Table 4.01-5, Grade CSS-1 for Cationic Emulsified

Asphalt in Section 4.01 "Bituminous Materials" in these General Specifications.
3. Product conforming to Table 4.01-5, Grade CMS-2 for Cationic Emulsified

Asphalt in Section 4.01 "Bituminous Materials" in these General Specifications.
4. Product shall be non-toxic to plants, animals, humans and soil organisms and
shall not be injurious to clothing. It shall positively immobilize sand to such an extent
that it will not be disturbed by normal wind action from prevailing directions.
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The material as purchased shall carry a warranty that if applied in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions it will provide effective stabilization for a period of one
year after application.
Color of the chemical agents shall be as selected by the Engineer. Type of

pigment shall be as recommended by the manufacturer of the chemical agent and
mixed according to its instruction.
8.01.2.6.2 Super Absorbent Humectant. Super absorbent humectant shall be

a hydrolyzed starch copolymer absorbent that swells into a clear gel capable of
absorbing hundreds of times its weight in water.
8.01.3 SOFT LANDSCAPE: WORKMANSHIP
8.01.3.1 Soil Grading and Preparation. Subsoil shall be excavated to achieve

tolerances specified for finished level of soil, and when reasonably dry and workable,
graded to smooth flowing contours with all minor hollows and ridges removed. Non-
cohesive, light subsoils shall be loosened with a three (3)-tine ripper, three hundred
(300) millimeters deep at six hundred (600) millimeter centers; stiff clays and other
cohesive subsoils shall be treated with herbicide, and the period of time recommended
by the manufacturer shall be allowed to elapse before grading.
Finished ground levels shall be thirty (30) millimeters below adjoining paving or curbs
after settlement except for any median strip where New Jersey Barriers are specified.
Here, the finished level shall be one hundred (100) millimeters below the top of the
New Jersey Barrier after settlement.
Between Concrete Crashworthy Safety Barriers (New Jersey Barriers) in the central
median the areas shall be brought up to finished levels by spreading agricultural soils
approximately four hundred fifty (450) millimeters deep that are reasonably dry and
workable. The agricultural soil shall be graded to remove all hollows and ridges. In the
outer separators and interchanges the Contractor shall excavate the planted areas to
a depth of four hundred fifty (450) millimeters and backfill the excavated areas with
agricultural soil.
Any rock projections and/or boulders should be removed off site to dump areas.
8.01.3.2 Drainage. The Contractor shall ensure that all planting positions are well
drained.
8.01.3.3 Planting Sequence.
I. Grade soil as specified.
2. Stake out the outline of soft landscaping areas for approval by the Engineer.
3. For shrub, ground cover or creeper, excavate the planting pits to forty-five
hundredths (0.45) meters depth. Excavated material shall be removed from the Site.
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4. For trees, palms, shrubs, and ground covers. Dig the planting pit to the sizes
specified. Excavated material shall be removed from the Site.
5. Ensure that the irrigation system is functioning properly.
6. Backfill planting pits with planting medium.
7. Preirrigate and ensure that the excess water can drain away.
8. Position the plant at the approved locations and fill around it with planting medium
as specified.
9. Where specified, tie plant to stakes.
10. Check all plants one (1) week after planting for signs of wind shake and
loosening due to soil subsidence. Firm and make good as necessary. Then similarly
check all plants at a maximum of monthly intervals until the end of the defects liability
period.
11. Remove wrapping from the buds of palm trees.
8.01.3.4 Tree Planting Medium. Planting medium for tree pits shall consist of
approved agricultural soil as specified well mixed with fertilizers at the rate of two-tenths
(0.2) kilograms P205, two-tenths (0.2) kilograms K2O, two-tenths (0.2) kilograms N and
five (5) kilograms of fermented animal manure approved by the Engineer per cubic
meter of agricultural soil.
8.01.3.5 Planting Trees. Tree pits shall be excavated to the dimensions shown on
the Drawings, and the pit bottoms shall be broken up to a further depth of three
hundred (300) millimeters. All trees shall be placed in the center of the pits and at the
original soil depth and watered thoroughly after backfilling. All trees shall be
surrounded by a water-holding depression, one hundred fifty (150) millimeters deep and
six hundred (600) millimeters minimum in diameter.
Before planting, any broken or damaged roots shall be cut back to sound growth; any
cut ends over twenty-five (25) millimeters in diameter shall be treated with tree wound
dressing.
For bare-rooted trees, backfilling shall be placed in one hundred fifty (150) to two
hundred fifty (250) millimeter layers to ensure close contact with roots and to eliminate
air pockets. Firming shall take place as backfilling proceeds, so as not to damage
roots; the soil shall be heeled in firmly around the root collar. For root-balled trees,
backfilling shall be firmed around the root-ball in one hundred fifty (150) millimeter
layers, so as not to disturb the roots.
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8.01.3.6 Supporting Trees. To support a tree, a single stake shall be positioned

close to the tree on the windward side and driven vertically into the pit bottom until the
stake top is at its specified height.
Soil shall be consolidated around the stake during backfilling. The tree shall be
secured firmly, but not rigidly, to the stake with at least two (2) ties, to prevent the tree
from touching the stake. If necessary, chafing guards to be used to prevent abrasion
between the tree and the stake. The top tie shall be positioned twenty-five (25)
millimeters from the top of the stake and the lower tie approximately halfway down.
Tree ties shall be approved proprietary ties, canvas or rubber hose.
8.01.3.7 Planting Palms. All suckers, flowering and fruiting parts and
approximately thirty percent (30%) of fronds shall be removed from the palms before
digging with sufficient fronds left to enclose and protect the growing bud. The
remaining fronds shall be trimmed to sixty-five percent (65%) of their original length,
lifted to surround the growing bud, burlap wrapped, securely tied in position. Special
attention is required to protect palm roots from being bruised during digging and
burlapping. Palms shall be planted according to specifications for trees above.
8.01.3.8 Supporting Palms. Palms are to be supported as shown on the detail

drawing and in accordance with either method described in Subparagraph 8.01.2.4.2
"Stakes for Palms."
8.01.3.9 Shrub, Ground Cover and Creeper Planting Medium. Planting medium
for shrub, ground cover and creeper shall consist of approved agricultural soil as
specified well mixed with fertilizers at the rate of twenty (20) grams P2O5, twenty (20)
grams K2O, twenty (20) grams N and two (2) kilograms of fermented animal manure
approved by the Engineer per plant.
8.01.3.10 Planting Shrubs, Ground Cover and Creepers. All weeds and rubbish
shall be removed from planting areas. Before planting, all non-perishable containers
shall be removed and all badly damaged roots pruned.
All shrubs shall be planted upright and well balanced with the best side to the front
and at a density as specified on the Drawings. Planting medium shall be carefully
packed around evenly spread roots or rootball in one hundred fifty (150) millimeter
layers and well heeled in. The finished level shall be at the original soil mark on the
shrubs. All shrubs irrigated by spray heads shall be surrounded by a water-holding
depression one hundred fifty (150) millimeters deep by six hundred (600) millimeters
minimum in diameter.
Climbers shall have their leading growths trained around the supporting wire mesh
if specified.
Immediately after planting, (1.) carefully cut back any damaged, dead or diseased
branches, remove weak or malformed growth and treat with tree wound dressing and
(2.) water thoroughly, using a fine hose and (3.) spray with anti-desiccant (not during
rainy weather).
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8.01.3.11 Climber Mesh Embankments & Interchanges. Wherever required,

supply and fix Polyethylene mesh to interchange embankments and outer median
embankments steeper than 1V:2H. The mesh shall be green and shall be secured with
Steel Pins, to the manufacturer's specifications, driven into the embankment at six
hundred (600) millimeter vertical spacings and one (1.0) meter horizontal spacings.
The top edge shall be secured with pins at five hundred (500) millimeter horizontal
spacings. The base shall be buried in a trench four hundred fifty (450) millimeters by
four hundred fifty (450) millimeters deep. The Contractor shall allow for all necessary
excavation and backfilling.
8.01.3.12 Pruning. Immediately after planting, all plants are to be pruned as

directed by the Engineer and in accordance with accepted horticultural practices.
Pruning shall consist of carefully cutting back any damaged, dead or diseased
branches; the removal of any weak or malformed growth, with the aim of forming each
type of stock to the standard shape for its species. All pruning cuts greater than
nineteen (19) millimeters shall be treated with an approved tree wound dressing.
8.01.3.13 Mulch. Gravel mulch shall be laid sequentially with the plant material and
to a thickness of fifty (50) millimeters. Gravel mulch shall consist of washed gravel that
is free from dirt, organic matter, clays, clay film or other deleterious matter. Grading
shall be eighteen (18) to twenty-five (25) millimeters diameter. Gravel mulch shall be
kept away from all drain inlets, pedestrian and vehicular surfaces.
Rock mulch used to stabilize the large open areas and planting beds shall be
crushed stone or gravel, clean and free from sand, clay, dirt, organic matter or other
deleterious matter. Grading shall be twenty-five (25) to fifty (50) millimeters diameter.
8.01.3.14 Watering. The Contractor shall ensure that sufficient water is applied to
maintain healthy growth of all trees and plants. All plants shall be watered immediately
after planting. If an irrigation system is required, water may be obtained from such
facility. When an irrigation system is not required, the Contractor shall make his own
arrangements for furnishing and applying water and shall be responsible for all costs
involved.
Water shall be applied in a moderate stream until the backfill soil throughout the
depth of each plant is saturated. Where watering is done with a hose, a pressure
reducing device approved by the Engineer shall be used. Under no circumstances shall
the full force of the water from the open end of a hose be allowed to fall within the basin
around any plant.
8.01.3.15 Protection. Newly planted trees and plants shall be protected where
necessary until plants are established. Any damage to planting shall be made good
and the ground reinstated if disturbed, at the Contractor's expense.
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8.01.3.16 Preparation and Maintenance of Grass Areas. Agricultural soils shall

be placed to a minimum depth of one hundred fifty (150) millimeters to establish an
acceptable seed medium. The seeding area shall be graded to line and grade and all
weeds, sticks and stones more than twenty-five (25) millimeters diameter removed.
Fertilizer shall be incorporated at the following rate: one hundred (100) kilograms P 205,
one hundred (100) kilograms K 20 and fifty (50) kilograms N per hectare. The soil shall
be cultivated to a minimum depth of one hundred (100) millimeters resulting in a lightly
firm but friable seedbed.
The seeding area is to be thoroughly moistened before seeding and mulched with
either straw or hay mulch within twenty-four (24) hours of seeding. The mulched
seeded areas shall be kept moist until at least ten (10) days after seed germination.
8.01.3.17 Grass Seeding. Grass areas shall be recultivated immediately prior to

planting if so required by the Engineer.
Seeding shall be carried out at the appropriate state in the Contract. The Contractor
shall ensure that the seed bed is thoroughly irrigated before seeding. Seed shall be
applied at the rate of one (1) kilogram per one hundred (100) square meters, spread
evenly in two (2) equal sowings in transverse directions and areas lightly harrowed or
raked.
8.01.3.18 Hydroseeding.
8.01.3.18.1 General. The Contractor shall furnish labor, materials, equipment

and transportation to plant and stabilize by hydroseeding all the areas that are
designated on the Contract Drawings and described herein to be hydroseeded.
Included as part of the work in this Section but not necessarily limited by it are the
following:
Soil Stabilization and Hydroseeding
Materials
Hydroseeding Installation
Maintenance Procedures
Irrigation as required.
8.01.3.18.2 Quality of Work.
The hydroseeding work shall be performed by a competent, trained individual or

by use of an approved hydroseeding Subcontractor in accordance with the best
standards and practices relating to the trade and under the continuous supervision of
a competent foreman capable of interpreting the Contract Drawings and Specifications.
8.01.3.18.3 Inspection of Conditions.
The Contractor shall examine related work including irrigation and grading
surfaces before proceeding with work and inform the Ministry in writing on conditions
which will prevent the proper execution of his work. Failure to report unsuitable
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conditions will constitute acceptance of performing all work caused by the unsuitable
conditions.
8.01.3.18.4 Soil Stabilization and Hydroseeding Materials.
All materials shall be approved and first grade quality and shall be in prime
condition when installed and accepted. Any commercial process or packaging material
shall be undisturbed and materials delivered to the site in the original, unopened
condition bearing the manufacturer's guaranteed analysis. They shall be applied at the
rates given below:
1. Fertilizer - three hundred thirty-six (336) kilograms per hectare of 16-20-20+

micronutrients, inorganic commercial fertilizer.
2. Fiber Mulch - at the quantity per hectare of cellulose fiber or paper mulching
fiber as indicated on the Special Specifications.
3. Super Absorbent Humectant - at the quantity per hectare indicated on the

Contract Drawings.
4. Soil Stabilant - four hundred seventy (470) liters per hectare of soil stabilant.
5. Seedmix - Seedmix for the contract area as specified in Subsection 8.01.2.3,

"Plants" and Paragraph 8.01.5.1.1 "Grass Seeding" in these General Specifications or
as specified in the Special Specifications.
Each type of seed shall be delivered to the site in separate sacks labeled with
proper Latin names per variety and pure live seed count per kilogram on each sack.
Any deviation from procedures, pure live seed rates, varieties or quantities must be
authorized in writing by the Engineer. Written verification of seed components for each
mix shall be supplied to the Engineer along with copies of certified seed analysis
reports and respective lot numbers. Certified seed analysis shall be by a licensed seed
laboratory.
8.01.3.18.5 Hydroseeding Equipment.
1. The above specified components shall be mixed together in the hydroseeding

machine to allow for a homogenous slurry which is thoroughly mixed with potable water
and can be applied easily without clogging. The machine type must be approved by
the Ministry.
2. The equipment shall have a built-in agitation system and operating capacity
sufficient to agitate, suspend and homogeneously mix a slurry containing not less than
five (5) kilograms of fiber mulch plus fertilizers and chemical additives and solids for
each one hundred (100) liters of potable water.
3. The hydroseeding equipment shall meet the minimum requirements of a slurry

distribution line large enough to prevent stoppage and shall be equipped with a set of
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hydraulic spray nozzles which will provide a continuous nonfluctuating discharge at the
end of the spray nozzle.
8.01.3.18.6 Hydroseeding Installation and Planting Schedule.
1. The hydroseeding shall be applied in the form of a slurry consisting of organic

soil amendments, commercial fertilizers, fiber, mulch, super absorbent humectant,
potable water and seeds. When hydraulically sprayed onto the soil, the hydroseeding
SHALL NOT FORM A BLOTTER LIKE MATERIAL. Instead, the spray operation should
be so directed that the slurry spray will penetrate the soil surface as to drill and mix the
slurry components into the soil, thus ensuring maximum impregnation and coverage of
the sand particles with soil stabilizing material. The impregnation and mixing of the
components will help in retaining moisture while preventing soil erosion.
2. The slurry shall be prepared at the site and its components shall be mixed to
supply the rates of application as outlined in these specifications.
Slurry preparation should begin by adding potable water to the tank when the
engine is at one-half (½)throttle. When the water level has reached the height of the
agitator shaft and good recirculation has been established, the fertilizers shall be added
to the mixture (the tank shall be at least one-third (_) filled with water at this time).
The engine throttle shall be opened to full speed when the tank is one-half (½)
filled with water. All organic amendments and soil stabilants shall then be added by the
time the tank is two-thirds (_) full. At this time the seedmix shall also be added.
Spraying shall commence immediately after the tank is full and the slurry is mixed.
3. Application - The operator shall spray the areas with a uniform coat using the
dark color of the dye in the fiber as a visible guide. The slurry shall be applied in a
downward drilling motion via a fan stream nozzle. It is important to ensure that all the
components enter and mix with the soil to a depth not greater than ten (10) millimeters.
The hydroseed materials have a tendency to build upon themselves. Therefore, it is
important that the Contractor employs only qualified personnel to ensure uniformity of
the hydroseed application.
4. Time Limit - The hydroseeding slurry components are not to be left in the
hydroseed machine for more than two (2) hours for fear of destruction of the seeds.
The Contractor shall add fifty percent (50%) more of the originally specified seedmix to
any slurry which has not been applied within two (2) hours after mixing. The Contractor
shall add seventy-five percent (75%) more of the original seedmix to any slurry which
has not been applied within six hours after mixing. Any mixture which has not been
applied within eight (8) hours shall be rejected and disposed of off-site at the
5. Protection - Special care is to be exercised by the Contractor to prevent any

slurry from being sprayed onto any hardscape areas including concrete walks, fences,
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walls, buildings, etc. Any slurry sprayed onto these areas shall be removed at the
6. Hydroseeding Schedule - The hydroseeding and soil stabilization installation

should be timed to take advantage of the natural precipitation during the winter rainy
season. As an added precaution, the area shall be presoaked by potable water truck
or irrigation to a depth of seventy-five (75) millimeters immediately prior to the
hydroseeding installation.
7. The hydroseeding areas shall be sealed with a soil stabilant immediately

following the completion of the hydroseeding application. The time lapse between the
first application of hydroseed and the sealing with soil stabilant shall not exceed twenty-
four (24) hours.
8. Irrigation at the rates and frequency required for germination and establishment
shall begin not more than twenty-four (24) hours after the completion of the
hydroseeding and soil stabilant application.
8.01.3.19 Sod. This work consists of furnishing and placing living sod of perennial
turf-forming grasses. Sod placement is designated as solid or spot as outlined below.
Sod shall be a living vigorous growth of the type of grass and thickness specified in
the contract. The grass shall have a dense root system contained in suitable sod and
reasonably free from noxious weeds and grasses. When the sod is cut, its top growth
shall not be more than seventy-five (75) millimeters in height. Sod shall be cut and
placed during the local growing season. Sod shall be placed only when weather and
soil moisture conditions are favorable.
Pegs for sod shall be fabricated from sound wood, at least two hundred (200)
millimeters long, square or round, and having a cross-sectional area of approximately
six hundred forty-five (645) millimeters.
The area to be sodded shall be cleared and graded. The grade shall be cultivated,
disked, harrowed or otherwise loosened to a depth of not less than one hundred (100)
millimeters. Stones larger than twenty-five (25) millimeters in any diameter, sticks,
stumps, and other debris that might interfere with the proper placement or subsequent
growth shall be removed. The area to be sodded shall be cultivated like a grass area
per Paragraph 8.01.3.16 "Preparation and Maintenance of Grass Areas" in these
General Specifications.
The Contractor shall provide the Engineer at least three (3) days notice before
cutting sod. The Engineer will inspect and approve the sod in its original position before
cutting. The Contractor shall not deliver sod until the soil is prepared. The prepared
sod bed shall be thoroughly moistened. The sod shall be placed within twenty-four (24)
hours after cutting or within five (5) calendar days after cutting when the sod is stored
in moist stacks, grass-to-grass and roots-to-roots. Protect sod against drying and from
freezing.
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1. Solid Sod. Sod shall be placed perpendicular to drainage flows. Sections of solid
sod shall be placed edge to edge with staggered joints. Openings shall be plugged with
sod or openings filled with acceptable loamy seeded topsoil. Sod shall be rolled or
tamped to eliminate air pockets and provide an even surface. On slopes 1V:2H or
steeper and in channels, sod shall be pegged on six-tenths (0.6) meter centers after
rolling or tamping.
2. Spot Sod. Sod is to be placed in blocks. The blocks shall be rolled or tamped
into the soil until the sod surfaces are slightly below the surrounding ground surface.
The sod shall be watered when placing and kept moist for a minimum of ten (10) days.
Erosion shall be avoided when watering.
The Contractor shall erect warning signs and barriers to protect newly sodded areas.
Wheeled vehicles shall not be allowed on newly sodded areas.
Sodded areas shall be mowed and sodded areas that are damaged or fail to show
a uniform growth of grass shall be repaired or replaced. Sodded areas shall be
maintained until final acceptance of the project.
8.01.4 COMPLETION AND MAINTENANCE. This item shall be read in conjunction

with the General Requirements for Maintenance of Irrigation and Landscaping in the
attached Appendix "2".
8.01.4.1 After Planting. All soils areas shall be forked and/or raked to a fine tilth
with approved cambers and no hollows.
8.01.4.2 Cleanliness. Soil and rubbish shall be removed from hard surfaces and
the works left in a clean and tidy condition.
8.01.4.3 Maintenance Period. The Contractor shall be responsible for the

maintenance of the planted areas, their irrigation and all operations necessary to keep
the plants in a healthy condition for a period of two (2) years following the satisfactory
completion of landscaping.
The maintenance shall include, but not be limited to watering, watering, weeding,
pruning, mowing, fertilizing, removing rubbish, replacing plants, applying approved
chemicals to counter insect attack, disease and weeds and any other horticultural
operations recognized as necessary for the proper growth of plants and for keeping the
contract area neat in appearance.
8.01.4.4 Maintenance Program. Visits shall be made at approximately daily

intervals during the growing season and as necessary to fulfill the requirement of the
Contract. The Contractor shall keep accurate records as to the operations conducted
and keep such records available for inspection by the Engineer.
8.01.4.5 Watering. Irrigation should be conducted regularly. Irrigation duration

should be scheduled to provide sufficient water for plants' growth based on the monthly
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plant water requirement. Once per month throughout the maintenance period, the
Contractor shall supply certified laboratory water quality test reports as mentioned in
Paragraph 8.01.2.5 "Irrigation Water" in these General Specifications.
8.01.4.6 Weed Control and Debris Removal. Weed and debris removal from an
area of two (2) meter diameter around each tree and one (1) meter diameter around
each ground cover or shrub shall be routinely performed by the Contractor. Grass and
weeds shall not be allowed to reach a height of fifty (50) millimeters (two (2) inches) in
any tree basin or around any plant before being completely removed, including root
growth.
8.01.4.7 Pruning. Plants shall be pruned at an appropriate time to remove any

dead, dying or diseased wood and suckers in order to promote healthy growth and
natural shape. Cut ends exceeding twenty-five (25) millimeters in diameter shall be
treated with tree wound dressing.
8.01.4.8 Fertilizing. Throughout the maintenance period the Contractor shall apply
a soluble NPK fertilizer in weak solution through the injector mechanism located at each
pump station. The fertilizer shall also include traces of zinc, iron and manganese.
Every two (2) months the Contractor shall take one (1) soil sample per half a hectare
in each separate planting area serviced by fertilizer injection unit as directed by the
Engineer. The soil samples shall be tested for agricultural nutrients and fertility suitable
for arid plant growth.
The soil sample shall be tested by an approved agricultural soil testing laboratory
from the Ministry of Agriculture to determine the levels of nutrients and obtain
recommendations for the rate of application of nitrogen, phosphorus and exchangeable
potassium together with the need for trace elements.
The dilution rate shall be as per the injector and manufacturer's recommendations
and as directed by the Engineer. Fertilizer material and application rate shall be
performed by the Contractor, and will be monitored and certified by the Engineer at the
time of injection.
8.01.4.9 Plant Replacement. From a field review of completed sections of planting

works thirty (30) days after installation, the Engineer will direct the Contractor to remove
and replace all plants determined by the Engineer as dead, from the Contract Site.
Plants reviewed that, though not dead but which exhibit questionable abilities to survive
will be marked by the Contractor in the presence of the Engineer that require
subsequent review after an additional thirty (30) day period.
The Contractor shall make every effort to stabilize the quality of all plants identified
by the Engineer as questionable well in advance of any additional field reviews. Plants
reviewed as not being in a healthy condition one hundred and twenty (120) days from
installation will be noted by the Contractor for removal and replacement. As soon as
seasonal planting conditions are appropriate the Contractor shall replant any areas
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containing unhealthy and dead plants at his own expense. The replanted species shall
be as close as possible in size, shape and species as already growing on site.
8.01.4.10 Pest and Disease Control. Specific checks for pests and disease are
to be carried out every week by the trained technical specialist of the Contractor's staff.
Spraying and dusting with approved insecticides and fungicides to control pests and
to ensure healthy plant growth and survival, shall be performed as directed by the
Engineer. The Contractor shall submit for the Engineer's review and approval
manufacturer's product information with a sample one (1) liter of all proposed chemical
insecticides and fungicides and a minimum thirty (30) calendar days prior to their
anticipated use. Spraying with pesticides and fungicides shall be performed as required
to control pests and disease and as approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall
maintain a supply of recognized and approved horticultural chemicals in sufficient
quantities to combat recurring pests and/or disease infestation that might occur during
the length of the contract.
The Contractor shall follow the manufacturer's recommendations in handling and

storage of chemicals. Certain chemicals such as potassium nitrate must be separated
from other chemicals. The ventilated storage area of the Contractor's chemicals must
be locked when not in use and toxic hazard notices shall be posted in both Arabic and
English, and suitable protective clothing and washing facilities shall be furnished by the
Contractor, together with first aid equipment immediately adjacent to the storage area.
The Contractor shall conduct training sessions in first aid and site safety, in English
and Arabic, ensuring staff awareness to any precautionary measures that may be
required for handling chemicals.
All equipment should be surface sterilized with methylated spirits after use on the
plants which are known, or suspected to be diseased. All diseased wood, fungi,
pruning, etc. to be disposed of after removal from diseased plants. The Contractor's
methods and location of disposal shall be reviewed and approved by the Engineer prior
to initiating the work.
8.01.4.11 Tree Stakes. The condition of all stakes, ties and guards shall be checked
and any broken or missing items replaced. Ties shall be adjusted to prevent bark from
being rubbed. Any damaged bark shall be cut back and treated with tree wound
dressing.
8.01.4.12 Burlap Wrapping. Wrapping shall be removed from the palm growing
buds when the turgor in the bud has been completely restored.
8.01.4.13 Grass Area Maintenance. The Contractor shall perform all required soil
tests, mowing, trimming, irrigation, aeration, thatching, top dressing, and fertilization at
frequencies required to maintain a healthy vigorous turf with a well kept appearance.
The Contractor will overseed with rye grasses in areas approved by the Engineer to
maintain a vigorous green color during winter months. The Contractor shall
continuously reseed thin or dead areas and top dress lawn areas as required during the
maintenance period.
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8.01.5 GENERAL INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS.
8.01.5.1 Defects. Any trees, shrubs or plants which are dead, dying or otherwise
defective at substantial completion of the Works or six (6) weeks after first leafing out,
whichever is later, shall be regarded as defects due to materials or workmanship not
in accordance with the Contract. These must be replaced by approved equivalent
trees, shrubs or plants unless otherwise instructed or unless defects are caused by
malicious damage after substantial completion.
At the end of the maintenance period, all planted areas shall be free from weeds,
trash, debris, and shall appear neat and clean. All plants shall be in good growing
condition and shall be pruned, as directed by the Engineer, to present a well shaped
and natural appearance. After pruning, all remaining wood shall be alive. All cut
surfaces of twenty-five (25) millimeters or more in diameter shall be treated with an
approved tree paint. Replacement plants shall be in place at least fifteen (15) days
prior to the end of the maintenance period and shall exhibit no signs of damage or
failure. The maintenance period shall be extended as required to ensure full
compliance with the specifications.
Failure of the Contractor to adequately perform maintenance during this period shall
be cause for extension of the maintenance period.
8.01.5.2 Manufacturer's Recommendations. Recommendations for the storage,

handling and application of fertilizers, herbicides and other chemicals shall be strictly
followed.
8.01.5.3 Storage. All trees and plants which are not to be planted on the day of
delivery to the site shall be stored as follows, or by any other approved method:
1. Root-balled trees and plants shall be placed close together and root-balls covered
with sand, moist peat or wet straw.
2. Bare-rooted trees and plants shall be heeled in, in prepared trenches, covered
with sweet soil and watered thoroughly.
8.01.5.4 Planting Time. Plants and trees shall only be moved or planted into
permanent positions during the period mid February to mid May and mid September to
mid November every year and only when ground and weather conditions are suitable.
The Engineer's approval must be obtained to vary the planting period if special
conditions so warrant.
8.01.5.5 Weather Conditions. No planting shall be carried out when persistent cold
or drying winds are likely to occur, or if the soil is water logged or excessively dry.
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8.01.5.6 Planting Outside Specified Conditions. If the Engineer requires or

approves of planting outside the above season or hours or during adverse weather
conditions, the Contractor is not relieved of his obligations regarding plant replacement
during the Defects Liability Period.
The Contractor is to allow for all measures necessary to reduce fatalities in the plant
material by, for example, additional watering and the use of anti-desiccants and
shading, as he considers appropriate.
8.01.5.7 Notice. The Contractor must give forty-eight (48) hours notice to the
Engineer before commencing planting, maintenance or replacement work.
8.01.5.8 Meaning of Drawings. The drawings, specifications and other documents

are intended to convey accurate descriptions of the nature and standard of quality of
the work to be performed by the Contractor. Should the tenderer be in any doubt
regarding the true meaning and intent of any Clause in the Specification, etc., he is
invited to have these fully resolved before submitting his tender.
8.01.5.9 Planting Designs. Three (3) weeks prior to the commencement of

excavation, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval, shop drawings
indicating all the planting positions, species sizes. They shall be prepared in
accordance with the planting plans supplied by the Engineer and shall be liable to in-
situ adjustments as required.
8.01.5.10 "As Planted" Record. Before issuing of the Certificate of Substantial

Completion, the Contractor shall furnish the Client with a bound set of layout Drawings
to a scale 1:1000 which record the actual species used in the planted areas, including
all approved substitutes.
8.01.6 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. Trees, palms, shrubs, creepers, ground

cover, succulents and climbing plants are all measured by number. Grass,
hydroseeding mixes, gravel mulch and concrete tiling wherever specified shall be
measured by the square meter. These measurements are taken to include all
necessary works such as preparation of planting areas, excavation of pits, furnishing
of all plants, stakes, ties, agricultural soil and fertilizers and all labor and maintenance.
8.01.7 PAYMENT. The quantities, measure as provided above, shall be paid for at
the contract unit price(s) for the several pay items as specified in the Bill of Quantities,
which prices shall be full compensation for furnishing, preparation of planting areas
including plants, soil, fertilizers, stakes, chemicals and placing all materials, for all labor
and maintenance, equipment and all other items described in the specifications
necessary for the proper completion of the work.
The supply of water required will not be paid for directly but shall be considered
subsidiary work pertaining to the several items contained in the landscape works.
The Contractor shall supply water for his own Contract and for any additional adjacent
Contracts which are served by his pumping station.
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For guarantee of perfect maintenance of works according to the Specifications, an

amount equivalent to twenty-four percent (24%) of total amount of landscape items
shall be reserved to be paid during maintenance period (24 months) at equal monthly
payments of one percent (1%) according to performance of maintenance or works as
required.
Prices and payment made under this section shall cover and be full compensation
for furnishing labor, equipment, materials, tools and incidentals for completing the work
as specified in Subsection 1.07.2, "Scope of Payment" in these General Specifications.
PAYMENT WILL BE MADE UNDER ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
ITEM NO PAY ITEM PAY UNIT
80101 Trees, Acacia arabica Unit
80102 Trees, Albizzia lelbbek Unit
80103 Trees, Casuarina Unit
80104 Trees, Delonix regia Unit
80105 Trees, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Unit
80106 Trees, Prosopis juliflora Unit
80107 Trees, Schinus molle Unit
80108 Trees, Schinus terebinthifolius Unit
80109 Trees, Ficus nitida Unit
80110 Trees, Ficus altissima Unit
80111 Trees, Pithecellobium dulce Unit
80112 Trees, Aiziphus mauritiana Unit
80113 Trees, (Type) Unit
80120 Palms, Phoenix dactylifera Unit
80121 Palms, (Type) Unit
80125 Shrubs, Acacia farnesiana Unit
80126 Shrubs, Bougainvillea spectabilis Unit
80127 Shrubs, Bougainvillea glabra Unit
80128 Shrubs, Caesalpina pulcherrima Unit
80129 Shrubs, Dodonia viscosa Unit
80130 Shrubs, Callistermon viminalis Unit
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80131 Shrubs, Atriplex halimus Unit
80132 Shrubs, Tecoma stans Unit
80133 Shrubs, Tehvitia nereifolia Unit
80134 Shrubs, (Type) Unit
80140 Creepers, (Type) Unit
80145 Ground Cover, Carissa grandiflora Unit
80146 Ground Cover, Clerodendron inerme Unit
80147 Ground Cover, Ipomoea pes-capre Unit
80148 Ground Cover, Ipomoea carica Unit
80149 Ground Cover, (Type) Unit
80155 Succulents, Aloe vera Unit
80156 Succulents, Agava americana Unit
80157 Succulents, Opuntia Unit
80158 Succulents, Yucca alofolia Unit
80159 Succulents, (Type) Unit
80165 Climbing Plant, (Type) Unit
80170 Grass, Bermuda Square Meter
80171 Grass, Cydomon Dactylon/Roa Annua Square Meter
80172 Grass, (Type) Square Meter
80175 Hydroseeding Mixes, Bermuda Square Meter
80176 Hydroseeding Mixes, (Type) Square Meter
80180 Gravel Mulch, Class 18-25 mm dia Square Meter
80181 Gravel Mulch, Class ___ - ___ mm dia Square Meter
80185 Precast Concrete Tiling Square Meter
80186 Sod Square Meter
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SECTION 8.02 IRRIGATION
8.02.1 SCOPE AND REQUIREMENTS
8.02.1.1 Scope. This work shall consist of supplying, installing, testing and
maintaining an irrigation system complete in all respects, all in accordance with the
specifications and in conformity with the details shown on the Drawings or established
by the Engineer.
All irrigation water used by the Contractor for watering shall be of an approved quality
and the Contractor shall provide the Engineer with complete physical and chemical
analyses of this water and shall obtain necessary approvals prior to its use.
ITEMS IN BILL OF QUANTITIES

Irrigation Pipework
Plastic Irrigation Pipe
Steel Irrigation Pipe
Valve, Butterfly
Valve, Air Type
Valve, Globe
Valve, Silent Check
Valve, Remote Control
Valve, Pressure Reducing
Valve, Pressure Relief, Check
Valve, Penstock
Valve, Gate
Combination Valves
Electricity Supply
Mechanical Plant for Irrigation Pumping Station
Electrical Installations for Pumping Station
Civil Works for Pumping Station
Suction and Header Pipes for Pumping Station
Pumping Station Chain Link Fence and Gates
8.02.1.2 Abbreviations.
BS British Standards
SAS Saudi Arabian Standards
U/L Underwriters Laboratory
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8.02.1.3 Shop Drawings and Approval of Equipment. The Contractor shall

prepare shop drawings showing the detailed and accurate construction of every
element of the Works. The shop drawings shall cover but not be limited to:
1. Reinforced concrete details and bar bending schedules.
2. The accurate setting out plans of all irrigation pipelines presented on 1/500 scale
over one (1) meter contour background as obtained from actual field survey, indicting
the pipe diameter, the location and size of all valves, fittings, and irrigators.
3. Installation details of valves, risers, pumping units and accessories.
4. Irrigation schedule showing the reference number of every valve, time of irrigation
and length of the irrigation period.
5. Wiring layout of all remote control valves including the size and length of wires
used.
Shop drawings for a specific location shall be submitted in triplicate to the Engineer
at least two (2) weeks prior to commencement of construction in that location. No
permanent work shall proceed in a location until the relevant shop drawings have been
approved by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall submit full details in triplicate of all materials and equipment to
be supplied for the approval of the Engineer. Firm orders for equipment shall not be
placed until equipment has been approved in writing.
8.02.1.4 Record Drawings. The Contractor shall provide record drawings, to a

scale not less than one one-thousandth (1/1000), showing the locations, dimensions
and details of the Works as built. The drawings can be prepared by making
amendments to the Contract Drawings; the Engineer will provide the Contractor with
one (1) set of reproducible transparencies of the Contract Drawings for this purpose.
The record drawings shall be prepared not later than twenty (20) days after
completion of the corresponding part of the Works. Upon completion of the whole of
the Works, the completed record drawings shall be submitted to the Engineer for
approval before the substantial Completion Certificate is issued. After approval, the
Contractor shall provide three (3) bound sets of prints and one (1) reproducible
transparency to the Employer.
Record drawings shall give the exact location, with respect to the road section, other
pipelines and other permanent features, of all standard and special pipes, fittings,
valves, irrigators and all other items incorporated in the Works, including diameters,
pressure class or rating, and the actual pressures as measured on the highest and
lowest irrigators commanded by each pressure regulating valve.
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8.02.1.5 Maintenance and Operation.
8.02.1.5.1 General. The Contractor shall operate and maintain the irrigation
system throughout the Maintenance Period as defined under Section 8.01,
“Landscaping” in these General Specifications and shall provide staff in full time
attendance throughout the period.
This item to be read in conjunction with the General Requirements for

Maintenance of Irrigation and Landscaping in the attached Appendix "2".
8.01.1.5.2 Works. Maintenance of the works included in this Section shall cover
all work necessary to adequately operate and keep all irrigation equipment, valves,
pipelines and appurtenances in a proper operating condition, all to the satisfaction of
the Engineer.
The maintenance program shall in general include but not be limited to the
following:
1. Supply of irrigation water of suitable quality and in adequate quantities to meet

the irrigation requirements. The Contractor shall arrange to obtain water from an
adequate source, subject to the approval of the Employer and the Engineer, and shall
pay all expenses incident thereto. Ground water may be exploited for this purpose and
the Employer will provide assistance for obtaining approval by the relevant authorities.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval, a full analysis of the
water from each source prior to its use for irrigation, and at one (1) month intervals
thereafter.
2. Irrigation at a frequency and depth as required for every season.
3. Maintenance and repair of all irrigation equipment, pipes, valves, pumping

stations, and all appurtenances.
4. Provision of a detailed maintenance program to be submitted to the Engineer

for approval at least two (2) months before any irrigation system is operated. This
program shall include the Operation and Maintenance organization chart, the regular
Maintenance works, the irrigation scheduling the means of providing water to the site
and all other activities incident thereto.
5. Keeping a record of all maintenance, repair and operation activities throughout

the maintenance period. This record shall show the date, location and type of work
performed, all repairs and replacements, the amount of water applied at every irrigation
and the duration of the application, results of the water analyses and all works, activities
and equipment relevant to the operation and maintenance works. This record shall be
complete to the approval of the Employer and the Engineer and shall revert to the
Employer so that it can be used by the authority in charge following the expiry of the
Maintenance Period.
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8.02.1.6 Operation and Maintenance Literature. Prior to the final acceptance of

the installation, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer six (6) sets of manuals for
all equipment supplied under the Contract. The manuals for all equipment supplied
under the Contract. The manuals shall be A4 size bound in loose leaf binders or
booklets suitably enclosed and shall include the following in Arabic and English
languages:
1. Single line diagrams of the complete electrical installations.
2. Control, projection and circuit diagrams for all equipment.
3. Setting up, commissioning and operating instructions.
4. Trouble shooting procedures.
5. Maintenance instruction including schedules for preventative maintenance,

recommended lubricants and equivalents.
6. The manufacturers catalogues and spare parts numbers of all permanent works
together with a recommended spares list.
7. A description of the regular maintenance activities and the proper operating

methods of the system in both the Arabic and English languages.
8. Name of Manufacturers' local or nearest authorized representative(s) and service

agent(s).
8.02.2 PIPING AND APPURTENANCES
8.02.2.1 Scope. PIPING AND APPURTENANCES cover all pipes, fittings valves,
irrigation equipment and accessories relevant to the irrigation network and also the
Pumping Stations and Water Tanks.
8.02.2.2 Special Requirements. Notwithstanding the specific standards relevant

to every pipe material, the following general requirements shall apply to all pipe
materials:
8.02.2.2.1 Manufacturer's Certificate.
Every shipment shall be accompanied by an original statement from the

manufacturer certifying that the products have been subject to the tests specified in the
relevant standards, have been found to meet the requirements thereof and are
manufactured in complete accordance with the specified standards.
Records of all tests carried out at the factory shall be kept and made available to
the Engineer.
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8.02.2.2.2 Marking.
Products shall have the following marks legibly cast, stamped or indelibly painted
on, as appropriate:
1. Trade name, or manufacturer's name, monogram or identification mark.
2. Relevant standard(s).
3. Nominal diameter and pressure class designation.
4. Length of pipe is shorter than standard length.
5. Angle of bends in degrees.
6. Date of manufacture.
7. Shift of manufacture or lot reference.
8. Material used.
8.02.2.2.3 Retests.
For the purpose of this Specification, the term "batch" shall be deemed to include
products of the same material, size and pressure class only.
The Engineer reserves the right to require additional tests or retests on selected
products and the Contractor shall defray all costs. These tests when required shall be
carried out an independent testing organization approved by the Engineer through the
offices of the Contractor, in accordance with the latest applicable standards. The
samples to be tested shall be selected by the Engineer with at least one (1) from every
batch, and shall be subjected to any or all of the tests specified in the applicable
standards.
If a sample shall fail to pass a given test, two (2) additional samples of the same
batch shall be subjected to the same test. The failure of one (1) of these additional
samples to pass this test shall be cause for rejection of that size, pressure class and
type of manufacture during the same shift as the test samples.
8.02.2.3 Handling. All products shall be delivered to and distributed at the site by
the Contractor. The Contractor shall follow the manufacturer's recommendations for
handling, repairing, laying, jointing, anchoring, testing and other works with due respect
to the following:
1. Loading and unloading shall be carried out by lifting with hoists, using ropes or
slings in order to avoid shock or damage. Fittings shall be loaded and unloaded
individually. Under no circumstances shall such materials be dropped. Pipes handled
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on skidways shall not be skidded or rolled against pipes or other materials already on
the ground. No dragging on the ground will be allowed.
2. Pipes shall be stacked by placing the first layer on level timber. Pipes shall not
rest on sockets or joint faces. Pipes of the same diameter shall be stacked together
with suitable labels, on which shall be entered the stack reference number, date of
dispatch, date of delivery at the Site and the number of pipes. Height of stack shall be
to the manufacturer's instructions. Rubber rings, plastic materials and any other
materials as recommended by the manufacturers, shall be stored in shaded locations
in their original packing.
3. Each pipe shall be unloaded on Site opposite or near the place where it will be
installed.
8.02.2.4 Pipes, Fittings and Accessories. The pressure class of the pipes, fittings
and accessories shall be as indicated in the Specifications that follow unless otherwise
specifically indicated on the Drawings:
8.02.2.4.1 Ductile Iron Pressure Pipes.
Flexibility jointed pipes shall be to BS 4772 Class K9, with NP10 joints, flanged
pipes to BS 4772 Class K12, fittings to BS 4772 K12 except for fittings with branches
which shall be Class K14, and flanges to BS 4504. All flanges shall be rated at NP25.
Factory protection shall consist of:
Internally: cement mortar lining to BS 4772 Appendix C with sulphate resisting

Portland cement to BS 4027.
Externally: coating with bitumen to BS 3416, thickness one (1) mil.
8.02.2.4.2 Unplasticised PVC Pressure Pipes.
Pipes shall be to SAS 14 Class 5 and SAS 15 unless otherwise indicated on the
Drawings and in the Bill of Quantities. All sizes shown on the Drawing and the Bill of
Quantities are for nominal internal diameter.
Fittings shall be injection molded to SAS 14.
Joints shall be injection molded to SAS 14.
8.02.2.4.3 Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipes.
Pipes shall be to SAS 5 and SAS 6 Class 18 manufactured with sulphate

resistance cement conforming to BS 4027.
Ductile iron fittings to BS 4772, protected internally with cement mortar and
externally with bitumen shall be used with asbestos cement pipes. End combinations
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shall be as shown on the Drawings. Spigot or plain ended fittings shall have their ends
shaped to suit specified asbestos cement joints.
Joints between pipes and between pipes and fittings shall be of the sleeve type
utilizing gasket retaining grooved asbestos cement couplings. Rubber sealing rings
shall be to BS 2494.
8.02.2.4.4 Steel Tubes and Tubulars.
Tubes shall be to BS 1387 Medium Class with screwed joints to BS 21. Factory
protection shall consist of dipping in molten zinc containing not less than ninety-eight
and one-half percent (98.5%) by weight of zinc at a temperature suitable to produce a
complete and uniform adherent coating.
8.02.2.4.5 Flexible Pipe Couplings.
Flexible couplings are to be of the correct type and class recommended by the
manufacturer for the specific pipe material and pressure. They must be fixed exactly
in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Factory protection shall
consist of external and internal coating with bitumen to BS 3416, thickness one (1) mil.
Flexible pipe couplings shall be of the straight type to connect two (2) plain ended
pipes of the same outside diameter or of the stepped type for large diametrical
differences. Coupling is to be with center register. Material shall be malleable iron to
BS 300 Grade 20/10 or rolled steel to BS 970-060 A12. Bolts to BS 90-EN3A. Rubber
rings to BS 2494.
Allowable angular deflection shall not be less than six degrees (6 o) for sizes up to
six hundred (600) millimeters diameter.
8.02.2.4.6 Flanged Adaptors.
Material shall be cast iron body to BS 1452 grade 14 or mild steel plate to BS
4360 - 4SA and malleable cast iron flanges to BS 310 grade 20/10 or rolled steel to BS
970-060 A12. Bolts to BS 970-EN3A. Rubber rings to BS 2494.
Length of adaptor shall be two hundred (200) millimeters for diameters up to one
hundred fifty (150) millimeters, two hundred fifty (250) millimeters for diameters between
two hundred (200) and three hundred (300) millimeters and as approved for diameters
larger than three hundred (300) millimeters. Factory protection shall consist of external
and internal coating with bitumen to BS 3416, thickness one (1) mil.
8.02.2.4.7 Jointing Materials.
1. Gaskets shall be elastomeric full face three (3) millimeter thick joint rings to BS
2494 with dimensions to BS 3063.
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2. Rings shall be elastomeric to BS 2494. Dimensions shall be to manufacturer's

recommendations to suit type of joint.
3. Bolts and nuts shall be ISO metric black hexagon to BS 4190 minimum tensile
strength four hundred thirty-three (433) MN per square meter, maximum elongation
seventeen percent (17%). After fixing, bolt projection shall be maximum six (6)
millimeters, minimum three (3) millimeters.
4. Washers shall be black steel conforming to BS 4320.
8.02.2.4.8 Field Testing.
1. General.
The Contractor shall provide pumping equipment, pressure gauges, instruments

and water needed for hydrostatic field testing. Tests shall be carried out in the
presence of the Engineer's representative.
Fittings and joints shall be permanently anchored before testing and left exposed
for checking. All pipework is to be cleaned and swabbed, prior to field testing, to
remove any material that may have collected during installation. Pipelines shall be
partially backfilled before testing.
Each section shall be limited to five hundred (500) millimeters or the length
between valve positions, whichever is shorter. No testing shall be carried out against
a closed valve.
Ends of test sections shall be securely plugged and strutted.
Ends of risers shall be plugged and all air purged.
No testing shall be carried out against or through the pressure reducing valves.
The setting of the pressure reducing valves shall not be changed for testing purposes.
Pressures shall be applied by manually operated or motor driven test pumps approved
by the Engineer.
Exposed joints shall be examined for visible leaks and appropriately repaired
where necessary. Should a test fail, leaks shall be located and defective pipes or joints
made good or replaced and the pipeline retested.
Test records shall be kept in an approved form, and the original copy shall be
handed over to the Engineer immediately after completion of each test.
2. Hydrostatic Test.
The pipeline shall be filled slowly with water from the lowest point. After filling with
water, absorbent pipes shall be allowed to stand for at least twenty-four (24) hours
before testing to allow complete absorption.
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Entrapped air shall be bled before pressurizing. Pressurizing is to continue until

the specified test pressure is reached in the lowest part of the section under test.
Further quantities of entrapped air shall be bled while pressure is being raised.
Unless otherwise specifically indicated, the test pressure shall be thirteen

kilograms per square centimeter (13 kg/cm2) for all pipelines upstream of pressure
regulating valves and seven kilograms per square centimeter (7 kg/cm 2) for all pipelines
downstream of pressure regulating valves.
The test pressure shall be maintained for one (1) hour by pumping. Pumping shall
then be stopped for two (2) hours, at the end of which time, the line shall be
repressurized to the original test pressure and the volume of water pumped into the line
recorded.
The pipeline will be deemed to have failed the test if:
- Visible leaks are detected, regardless of leakage being within the allowable
specified limit.
- Volume of water pumped to restore original test pressure after the period when
pumping was stopped exceeds the allowable leakage of:
- Eight-tenths (0.8) liters per day per kilometer of pipe per millimeter of pipe
diameter for each three (3) kilograms per square centimeter (3 kg/cm2) of
applied pressure for other pipe material.
- One-tenth (0.1) liters per kilometer of pipe per millimeter of pipe diameter for
each three (3) kilograms per square centimeter of applied pressure for other
pipe material.
8.02.2.4.9 PVC Ducts.
Ducks are to high impact resistant, acid resistant, high resistance to heat self
extinguishing, low coefficient of expansion PVC compound. The size of ducts shall be
as indicated in the Drawings.
Each section of duct is to have one (1) end tapered with jointed part being equal
or longer than eight (8) millimeters and joined using adhesive recommended by
manufacturer. Joint is to be waterproof and sandproof.
Ducts running under streets or paved areas are to be encased in concrete with
minimum thickness as shown on the Drawings.
Ducts are to be cleaned by rubber or leather mandrel slightly larger than duct
inside diameter.
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A pull wire is to be placed in all ducts stretching the complete length and fixed to
wooden block.
8.02.2.5 Valves.
8.02.2.5.1 General.
Unless otherwise indicated, valves shall comply with the following:
1. Valves shall be rated at sixteen kilograms per square centimeter (16 kg/cm2)
(NP 16).
2. Size fifty (50) millimeter (2 inch) and smaller shall have screwed ends to BS 21.
3. Size sixty-five (65) millimeter (2½ inch) and larger shall have flanged end
connections to BS 4504 - NP 16.
4. The construction of the valve shall allow for complete servicing without
removing the valve body from the line.
5. Factory protection of cast iron valves shall consist of an initial coat of protective
paint applied immediately after shot blasting and a second coat on assembly.
6. For cast iron valves that will be installed exposed indoors the protective coating
shall consist of two (2) coats of zinc primer. Two (2) coats of oil paint shall be applied
one (1) before and one (1) after assembly. For cast iron valves that will be directly
buried or installed inside valve chambers, the protective coating shall consist of two (2)
coats of cold applied coat tar based primer. Two (2) coats hot applied coat tar based
coating shall be applied after assembly.
7. After testing, each valve shall be drained, cleaned and closed. Valves shall be
prepared for dispatch in such a way as to prevent the possibility of damage to inside
or outside parts during transit. All machined parts shall be protected against rusting by
painting or by other approved means.
8. For all underground valves the Contractor shall provide a valve support, the
necessary ductile iron flanged/spigot pipes for connecting to pipes and all necessary
fittings, tapers, flanged adaptors, bolts, nuts, gaskets, etc., for a complete valve
installation as shown on the Drawings.
9. The valve box shall be constructed in accordance with the Drawings.
10. Valve markers shall bear suitable identification marking in accordance with
details given on the Drawings or as instructed.
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8.02.2.5.2 Gate Valves.
1. Size fifty (50) millimeter (two (2) inch) and smaller shall be to BS 5154 with
solid wedge disk, non-rising stem, and screwed bonnet.
2. Size sixty-five (65) millimeter (two and one-half (2½)inch) and larger shall be
to BS 5163 cast iron with inside screw, solid wedge, resilient seated, bolted bonnet and
non-rising stem suitable for NP 16.
Materials of component parts shall be from the basic or alternative materials listed
in BS 5163 Table 6.
Valves shall be supplied with either handwheels, valve caps or extension sockets
as shown.
8.02.2.5.3 Butterfly Valves.
Butterfly valves shall be to BS 5155, cast iron and carbon steel, double flanged,
resilient seated.
Operation key to be as indicated on the Drawings.
8.02.2.5.4 Globe Valves.
1. Size fifty (50) millimeter (two (2) inch) and smaller shall be to BS 5154 with
integral seat, revolving seat and disk, inside screw, rising stem and screwed bonnet.
to BS 5152 cast iron with bronze trim, renewable seat and disk, outside screw, rising
stem and flanged bonnet.
8.02.2.5.5 Silent Check Valves.
1. Silent check valves shall be non-slam, spring loaded, suitable for installation
in any position. They shall have straight guided disc with two-point bearing, wearing
parts including disc, seat and other guide bushing shall be replaceable. They shall also
have flow area in excess of pipe for minimum pressure drop.
2. Size fifty (50) millimeter (two (2) inch) and smaller shall be screwed, with
bronze body, seat and disc, 18-8 stainless steel spring, with body having three hundred
pounds per square inch (300 psi) working pressure rating.
flanged, with cast iron body, bronze seat and disc, 18-8 stainless steel spring, with body
having two hundred fifty pounds per square inch (250 psi) working pressure rating.
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8.02.2.5.6 Remote Control Valves (RCV).
Remote control valves shall be provided with a twenty-four (24) volt, two (2) watt
solenoid coil for remote open/close operation and shall be normally closed. It shall
have a bleed off screw arranged to allow manual operation of the valve without
energizing the solenoid coil. It shall have an adjustable flow control with manual shut-
off.
Valves shall be of the slow-closing type suitable for the indicated low flow/low
operating capacity at an operating pressure of five-tenths (0.5) to ten (10) kilograms per
square centimeter.
Valves shall be fitted with nylon screens.
Valves shall be provided with all necessary pilot valves, copper tubes and contacts
for remote indication of the valve status position open or closed at the irrigation program
controller.
Valves shall be of corrosion resistant construction.
The valve body shall be glass filled nylon. The bonnet shall be A.B.S. The
diaphragm shall be reinforced nylon. Valves shall be fitted with a nylon screen.
8.02.2.5.7 Pressure Reducing Valves.
Pressure reducing valves (PRV) shall automatically reduce a higher inlet pressure
to a steady lower downstream pressure regardless of changing flow rate and/or varying
inlet pressure. They shall also prevent slamming or water hammer through effective
cushioning devices. Each PRV shall incorporate an orifice/strainer block and a plugged
outlet on the downstream end for measuring the reduced pressure.
Each PRV shall have a control accuracy of ± two and one-half percent (2½%) of
the preset reduced pressure value and shall have a drop tight shut-off, full face seating.
The PVR shall be hydraulically operated and of the self-contained differential piston or
pilot controlled diaphragm or piston type.
Setting of the controlled downstream pressure and its testing shall be done at the
factory. Field tests shall be carried out to confirm the controlled pressure. This
pressure is indicated on the Drawings. The maximum upstream pressure that the PVR
shall be able to reduce to the indicated downstream pressure shall not be less than ten
kilograms per square centimeter (10 kg/cm 2). The valve shall close drop tight when the
downstream pressure exceeds the inlet pressure.
The valve body brass or cast iron shall be tested at sixteen kilograms per square
centimeter (16 kg/cm2).
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The main valve shall be of the globe or angle type as specified. The pilot controls,
the trim or both main valve and pilot controls and all springs shall be of stainless steel
303. The diaphragm shall be of nylon reinforced Buna-N.
Internal coating shall consist of epoxy resin.
One (1) portable pressure gauge suitable for fitting to the plugged outlet shall be
supplied with every batch of 25 PRV or fraction thereof exceeding twelve (12) units.
The number of pressure gauges thus supplied shall not be less than two (2) nor shall
it exceed five (5) units. Pressure gauges shall comply with the Specifications set forth
elsewhere in these General Specifications.
8.02.2.5.8 Remote Controlled Pressure Reducing Valves (RCPRV).
Remote Controlled Pressure Reducing Valves shall be solenoid valves each

provided with a pressure reducing module. Performance is similar to the pressure
reducing valve specified elsewhere in these General Specifications.
8.02.2.5.9 Pressure Relief Check Valves (Pump Control Valves).
This valve shall operate to automatically maintain a constant maximum system

pressure, regardless of varying demand rates, by relieving excess pressure to pump
suction. It shall also control excess pressure within the system and prevent back flow
in case of pressure reversal.
The valve shall operate when the system pressure exceeds a certain preset
maximum. This maximum pressure shall be coordinated with the pump characteristics,
particularly the shut-off head, to avoid over-heating of the pump motor at low demands.
The valve shall have a control accuracy of plus or minus two and one-half percent
(± 2.5 %) of the preset maximum system pressure and shall have a drop tight shut-off
whenever the system pressure is below the preset relief pressure. Setting of the relief
pressure and its testing shall be done at the factory. Field tests shall be carried out to
conform the relief pressure.
The main valve shall be of the globe type as specified. The pilot controls, the trim
of both main valve and pilot controls and all springs shall be of stainless steel 303. The
diagram shall be of nylon reinforced Buna-N.
Internal coating shall consist of epoxy resin.
8.02.2.5.10 Air Valves.
1. General.
Valves shall have cast iron body and bolted cover to BS 1452 Grade 14 minimum,
rubber outlet seat, plastic or ebonite ball, forged bronze screws and guide for ball
acting under pressure. Valves shall be of the dynamic type where there is no
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possibility of the ball being drawing into the orifice due to high air velocities. Valves
shall be factor tested to sixteen kilograms per square centimeter (16 kg/cm2).
Air valves shall be isolated from the mainline with a brass or gunmetal male
screwed stop valve.
2. Combination air valves shall be used for relieving air under vacuum or pressure
and in bulk and shall consist of a large orifice to release or admit air during charging or
emptying of mains and of a small orifice to release air accumulated at summits of mains
under pressure. The large orifice area shall be equal to or greater than inlet of valve.
Each combination air valve shall be fitted with nitrile rubber lined butterfly valve with
nylon coated disc on stainless steel shaft operated by lever handle with indicator and
locking thumb screw.
3. Air and Vacuum Valves.
Type I (large orifice) shall be used for releasing or admitting air during filling or
emptying of pipes.
Type II (small orifice) shall be used for automatically releasing, under pressure,
accumulated air at summits of mains and where necessary at gradient changes.
8.02.2.5.11 Penstocks.
Penstocks shall be of sluice gate type to AWWA C501 non-rising stem having a
faced back, studded for connecting to the discharge pipe flange and suitable for on-
seating pressure with conventional closure and circular aperture. The stem shall be a
continuous single piece - no couplings will be allowed.
Unless otherwise specified on the Drawings, any of the materials listed in Section
2 of the AWWA Standard may be used in manufacture except that materials identified
as being subject to dezincification or dealumination are not to be used.
Sluice gates are to be operated by a handwheel without gears. Maximum

operating head from surface of water to centerline of gate will not exceed ten (10)
millimeters.
A leakage test, meeting the requirements of Section 6.3 of the AWWA Standard,
is to be carried out at the factory on all sluice gates and test certificates and results
shall be supplied in triplicate.
Surfaces of castings shall be factory protected as specified for cast iron valves.
8.02.2.5.12 Jointing Materials.
Gaskets shall be elastomeric full face three (3) millimeters thick joint rings to BS
2494 with dimensions to BS 3063.
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Rings shall be elastomeric to BS 2494. Dimensions as per manufacturer's

recommendation to suit type of joint required.
Bolts and nuts shall be ISO metric black hexagon to BS 4190, minimum tensile
strength 433 KN per square meter maximum elongation seventeen percent (17%).
After fixing bolt projection is to be maximum six millimeters, minimum three (3)
millimeters.
Washers shall be black steel to BS 4320.
8.02.2.5.13 GRP Valve Boxes. GRP valve boxes are to be designed to suit the
site conditions and loadings.
The glass reinforced plastic is to be manufactured from E-glass type fibers and
thermosetting resin and is to incorporate a corrosion resistant liner. The glass fibers
are to be compatible with the resins used. The liner is to comprise an inner face being
a smooth hard suitably reinforced resin rich layer. The exterior surface of the valve box
is to be resin rich.
The inside surface of each valve box is to be hard, durable, free of tackiness and
free of bulges, dents, ridges or other defects that result in a variation of inside
dimensions of more than three (3) millimeters from that obtained in adjacent unaffected
portions of the surface.
No glass fiber reinforcement is to penetrate the interior surface of the valve box
wall, and any glass fiber reinforcement on the exterior surface must be thoroughly
impregnated with resin.
The glass content will be determined by ignition loss analysis in accordance with
Method D 2584 or ISO Recommendation R 11172.
8.02.2.5.14 Plastic Valve Boxes. Plastic valve boxes are to be high impact
resistant, acid resistant, high resistance to heat, self extinguishing, hard, durable, low
coefficient of expansion PVC compound.
Valve boxes are to be designed to suit the site conditions and loadings.
8.02.2.5.15 Valve Accessories.
1. Handwheels.
Handwheels shall be to BS 5163, cast iron to BS 1452 Grade 10. Handwheels

shall be marked "CLOSE" with an arrow to indicate clockwise direction of closure.
Diameters and other construction details shall be to the manufacturer's standards. One
(1) handwheel shall be supplied for each hand operated valve in pumping stations.
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2. Valve Caps and Operation Keys.
Valve caps shall be to BS 5163, cast iron or malleable iron to BS 1452 grade 12
or BS 310 respectively. Set screws of valve caps shall be mild steel M12.
Operation keys shall be of the combination prising bar and lifting key type, one
and one-half (1.5) meter vertical bar, one-half (0.5) meter horizontal bar. Keys shall be
supplied at rate of one (1) for every five (5) valves with a minimum of three (3) and a
maximum of ten (10).
3. Extension Spindles for Gate Valves.
Extension spindles shall be to BS 2470 - M12, hot dip galvanized to BS 1387, size
18 x 18 millimeters for valves up to two hundred (200) millimeter diameter and 24 x 24
millimeters for valves two hundred (250) millimeters to four hundred (400) millimeters
diameter. Length, for each valve size shall suit excavation requirements. Spindles
shall have cast iron or malleable iron caps and couplings to BS 1452 grade 12 and BS
310 respectively, on both ends of extension spindles (cap for operating spindle and
coupling for connecting to valve). Set screws of caps and couplings shall be mild steel
M12.
4. Protection Tubes.
Protection tubes shall be either uPVC or cast iron. Shape, sizes and other
construction details shall be to manufacturer's standards and/or as shown on the
Drawings. Tubes shall have caps encircling extension spindles.
5. Surface Boxes.
Surface boxes shall be to BS 1426. Frames and lids shall be cast iron to BS 1452
Grade 10. Studs, bolts, nuts and hinge pins shall be mild steel M12. Chains shall be
mild steel or wrought iron. Lids shall be of the medium grade type B.
Lifting keys shall be malleable iron, supplied at the rate of one (1) per five (5)
covers.
8.02.2.5.16 Workmanship.
Prior to installation, valves shall be inspected for cleanliness of bore, seating

surfaces, etc., and for handling damage, cracks, missing parts and tightness of
pressure containing bolting.
Valves, gates and hydrants shall be in closed position before installation.
Valves and hydrants shall be operated through one (1) complete opening and
closing cycle in the position in which they are to be installed to ensure proper
functioning.
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8.02.2.5.17 Installation.
1. Valves. Valves shall be set and jointed to pipe in the manner specified for
laying and jointing pipe and/or to manufacturer's instructions.
Each valve shall be provided with concrete pad as shown on the Drawings so that
the pipe does not support the weight of the valve.
Valves shall not be used to bring misaligned pipe into alignment during installation.
All pressure-containing bolting (bonnet, seal plate and end connections) shall be
inspected for adequate tightness after installation but prior to field testing.
2. Penstocks. For each penstock, the wall thimble, operating mechanism, stem
and stem guides shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's drawings and
recommendations. Tolerances between seating faces shall be maintained and any
warping avoided.
Tapped holes in thimbles shall be protected during concreting and setting.
Surfaces of thimbles and gates shall be protected from concrete spillage, paint,
oil and debris. Thimbles shall be supported to prevent shifting during pouring and
braced horizontally and vertically to prevent distortion.
Nuts shall be tightened in sequence after setting.
The entire assembly shall be cleaned, adjusted and lubricated after installation.
Penstocks shall be operated through one (1) complete cycle on installation to
ensure proper functioning.
8.02.2.5.18 Field Protection.
Valves shall be protected against the action of external agents by a coat of

approved bituminous compound, applied cold by brush after pressure tests on pipelines
have been completed.
Penstocks shall be protected against action of external agents with one coat of
approved bituminous compound applied cold by brush after installation.
Buried bolts shall be protected against corrosion, with approved paint or by

polyethylene wrapping.
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8.02.2.6 Irrigators.
8.02.2.6.1 Irrigation Program Controllers.
The irrigation program controller shall be of the computer type capable of fully
automatic or manual operation of the system. It shall be housed, as required, in either
a pedestal mounted or a wall mounted corrosion proof and weatherproof lockable
cabinet. The cabinet shall have a reset circuit breaker to protect it from power overload.
The controller shall be capable of operating the number of stations indicated in the
Bill of Quantities. Each station shall be capable of controlling three (3) No. 24 volt AC
remote control or remote control pressure reducing valves and shall have a time setting
control capable of being set for one-tenth (0.1) hour increments from zero (0) to nine
and nine-tenths (9.9) hours unless otherwise specifically indicated or set to omit the
station from the irrigation cycle.
The controller shall have a selector for not less than an eight (8) day program for
each station with up to twenty-three (23) start times per day on each program.
The controller shall have a switch for fully automatic or manual operation or to
allow valve power output to be interrupted without affecting the controller timers.
The controller shall have a remote pump start circuit to activate a remote pump
start relay to run the pump during the irrigation cycle. The controller shall allow for
opening the first remote control valve before operating the pump and also for closing
the last remote control valve within fifteen (15) seconds after stopping the pump. The
controller shall be suitable for receiving controlled signals from a remote computer-
assisted control center (through an interface to be installed at a later date by others) to
supervise the operation of the remote control valves.
8.02.2.6.2 Spray Heads (for spray and stream spray).

Each spray head shall be of the fixed, non-rotating spray or stream spray type and
adaptable for full circle or part circle wetting patterns. It shall be made of rugged brass
or durable heat resistant plastic as determined in the Bill of Quantities and suitable for
rough handling.
The spray nozzles shall be so manufactured as to provide a precise and uniform

spray pattern at the specified pressure and precipitation rate.
Spray head discharge rate, spray radius and operating nozzle pressure are
indicated on the Drawings.
- Shrub spray heads, shall be installed at a fixed height above the finished ground
level as indicated on the Drawings.
- Grass spray heads shall be of the pop-up type that retract flush with the finished
ground level when out of operation. During operating, the net pop-up height shall
be fifteen (15) centimeters. The pop-up extension shall be totally enclosed - when
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out of operation - in a sealed plastic tube, and shall be so designed as to prevent

intrusion of debris, and its possible clogging or jamming.
The Contractor shall provide the test results carried out at the factory
substantiating the required performance (discharge and radius of throw at the
prescribed operating pressure and height above ground) and giving the actual
precipitation rate and its uniformity as obtained from the uniformity test carried out using
catch cans. The uniformity test shall be carried out on single spray heads selected at
the rate of one (1) out of every batch of one thousand (1000) spray heads.
The tested spray heads shall be so labelled and shall accompany the test results.
Every shipment of spray heads shall be accompanied by a statement from the

manufacturer certifying that the spray heads are manufactured in accordance with and
meet the requirements of the Specification and are similar to the tested spray heads.
The Contractor shall include in his rates for carrying out single uniformity tests on
a maximum of two (2) spray heads per shipment selected by the Engineer for every
type of spray head at an independent testing organization approved by the Engineer.
If the results of these tests prove to be in discordance with the results supplied by the
manufacturer, as the Engineer may judge, testing shall be carried out on another four
(4) spray heads at the Contractor's expense. Failure of any of these spray heads to
meet the manufacturer's results will be cause for rejection of the whole shipment.
8.02.2.6.3 Bubblers. Bubblers shall be of either the adjustable flow type or the
pressure compensating type, both constructed of hard durable heat resistant plastic.
The discharge rate and operating pressure shall be as indicated on the Drawings. The
bubblers shall have an inlet screen.
The adjustable flow bubbler shall be provided with a tamper proof adjusting brass
screw that allows throttling the flow down to complete shut-off.
The pressure compensating bubbler shall consist of an integral rubber device that
automatically modulates pressure and discharges the specified flow at varying
operating pressure conditions, within the range of one (1) to five (5) kilograms per
square centimeter.
8.02.2.6.4 Hose Bibs. Hose bibs shall be twenty-five (25) millimeters (one (1)
inch) brass bib taps to BS 1010 with stepped tapered hose connections, as shown on
the Drawings.
8.02.2.6.5 Drip Emitters and Tubing.
8.02.2.6.6 Polyethylene Tubing and Fittings.
Polyethylene manifold pipe and fittings shall be in accordance with BS 1972, low
density Type 32 and shall be Class C (nine kilograms per square centimeter (9 kg/cm 2).
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Pipe shall have welded or compression fittings to BS 864 Part 3, such that thrust
blocks are not required.
Polyethylene tubing for use as drip lateral shall be extruded from virgin low density
polyethylene resin, free of splits and kinds and resistant to stress cracking and rolling.
The working pressure shall be three kilograms per square centimeter (3 kg/cm2).
Drip lateral fittings shall be sturdy and durable construction with minimum flow
resistance. Couplings shall be of the compression type. Connection of lateral to
manifold shall be achieved using compression fittings or insert barbs with external
retaining champs or collars. The fitting shall attache to the manifold by solvent cement
for uPVC and by threaded connection or rubber grommet for polyethylene. Ends of
laterals shall be folded over and held in place by a slide collar.
8.02.2.6.7 Emitters. The emitter shall be of the multi outlet pressure

compensating type. It shall be of the continuous flushing type. The number of outlets
is as indicated on the drawings. Each outlet shall be individually chambered for uniform
flow. The pressure compensating feature shall be separate for each outlet and shall
allow the emitter to operate over the pressure range specified on the drawings with a
pressure - discharge response allowing a constant discharge over the operating
pressure range.
The emitter body shall be constructed of durable heat resistant plastic suitable for
direct burial or exposed application. Outlets shall have an internal barb appropriate for
the diameter of the distribution tubing.
Flow regulating diaphragm shall be of high consistency silicone resistant to dilute

Hydrochloric and Sulfuric acids. Flow orifices shall be able to pass one hundred fifty
(150) mesh particles and bioslime produced by soil-borne organisms.
8.02.2.7 Construction Requirements.
8.02.2.7.1 Earthworks.
1. Excavation. Excavation shall not be commenced on any section of work until

a full supply of pipes and fittings is available on site for that section.
Trench width up to three hundred (300) millimeters above crown of pipe shall not
exceed the following:
- for pipes not exceeding sixty-five (65) millimeters diameter: three hundred (300)
millimeters.
- for pipes over sixty-five (65) millimeters and not exceeding five hundred (500)
millimeters diameter: nominal diameter plus four hundred fifty (450) millimeters.
- for pipes over five hundred (500) millimeters diameter: nominal diameter plus six
hundred (600) millimeters.
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Where required by the Engineer, and due to excavation being taken wider than
specified, the Contractor shall provide at no additional cost an increased pipe strength
or additional pipe protection.
Where excavations have been taken deeper than required, the Contractor shall
bear the cost of this excessive excavation and its backfill with the required Subsection
5.03.9, "Concrete for Minor Structures" in these General Specifications unless
otherwise instructed.
Excavation with battered sides shall not be permitted in public highways, private
gardens or within thirty (30) meters of any building or other structure.
Embankments and other areas of fill shall be filled and compacted as specified to
a height of at least six hundred (600) millimeters above top of pipe before trench is
excavated.
Excavation in existing pavements shall be executed carefully and to minimum

widths. Methods which will give a straight and vertical face shall be used. Pavement
shall be maintained at original level.
In common trenches and where one (1) pipe is at a lower level than an adjacent
pipe in a common trench, the following shall apply:
- a sub-trench is permissible provided soil is stable.
- if a sub-trench is not permissible, the whole trench shall have a depth related
to the lower pipe, with increased thickness of bedding to upper pipe as
necessary.
- lower pipe shall be backfilled with thoroughly compacted granular material up

to a level not less than half way up the higher pipe.
2. Formation of Beds.
Excavation shall be carried out immediately before laying beds or pipes.
Unstable material, rock projections, boulders and hard spots shall be removed and
replaced with approved filling material, well consolidated.
Local soft spot shall be hardened by tamping in bedding material.
In rock, excavation shall be carried out to two hundred (200) millimeters below bed
level and replaced with granular material or Subsection 5.03.9, "Concrete for Minor
Structures" in these General Specifications as directed.
Excavated subsoil required for backfilling shall be stock-piled in temporary spoil

heaps along sides of excavations or elsewhere on the Site as instructed.
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3. Bedding Materials.
Bedding shall be placed as indicated on the Drawings. Materials for bedding shall
consist of the following, the appropriate type to use being indicated on the Drawings:
- Graded aggregates - granular material

for pipes not exceeding one hundred (100) millimeters diameter: graded
fourteen (14) millimeters to five (5) millimeters with not more than twenty
percent (20%) passing five (5) millimeter sieve.
for pipes over one hundred (100) millimeters and not exceeding one thousand
two hundred (1200) millimeters diameter: graded twenty (20) millimeters to five
(5) millimeters with not more than twenty percent (20%) passing five (5)
millimeter sieve.
- Nominal single - sized aggregates - granular material

for pipes not exceeding one hundred (100) millimeters diameter: ten (10)
millimeter size.
for one hundred fifty (150) millimeter diameter pipe: ten (10) or fourteen (14)
millimeter size.
for two hundred (200) millimeter diameter pipe and over: ten (10), fourteen (14)
or twenty (20) millimeter size.
- Sand.
Sound, clean, uncontaminated granular material, uniformly graded from three

(3) millimeter maximum size, free from organic and deleterious matter, not
containing more than ten percent (10%) by weight of clay or silt individually or
in combination.
- Concrete Bedding, Surrounds, Arches and Haunches
In-situ concrete Subsection 5.03.9 "Concrete for Minor Structures" in these

General Specifications.
4. Workmanship.
Granular bedding shall be placed in bottom of prepared trench and carefully hand
tamped to minimum thicknesses. After pipe has been laid, additional material or
haunching shall be placed in successive layers not exceeding one hundred fifty (150)
millimeters thick on both sides simultaneously. Spaces between pipe and side of trench
shall be completely filled and carefully hand tamped without disturbing pipe.
Concrete as required shall be placed after pipe is placed, and shall be worked
under pipe and joint on both sides to provide a solid and uniform bedding.
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Vertical construction joints shall be formed in concrete beds, surrounds, etc., at

face of pipe joints with compressible board and shall be finished to profile of concrete
and pipe. Any gap between spigot and socket shall be filled with approved resilient
material.
5. Backfilling.
Materials shall be as specified on the Drawings.
Initial backfill shall be brought to the level indicted on the Drawings by laying and
hand compacting in one hundred fifty (150) millimeter layers.
Final backfill, unless otherwise specified, shall be material excavated from the
trench, laid and well compacted in layers not exceeding three hundred (300) millimeters
thick. Use of heavy compactors shall not be allowed until there is six hundred (600)
millimeters cover over pipes.
When backfilling to pipes with concrete beds and surrounds, the following shall be
observed:
- Backfilling shall not be started within twenty-four (24) hours of placing concrete.
- Heavy compactors and traffic loads shall be prevented within seventy-two (72)
hours of placing concrete.
Temporary bridges shall be provided over trenches to prevent construction traffic

damaging pipes after backfilling.
Where pipelines are laid in planted areas the upper forty-five hundredths (0.45)
meters backfilling shall be of Agricultural soil.
6. Reinstatement.
Reinstatement of asphalt, concrete and gravel pavements and the like shall be
with materials and to thicknesses to match the existing pavement. Materials and
workmanship shall be in accordance with local authority requirements and as directed
by the Engineer.
Existing pavement shall be made good and new pavement shall be the same level
and profile as the existing to provide a uniform surface.
In unsurfaced areas, surface of trench and any adjoining disturbed areas shall be
graded after backfilling to provide a level, smooth surface.
Reinstatement of surfaces shall be started as soon after completion of other work

as is practicable, but in no case more than ten (10) days after backfilling of trenches
and other excavated areas and shall be completed within a further twenty (20) days.
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For road crossings reinstatement shall be initiated within twenty-four (24) hours of
backfilling.
Any settlement shall be made good by the Contractor to the Engineer's

satisfaction.
8.02.2.7.2 Pipe Laying and Jointing.
1. General.
Pipes shall not be lowered into trench until the pipe bed has been brought to
correct grade and approved.
Pipes two hundred fifty (250) millimeters in diameter and smaller may be lowered
into the trench by sliding, using two (2) ropes. Lowering shall be done using ropes, wire
slings, band slings, spreader beams, etc., as recommended by the manufacturer for
each type of pipe.
Before laying, pipes shall be carefully examined for damage, and tested for
soundness in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Damaged lining or
coating shall be made good or the material disposed of as directed.
Dirt and foreign mater shall be removed before lowering and construction debris
shall be cleared from the inside of each pipe before jointing.
Pipes shall be laid on even formation true to grade and line with sockets (where
applicable) facing up the gradient.
Bedding shall be scooped out locally to allow proper jointing and for the barrel of
each pipe to bear evenly on solid ground over its full length.
After field testing, further granular material shall be laid and compacted in one
hundred (100) millimeter layers to levels shown on the Drawings.
Where pipe is to be laid on a concrete bed or surround, rectangular blocks of

Concrete for Minor Structures made in approved molds at least fourteen (14) days
before use, shall be provided at the rate of two (2) blocks for each pipe. The blocks
shall then be set and boned to the correct level on the formation bottom and the pipe
shall then be properly centered and socketed. Two (2) approved hardwood folding
wedges of width equal to width of concrete block shall be inserted between the body
of pipe and block and driven together until pipe is brought to the exact level required.
Blocks and wedges shall be left undisturbed while pipes are being jointed and concrete
bed or surround is being placed. The blocks and wedges shall be of sufficient size and
strength to prevent settlement of pipes. Sufficient space shall be left to enable joints
to be made, tested and inspected.
When pipe laying is not in progress, open ends of pipes shall be closed with
properly fitted temporary wooden plugs or standard caps as directed.
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2. Jointing.
Manufacturer's instructions shall be followed regarding cleanliness of joint

surfaces, lubricant or solvent used, correct location of components, provision of correct
gaps between end of spigot and back of socket for flexible joints, etc.
Flexible joints shall not be deflected beyond maximum permissible angles given
by manufacturer and/or relevant standard, whichever is less.
Special instructions issued by a manufacturer of proprietary joints - e.g. patent

detachable flexible joints - shall be strictly complied with when laying and jointing.
Different pipe and fitting materials shall be jointed with appropriate adaptors as
recommended by the pipe manufacturer.
Unless otherwise detailed on the Drawings, joints on spigot and socket pipes other
than plastic pipes shall be flexible and sealed with a rubber ring or flexible gasket which
shall be approved by the Engineer's Representative and shall withstand the various
tests specified herein for pipelines. For pipes up to and including sixty-seven and one-
half (67.5) millimeters nominal bore, the joints shall be capable of withstanding a
deflection of not less than one and one-half degrees (1.5 o) in any direction and for pipes
over sixty-seven and six-tenths (67.6) millimeters nominal bore, one half degree (½o)
in any direction. All pipes shall be capable of withstanding a "draw" of thirteen (13)
millimeters over and above the initial jointing allowance. The initial jointing allowance
is the gap between the spigot and the shoulder of the socket measured parallel to the
center line of the pipeline and shall not be less than six (6) millimeters or greater than
thirteen (13) millimeters.
3. Line and Gradient.
In open excavation, sight rails and boning rods properly painted shall be provided
and maintained to ensure correct alignment of pipe runs. Sight rails shall be positioned
either vertically above the lines of pipes or immediately adjacent thereto. At no time
during pipe laying shall there be less than three (3) sight rails in position on each length
of pipeline to one (1) gradient.
A uniform gradient shall be achieved between consecutive air valves and/or

washouts.
4. Thrust Blocks.
At every fitting causing a change in the direction of flow, the Contractor shall
construct a thrust block of Subsection 5.03.9 "Concrete for Minor Structures" in these
General Specifications to the dimensions shown on the Drawings.
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Thrust blocks shall be provided for fittings of one hundred (100) millimeters in
diameter and over unless the manufacturer recommends thrust blocks for smaller
diameters giving the corresponding details and dimensions.
The additional excavation required to obtain a firm thrust face against undisturbed
soil shall be made after the pipeline has been jointed. The concrete for the thrust block
shall be placed the same day as the excavation is carried out.
No pressure is to be applied to thrust blocks until the concrete has matured for at
least three (3) days.
5. Floatation.
Where flotation of pipes may occur due to floodwater or otherwise, water shall be
excluded from the interior of the pipe and sufficient backfill shall be placed above the
pipe to prevent its flotation. Open trenches shall be kept clear of water.
Any pipe that has floated shall be removed and its bedding shall be corrected prior
to relaying.
6. Pipes Built into Structures.
The outside surfaces of pipes to be built-in shall be cleaned immediately before

installation. Protective coatings to metal pipes shall be removed as ordered. Plastic
pipes shall be painted with appropriate solvent cement and sprinkled with dry coarse
sand while wet.
Two (2) flexible joints or flexible patented joints shall be provided adjacent to
structures. The first joint shall be placed not more than one (1) pipe diameter from the
face of structure and the second not more than the following distances away from the
first:
- Two (2) pipe diameters or six hundred (600) millimeters minimum for pipe
diameters not exceeding four hundred fifty (450) millimeters.
- One and two-tenths (1.2) meters for pipe diameters over four hundred fifty (450)
and not exceeding one thousand (1000) millimeters.
8.02.3 MECHANICAL PLANT
8.02.3.1 Scope. The Mechanical Plant covers all mechanical equipment relevant to
the pumping station and water tanks, including pumping units, flow meters, extract fans,
control equipment, etc., that are not covered elsewhere in these General Specifications.
The pumping station is intended for the operation of the irrigation system and shall
be able to supply the design flow at the required discharge head.
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The specified duty of the pumping units is based on providing the reduced pressure
levels specified for the downstream end of the pressure reducing valves with a safety
margin of ten percent (10%) of the required pressure. The supplied pumping units shall
be able to actually provide these reduced pressure and safety margins. It is the
Contractor's responsibility to check the specified duty of the pumping units against the
actual hydraulic characteristics of the supplied valves, pipes and fittings taking into
consideration the final elevations of all components and to modify this duty, if need be,
prior to ordering the pumping units and after approval of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall coordinate the operation of all equipment and controls to ensure
the adequate running of the system.
8.02.3.2 Labels, Tags and Charts. Equipment, instruments, controls, electrical

devices, valves, etc., shall be labelled in both the Arabic and English languages as to
duty, service or function. Labels shall be of ivorine with black surface, white incised
lettering, and attached to equipment or to adjacent permanent surfaces in an approved
manner.
Aluminum tags (fifty (50) millimeters diameter, one and one-half (1.5) millimeters
thick) with stamped filled with black print and provided with heavy aluminum or brass
hooks and chains shall be provided in lieu of labels wherever the latter cannot easily
identify the equipment.
Charts indicating the schedules for equipment lubrication, maintenance and essential
operating instructions shall be prepared, mounted on protected wooden plaques or six
(6) millimeter Masonite boards, covered with heat bonded clear plastic laminate or
framed under glass. These charts shall be permanently fixed with four (4) brass screws
at approved locations to the approval of the Engineer.
Prior to preparing labels and tags, a schedule shall be submitted for approval,
showing the equipment to be labelled or tagged with suggested nomenclature.
Similarly a draft of the charts shall be submitted for approval.
8.02.3.3 Workmanship Generally. Work shall be executed in accordance with the

conditions of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IME) of Britain and with
equipment fully accessible for operation, maintenance and repair.
Manufacturer's recommendations on handling, loading, unloading, installing, testing

and other works shall be strictly followed.
The Contractor shall submit for approval a statement giving details of the proposed
method of installation prior to commencing installation.
Machinery shall be mounted on steel packings ground flat on both sides. Packing
thickness shall be so selected as to take up variations in concrete foundation level.
Packing shall be bedded by chipping or grinding concrete surfaces. One (1) steel
packing shall be used at each location adjacent to each holding down bolt.
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Machinery shall be aligned, levelled and secured by holding down bolts.
8.02.3.4 Equipment and Materials Generally. Should any equipment prove

unsatisfactory or not in compliance with the Specification and the Drawings, such
equipment shall be corrected, repaired or replaced at no extra expense to the
Employer. Subsequent tests shall be carried out until equipment is proved to fulfil
specified requirements to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Each piece of equipment shall have a certified nameplate at a conspicuous location,

permanently attached at the factory, printed or stamped clearly with the name and
address of the manufacturer, equipment model number, serial number, date of
manufacture, electrical characteristics, performance rating or duty, pressure,
temperature, or other limitations and other pertinent data.
Bearings shall be rated and sized to ensure satisfactory and stable running without
vibration under all conditions of operation for a minimum life of one hundred thousand
(100,000) hours running. They shall be lubricated and protected from ingress or
moisture and sand and from the climatic conditions prevalent at the site. Bearings shall
be to ISO standard SI unit dimensions where practicable.
Lubrication of bearings, etc. shall be by either splash or forced systems. Oil cooling
facilities shall be provided as necessary. The machinery supplier shall ensure the
lubricant used for initial filling and specified in the maintenance manual is adequate for
prolonged operation in the specified ambient temperatures without overheating.
The plant shall be designed to minimize routine lubrication. Lubrication intervals of

not less than seven (7) days are considered acceptable. Type of lubricant and intervals
of lubrication for each individual item of plant shall be entered on a working schedule,
forming part of the Operation and Maintenance Literature. A list of recommended
lubricants and their equivalents shall be entered in the Operation and Maintenance
Literature.
Flexible couplings shall be rated to cover full range of duty, and shall be of the
flexible multi pin and bush type having not less than six (6) bushes and each having an
inner sleeve to allow rotation on the pin (bushes shall not be in direct contact with pin).
Pins shall have shoulders for positive location and securing to bosses. Bosses shall
fit tight on the shafts and shall be secured with hand fitted keys.
Couplings shall be supplied in matching balanced sets and shall be machined,

balanced and marked before leaving the manufacturer's works.
Unless otherwise specified, flanges and connections provided on equipment and

associated piping shall be to BS 4504: Table 10.
Fixing bolts used for fixing steel to concrete shall be ordered and supplied with the
equipment and are to be self-drilling anchor bolts. Bolts, nuts and washers which will
be totally or periodically submerged shall be stainless steel unless otherwise specified
or shown on the Drawings.
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Electrical work shall comply with the appropriate requirements of the ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATIONS Section of this General Specification.
Pipework, fittings, valves and other products not specifically mentioned shall comply
with the appropriate requirements of the PIPING AND APPURTENANCES Section of
this General Specification.
8.02.3.5 Spares. The Contractor shall provide spares suitable for a period of two (2)
years operation in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Contractor
shall hand-over these spares to the Ministry of Communications stores or as directed
upon the final handing-over of the works.
Lists of the spares for each pumping station shall accompany the Tender.
8.02.3.6 Pumping Units.
8.02.3.6.1 General.
1. Materials.
Materials for pumps shall be suitable for pump operating conditions and adequate
for total heads to which pumps are subjected. Corrosion resistant materials shall be
used. Assembly arrangements shall include isolation of dissimilar metals to avoid
galvanic interaction.
Pumps shall have factory plugged connections for casing vents, drains and
suction and discharge pressure gauges. Pumps shall have shaft packing or mechanical
seals compatible with pump design and nature of liquid pumped in accordance with
manufacturer's recommendations or as specified.
Impellers and rotating assemblies shall be statically and dynamically balanced at

the factory.
Packing rings shall be installed in alternate layers to staggered ninety degrees

(90o). Packing shall be tightened to seal while permitting the prescribed amount of
leakage for lubrication.
Operating characteristics, pump point of specified flow and head shall fall near the
point of maximum efficiency as obtained from manufacturer's published data. The
pump shall be able to supply in head not exceeding fifty percent (50%) of the range
between specified and shut-off heads.
Horse power rating of pump drive motor shall ensure non-overloading of motor
throughout capacity range of pump for impeller diameter selected.
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Electric motors shall be suitable for the available electric voltage and frequency.
Motor speeds shall not exceed one thousand seven hundred fifty (1750) RPM for the
sixty (60) Hz.
Pumps shall be provided from the factory complete with electric motors mounted
on a common cast iron or steel base and properly aligned.
2. Installation.
Pumps and motor base shall be supported where applicable on an isolated

reinforced concrete foundation as detailed on the Drawings and shall be aligned and
level throughout their length and width.
Piping shall be supported independently of pump connections.
Drains for packing glands and machine bases shall be piped to the nearest floor
drain or sump.
Before operation the Contractor shall ensure that the pump is properly lubricated,
rotating element rotates freely by hand, casing is vented and full of water, direction of
rotation is correct, strainer is clean and suction and discharge valves are open.
3. Shop Drawings.
Shop drawings shall be submitted for each pump for approval prior to shipment
from the factory as follows:
- Certified performance curves showing job number, customer and customer

order number, pump designation number shown on the Drawings, date of
manufacture, model number, pump size, impeller diameter pump can
accommodate, speed, flow-head characteristic curve, consumed horsepower
curve, pump efficiency curve and NPSH curve.
- Pump cross-sectional drawings showing major components with parts numbers

and parts list.
- Pump outline dimensional drawing showing overall dimensions, location of

foundation bolt holes and sizes, location and rating of suction and discharge
nozzles.
- Recommended list of spare parts.
- Installation, operation and maintenance instruction manual.
- Details and wiring diagrams of factory supplied pump controllers, starters,

controls or other electrical devices or accessories.
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- Special instructions for field installation and connection of each factory or field
supplied electrical device, control or accessory.
4. Shop Tests.
Certified results of shop tests made by the manufacturer for each pump shall be
submitted, prior to shipment from the factory, as follows:
- Performance test throughout capacity range of pump with specified design

operating point clearly indicated on the pump flow-head characteristic curve.
- Hydrostatic pressure test to one and one-half (1½)times the shut-off pressure
of the pump.
The pump test report shall include the following information:
- Pump data: pump designation number shown on the Drawings, model number,
serial number, customer order number, flow, suction and discharge pressures,
shut-off pressure, speed, and brake horsepower.
- Motor data: make, type, model number, serial number, horsepower rating,
speed, voltage, phase, frequency, class of insulation, allowable temperature
rise, full load amperes, locked rotor amperes and actual voltage and amperes
at all test points.
- Starter data: make, model number, size, heater size, ampere rating, line
voltage, control voltage and frequency.
8.02.3.6.2 Split Case Horizontal Pumping Unit.
1. Pump.
Pump shall be base mounted, double suction, single stage, centrifugal type,
directly connected to motor through a heavy duty flexible coupling, with heavy gauge
coupling guard.
Pump casing shall be high tensile strength alloy case iron, designated for a
working pressure of sixteen kilograms per square centimeter (16 kg/cm2), fitted with
easily removable bronze wear rings dowelled to casing. Casing shall be divided at the
horizontal centerline and the two (2) halves accurately machined, dowel aligned and
bolted together.
Impeller shall be bronze, enclosed double suction type, fastened to shaft by

stainless steel key and screw locked adjustable shaft sleeves.
Suction and discharge nozzles shall be of in-line piping design, cast integrally with
lower half of pump casing to allow rotating element to be removed without
disconnecting suction and discharge flanges.
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Shaft shall be high strength steel, sized to carry axial and radial thrust with
minimum deflection and protected against corrosion by full length bronze shaft sleeves.
Teflon gaskets shall be provided between impeller hub and shaft sleeves.
Pump rotating element shall be supported by two (2) heavy duty grease lubricated
ball bearings for both radial and thrust loads, mounted in machined moisture and
dustproof cast iron housings, bolted to pump casing with register fits to ensure
permanent alignment. Bearing housing supports shall be cast integrally with lower half
of pump casing. Bearings shall be provided with grease seals and water slingers to
protect bearings from contamination, and with easily accessible grease fittings for
positive bearing lubrication.
Mechanical seal shall be non-resist face, carbon washer and stainless steel parts.
Pump and motor shall be mounted on a common base reinforced against

deflection, with drip rim, drain tapping, bolt holes and grouting hole.
Impeller and pump outer casing shall be factory treated by shot blasting and
priming with epoxy. Casing shall then be given one (1) undercoat and one (1) top coat
of chlorinated rubber of approved color to three (3) mils thickness each coat.
2. Motor.
Motor shall be supplied by the manufacturer of the pumping equipment and shall
be specified for pump concerned and specifically rated for the available supply voltage
and frequency and for operational ambient temperature of fifty degrees Celsius (50 oC.).
Motor shall be to IEC 34 and shall have class F insulation. It shall be tropicalized
and derated for satisfactory operation.
Motor protection shall be not less than IP 54, to IEC 144.
Motor shall be sized to drive the pump without being overloaded throughout the
capacity range of the pump. Maximum continuous rating shall be not less than ten
percent (10%) above the calculated maximum power requirement. Efficiency and
power factor shall be high over a wide range of load conditions.
Motor shall be capable of delivering full rated power within voltage and frequency
fluctuations of plus or minus five percent (± 5%) of their value and for simultaneous
fluctuation of both within the specified range.
Starting and torque characteristics of the motor shall be as required by the driven
pump.
Motor shall be silent in operation, free from vibration. Rotors shall be perfectly
balanced both statically and dynamically. They shall run on ball or roller bearings with
the weight of the rotating unit carried out ball thrust bearings incorporated in the body.
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Noise level of pump-motor set in dBA at one (1) meter from the enclosure shall be
submitted prior to approval.
Terminal boxes shall be provided with suitable dimensions to accept incoming

cables with glands for PVC armored cable.
Final motor data shall be obtained from the equipment supplier and shall be
approved before any motor control center is ordered.
Motor nameplates shall be checked for full load current rating and allowable
temperature rise to select the proper overload heater element to be installed in each
starter.
8.02.3.6.3 Submersible Pumping Unit.
1. Pump.
The pump shall be of the submersible, centrifugal type that shall form with its
electric motor, one (1) single compact unit on a combined base and suction strainer.
A threaded discharge elbow shall form an integrally cast part of the pump casing. The
pump shall be provided with clamp for discharge pipe and with a watertight cable entry.
The pump shall be supplied from the factory complete with the necessary low level
cut-out switch, the electric control panel, all necessary lengths of durable multi-
conductor electric cables between the pump, level switch and control panel, special
holder for level switch and lifting chain.
The pump shall have cast iron casing, impeller, and motor starter housing. The
shaft and all bolts and nuts shall be stainless steel, the impeller shall be of bronze. The
pump shall have two (2) double face mechanical seals. An oil casing shall be provided
within the pump to lubricate and cool the seal rings. The pump shall be fitted with
bronze case wear rings and a bronze terminal cover.
The whole unit shall be externally finished in black, non-hardening, corrosion-

resistant, rubber-bitumen paint or in the manufacturer's standard finish, if approved by
the Engineer.
2. Motor.
The motor shall be as specified for the split case horizontal pumping unit except
that it shall be of the submersible type with a degree of protection not less than IP 68
to IEC 144.
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8.02.3.6.4 End Suction Centrifugal Pump.
1. Pump.
The end suction centrifugal pump shall be horizontal, base mounted, end suction,
single stage, centrifugal type, directly connected to the motor through a heavy duty
flexible coupling, with heavy gauge coupling guard.
The pump and motor shall be mounted on a common cast iron base adequately
reinforced against deflection, with drip rim, drain tapping, bolt holes and grouting hole.
The pump casing shall be high tensile strength close grain cast iron with smooth
waterways, register fitted and bolted to the bearing frame for permanent alignment. It
is to be fitted with bronze wear rings and with tapped and plugged bottom drain and top
vent connections.
The impeller shall be cast iron, bronze, stainless steel, enclosed type, fitted to
shaft with a key and locked in place.
The shaft shall be one (1) piece stainless steel, sized to carry axial and radial
thrust with minimum deflection.
The mechanical seal shall be Ni-resist face, carbon washer and stainless steel
metal parts.
The pump rotating element shall be supported by two (2) heavy duty grease
lubricated ball bearings mounted in a heavy iron frame with adequate supports to the
base for maximum rigidity.
2. Motor.
The electric motor shall be totally enclosed, drip-proof, squirrel cage, induction
type, with permanently lubricated and sealed ball bearings.
8.02.3.6.5 Motor Control Panel.
The motor control panel shall include, but not necessarily be limited to the
following:
1. Starters for the main and drainage pumps and for the exhaust fans.
2. Necessary control relays and timers
3. Indicating lamps for pump in operation and "TRIP" lamp for pump out of order
4. Rotary switches and relays
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5. Distribution equipment of the MCCB pattern including a main earth leakage

circuit breaker to give individual circuits for pumps, lighting and LV socket outlets,
ventilation fans, etc.
6. Triple pole hand operated isolating switch mechanically interlocked in front

door
7. Stop/start push buttons mounted on the front door
8. Accessories required for automatic operation of pumps as described
9. Interconnecting and interlock wiring.
The panel shall be complete with all wiring and fitting with fixed terminals suitably
identified for all incoming/outgoing cables.
The panel shall be a purpose made heavy gauge welded sheet steel
manufactured item with protection to IP 51 as a minimum category. The panel shall be
fully vermin proof, with non lift-off front door, concealed hinges, weatherproof and
tropicalized construction, baked-on enamel finish and wall mounted.
The pumping system shall be interlocked with the irrigation controller, pump
control valve and low level switches in the water tanks.
Pump shall be started and stopped by the irrigation program controllers. Level
switches shall override the irrigation program controller to stop pump at preset minimum
water level in the tank(s) through the motor control center.
The controls shall prevent the stand-by pump being started, even manually, when
the duty pump is operating.
Starting sequence of pumps shall be automatically alternated through the action

of the change-over relay in the motor control panel. In the event of a fault in one (1)
pump, the controls shall switch off the defective pump and start stand-by pump and put
on the TRIP lamp to indicate that pump is out of order. Means shall be provided for
permitting manual selection of duty and stand-by pumps.
All starters shall be fitted with circuit breakers rated for the necessary short circuit
protection. The protection shall be independent of the controller and overload
projection.
The control voltage for all starters and for all control circuits shall not be higher
than one hundred twenty (120) volts. Step-down control transformers shall have two
(2) windings and be of the isolating type. HRC fuses shall be used for control circuitry
protection. Auxiliary supply for controls other than from the main power circuit, shall be
effectively isolated by auxiliary contacts on a main isolator.
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Contactors for star-delta starters shall comply with IEC 292 and shall be type AC-
3.
Overload relays for starters shall be to IEC 292-1, and inherently compensated for
variations in ambient temperature.
Unless otherwise required by the driven system, magnetic starters shall be as

follows:
- Three (3) phase motors above fifteen (15) horse power (up to and including fifty
(50) horse power) starter shall be star-delta, non-reversing magnetic type, with a
3-pole overload relay, and one (1) adjustable low voltage relay.
- Three (3) phase motors above fifty (50) horse power, starter shall be reduced
voltage, auto-transformer type.
Unless otherwise required by the driven equipment all starters shall be provided
with the following control devices:
- Start-stop push buttons

- One red pilot light
- One green pilot light
- One blue "TRIP" light
- One reset push button.
It shall not be possible to open the enclosure door without putting the isolator in
the open position.
8.02.3.7 Pressure Switches. Each pump other than the sump drainage pumps,
shall be provided with an independent pressure switch that overrides the regular
operation of the pump to shut off the pump when the system pressure has exceeded
the setting of the pressure relief - check valve or pump control valve by the accuracy
range of this valve, and before it reaches the shut-off head of the pump.
This switch shall be as specified by the pump manufacturer.
8.02.3.8 Water Level Controls. Level controls shall be of the fixed electrode type.
The level controls shall override the regular operation of the pump and stop all
pumping when the minimum water level has been reached and shall also give audible
warning of high water level. The control panel mounted button to turn off the audible
warning shall also automatically reset the warning system to operate next time the
water level rises above full level.
Drainage pump shall be controlled by float switches.
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8.02.3.9 Electromagnet Flowmeters. Plant-mounting enclosures for signal

converters shall be to IEC 144, standard IP 65 or better. Rack mounting
enclosures shall be to IEC 144, standard IP 20 or better.
8.02.3.10 Pressure Gauges. Pressure gauges shall be to BS 1780, constructed

in stainless steel, bronze or other corrosion resistant material. No plastic materials
shall be used in construction.
Fixed pressure gauges shall be fitted with isolating valve. Gauges and transmitters
shall have over range protection.
Where compensation of more than two percent (2%) of the instrument span is
required for the difference in level between the instruments and the tapping point, the
reading shall be adjusted and the amount of compensation marked on the dial.
The sensitivity of the gauge shall be at least five-hundredths (0.05) bar. Every
pressure gauge whether forming part of the permanent works or supplied for used by
the Engineer's Representatives to test any item of the permanent works shall be
accompanied by a calibration and testing certificate from the manufacturer or from an
independent testing laboratory.
At each pressure gauge tapping point in pumping stations, a second tapping point
shall be provided to allow pressure measurement by an independent hand held
pressure gauge (for further re-calibration of the fixed gauge). One (1) hand held
pressure gauge shall be supplied unused in its original wrapping for each pumping
station.
8.02.3.11 Strainers. Size fifty (50) millimeter (two (2) inch) and smaller shall be
screwed Y-type, bronze body, one hundred fifty pounds per square inch (150 psi) steam
working pressure rating, with 20-mesh stainless steel screen and screwed cap with
one-half (½) inch tapped hole with blowdown valve installed.
Size sixty-five (65) millimeter (two and one-half (2½) inch) and larger shall be
flanged, basket type, cast iron body, one hundred twenty-three pounds per square inch
(123 psi) steam working pressure rating, with 20-mesh stainless steel basket screen,
bolted cap and three-fourths (3/4) inch tapped hole at the bottom with blowdown valve
installed.
8.02.3.12 Electrical Indicators and Integrators. Electrical indicators and

integrators shall be for use with analogue signal transmission systems and comply with
BS 89 with accuracy class index one (1.0). Indicator movements shall be critically
dampened (dead-beat).
Indicators shall have circular scales or shall be of the vertical edgewise type and
shall be designed to avoid parallax error. Scale shall be clearly marked in SI units and
shall comply with BS 3693. All instruments mounted on one (1) panel on board or in
adjacent groupings, shall have similar styles of figures and letters. Dials shall be white
with black scales and lettering, not subject to fading.
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The materials for scales shall be such that no peeling or discoloration will take place
with age under environmental conditions.
Major scale marks and numerals shall be of the same size and thickness and shall
be separated by more than twenty-five (25) minor marks. Pointers shall interpret to the
width of the minor scale marks.
Integrators shall be of the multi-digit cyclometer type. Each integrator shall have an
integral or separate current-to-pulse converter with sufficient adjustment of the pulse
rate to avoid the use of any multiplying factor except in integer power of ten (10). Each
integrator shall incorporate an adjustable limiter whereby any input below a preset value
is inoperative. Integrators shall have the number of digits shown on the appropriate
instrument data sheet. A decimal point shall be provided to the right of the units digit.
8.02.3.13 Fertilizer Injector Equipment. Fertilizer injection equipment shall be of

the Venturi type bypassed on the main pipeline and consist of a fertilizer tank with a
minimum capacity of one hundred kilograms (100 kg.) of dry chemical fertilizer, having
a hinged pressure-tight cover. The connections from the tank to the pipeline shall be
sized so as to allow twenty-five kilograms (25 kg.) of fertilizer to be dissolved and
dispersed in forty-five (45) minutes with normal pump operation.
All parts in contact with the fertilizer shall be in corrosion resistant material.
8.02.3.14 Axial In-Line Exhaust Fans. Axial in-line exhaust fans shall be direct
driven single stage cylindrical fans with bell-shaped inlets capable of changing air at the
rate shown on the Drawings. Housings shall be spun from heavy gauge aluminum or
hot-dip galvanized steel and be provided with heavy aluminum supporting brackets for
wall mounting. The impellers shall be aerofoil made of die-cast aluminum alloy. The
shaft shall be of hot rolled steel, ground polished and keyed to the wheel.
8.02.3.15 Roof Cowls. Roof cowls shall be of the spun dome type designed for roof
curb mounting. Relief vents shall be fully weatherproofed and of all aluminum
construction. All materials used in construction shall be solid non-ferrous.
The cowl cover shall be constructed of heavy gauge aluminum and shall comprise
a square spun hinged type dome. It shall be connected to the square curb with a
smooth spun venturi. The cowl cover shall be provided with wire mesh bird screen.
The damper shall be the multi-blade type.
8.02.3.16 Flexible Connectors. Flexible connectors shall be expansion joints of

the stainless steel packless bellows type suitable for sixteen (16) bar water pressure.
Sizes shall be the same as the pipes on which they are to be installed, with screwed
ends for sizes fifty (50) millimeters (two (2) inch) or smaller, and flanged ends for sizes
sixty-five (65) millimeters (two and one-half (2½) inch) and larger.
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8.02.3.17 Filters. Filters shall be installed where required and as indicated on the
Drawings.
The purpose of the filters shall be the removal of suspended solids from the pumped
water at a flow rate equal to the capacity of the pumping station.
The capacity of each filter unit as well as the mesh size of the screen are indicated
on the Drawings and in the Bill of Quantities.
The filter unit shall be of the screen type and composed of the filter housing, the
screen or filter cartridge, the flush valves, the isolation valves and the pressure gauges.
The filter housing shall be of the type suitable for horizontal installation manufactured
from stainless steel.
The inlet and outlet connections shall be of a size and type suitable for connecting
to the pump(s) discharge header on which the filter unit is to be installed. Inlet and
outlet shall be provided with gate valves for isolating the filter unit from the system.
The screen or filter shall consist of a stainless steel screen for a perforation size
suitable for the proper performance of the used emitters and manufacturer's
recommendations. The support of the screen or filter shall consist of a stainless steel
cartridge that allows an easy field replacement of the screen or filter.
The flush port shall be controlled by a solenoid operated isolation valve linked to the
irrigation program controller and set to open for at least one (1) minute (or the smallest
time increment of the controller) at the beginning of every irrigation cycle, to thoroughly
flush the retained particles. Flushing of the filter unit shall also be automatically
operated when the pressure differential across the filter has reached or exceeded three-
tenths kilograms per square centimeter (0.3 kg/cm 2). This pressure differential shall be
sensed by a set of pressure gauges suitably located and adequately linked to the
solenoid operated valve of the flush port.
The discharge from the flush port shall be conveyed in a uPVC pipe, of adequate
size, to the sump of the pumping station.
8.02.4 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
8.02.4.1 Scope. This work shall consist of the complete electrical installation to be
supplied and installed for all components of the Works as detailed in the following
sections and shown on the Drawings.
Work shall include the supply, installation, testing, commissioning and putting into
satisfactory operation of the following:
- Pumping station electrical installation complete including electricity supply, cables

and level controls.
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- Irrigation control equipment including all cables to pumping stations, irrigation

program controllers and remote control valves.
The work shall include the provision of shop drawings and the calculations required
by the specification, as well as the provision of all literature and samples in connection
with the approval of proposed equipment.
The equipment supplied shall include all necessary items for a complete installation
which will give satisfactory operation, notwithstanding errors and omissions. The
equipment listed in the document are therefore, indicative and not limitative.
8.02.4.2 Technical Requirements.
8.02.4.2.1 General.
All work carried out on the installation shall be carried out in a neat, workmanlike
and efficient manner, so as to be accessible for operation, maintenance and repair.
The work shall be in accordance with the requirements of this Specification, so that its
true meaning and intent are fulfilled. This Specification and the Drawings are
complementary documents, intended for the selection of equipment having general and
specific characteristics as detailed in the documents.
8.02.4.2.2 Regulations and Standards.
All electrical work shall comply with the applicable government rules and
regulations in the requirements of the Electric Supply Authority and carried out in
accordance with the recommendations of the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) with reference to the following:
- Relevant standards and specifications issued by the appropriate authorities in the

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- IEE Wiring regulations (UK) as published by the Institution of Electrical Engineers,

London.
- National Electrical Code (USA) as published by the National Fire Protection

Association.
- BSI as published by the British Standards Institution.
Acceptance tests shall conform with the above mentioned "Regulation" and
"Standard.”
8.02.4.3 Pumping Station Installation. The supply for each pumping station shall
be taken from the nearest substation/feeder pillar.
The pumping system shall be interlocked with the irrigation controller, pump control
valve and low level switches in water tanks.
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Wiring to motors and level switches shall be PVC/SWA/PVC multi-core cables

clipped to the concrete with copper clips. Cables shall terminate adjacent to the
equipment with galvanized adaptable boxes and final connections to equipment
enclosed in flexible conduit. All equipment shall be bonded to earth with a separate
earthing conductor. The flexible conduit shall not be used as the earthing conductor.
The lighting shall consist of waterproof bulkhead fluorescent type luminaries

controlled by a waterproof switch positioned adjacent to the access ladder. Wiring shall
be PVC/SWA/PVC multi-core cable. Wiring shall terminate in adaptable boxes with
fixed porcelain connectors and directly to the luminaries, with heat resistant cable
connecting the luminaries. Ventilation fans shall be operated by a micro switch fitted
to the pump room access hatch, such that on opening, the fans automatically switch on.
In addition, a timer incorporated in the panel shall operate the fans for fifteen (15)
minutes in every two (2) hours. The timer shall be capable of being adjusted to vary
running and operating time.
8.02.4.4 Irrigation Control. The twenty-four (24) volt electrically operated irrigation
remote control valves shall be controlled by the irrigation program controllers positioned
as shown on the Drawings. A separate electricity supply shall be taken from the
nearest sub-station/feeder pillar to operate each controller.
The controllers shall be interlocked with the pumping system to ensure that the
pumps operate when any of the irrigation valves is open.
The irrigation control electric cables, connecting the irrigation program controllers to
the remote control valves shall be single core copper wires PVC insulated and PVC
sheathed. The sizes of cables shall be commensurate with the distances between the
controllers and valves, operating pressure and the manufacturer's recommendations.
The cables shall be U/L approved for ground feeders directly buried and rated for six
hundred (600) volts. They shall be clipped to the water pipework where practicable.
Multi-runs of cables shall be tied together at one (1) meter intervals using PVC tape
and clipped to the underside of the water pipework at two (2) meter intervals using
plastic straps.
To allow full flexibility of the system, each valve shall have a separate control cable
such that any valve sequence control may be re-adjusted.
Where required, cable junction boxes shall be fitted. These shall be purpose made
boxes fitted with fixed connectors and suitable labelled. The boxes shall be fitted with
glands and gasketted lid to ensure fully waterproof and dust tight conditions.
Each remote control valve shall be fitted with a fixed connector inside a waterproof
box and suitable for cable tails from the valve to be connected.
All cable cores shall be fitted with marker ferrules at each end for each of
identification, and all valves shall be fitted with identification labels.
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8.02.5 METALWORK, PAINT AND PAINTING AND WATER RETAINING

STRUCTURES
8.02.5.1 Metalwork.
8.02.5.1.1 General.
Metalwork covers all purpose-made items shown on the Drawings. These items
shall be fabricated to the design shown on the Drawings and according to the material
and Workmanship specified in Section 5.05 "Steel Structures and Miscellaneous
Metalwork" in these General Specifications.
8.02.5.1.2 Ladders and Safety Cages.
Ladders and safety cages shall be fabricated galvanized mild steel to BS 4211 or
aluminum alloy as approved.
8.02.5.1.3 Pipe Supports.
Piping shall be supported independently of equipment at close enough intervals

to avoid air pockets and dirt traps.
Supports shall be located in such a way as to carry weight of pipe, valves, fittings,
insulation, appurtenances and contents without sagging.
In addition to the maximum spans specified, location of supports and hangers

shall take into account concentrated loads, elimination of overhung sections or bends,
load reaction on terminal connections, pipe expansion and contraction, vibrations,
hydrostatic thrust, hydrostatic testing, water hammer and seismic forces.
Spacing of supports shall be reduced to less than three-quarters (3/4) of maximum

spans specified where changes in direction or branch connections occur.
Supports shall be located immediately adjacent to changes in direction of piping,

branch connections, and concentrated loads, irrespective of maximum spans specified.
Supports shall be fixed to structures with masonry expansion bolts without causing
overstress to the structure.
Risers shall be supported independently of adjacent horizontal hangers.
Intermediate steel shall be provided where required to transfer loads to areas of

the structure where they can be safely accommodated.
Masonry expansion bolts shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's

instructions.
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Where inverts of pipelines are approximately at time level multiple piping runs can
be supported in groups on trapeze hangers. Pipes shall be kept in position with U-
bolts. Lines subject to extreme thermal expansion shall be free to slide or roll.
For trapeze hangers, the maximum spacing shall be that for the smallest pipe
supported. Spring cushions shall be used where a horizontal pipe is subject to
considerable vertical movement or vibration.
Embedded inserts shall be installed during concreting.
U-bolts shall be welded to pipes at points of contact and bolted to structural angle
frame securely fixed to structure.
Temporary hangers and supports are not allowed. Wire, metal bands, rope, wood,
chain, strap, or perforated bar shall not be used.
8.02.5.2 Paint and Painting. Paint and painting shall comply with Section 5.13
"Painting of Structures" in these General Specifications unless otherwise specified in
the Special Specifications.
The color of the final paint shall be approved by the Engineer's Representative.
8.02.5.3 Excavation. Excavation shall conform with Section 2.09, "Structural

Excavation and Backfill" in these General Specifications.
8.02.5.4 Concrete. Concrete shall conform with Section 5.01, "Portland Cement
Concrete" and Section 5.03, "Concrete Structures" in these General Specifications.
8.02.5.5 Reinforcement. Reinforcement shall conform with Section 5.02,

"Reinforcing Steel" in these General Specifications.
8.02.5.6 Bituminous Primer to Buried Surfaces. Shall conform with Section 5.12,
"Waterproofing for Structures" in these General Specifications.
8.02.6 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
Irrigation pipework shall be measured by linear meter for the various types and sizes
of pipe specified, installed, tested, completed and accepted. Lengths of pipe shall be
measured along with their centerlines and shall include lengths occupied by valves and
accessories.
Valves and Irrigation Equipment. Valves and irrigation equipment shall be measured
by the number for the various types and sizes of valves and items of irrigation
equipment as specified, installed, completed, tested and accepted.
Electricity supply as specified shall be measured by linear meter for the various types
and sizes of cables specified or as a lump sum as specified in the Bill of Quantities.
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Mechanical plant for the irrigation pumping station and storage tanks including the
supply, installation, test and commission shall be measured by the sets.
Electrical installations for the irrigation pumping station and storage tanks including
the supply, installation, test and commission shall be measured by the set.
Civil works for the irrigation pumping station and storage tanks including the supply,
installation, test and commission shall be measured for the various items as specified
in the Bill of Quantities.
Suction and header pipes of the irrigation pumping station and storage tanks
including the supply, installation, test and commission shall be measured by the set.
Chain link fence around each pumping station and its appurtenant storage tank(s)
including the supply, erection, excavation, concrete work, one (1) double gate and one
(1) single gate and all other materials, equipment, labor maintenance, as shown on the
Drawings, shall be measured by linear meter.
Other irrigation items not appearing in the Bill of Quantities shall not be measured
but shall be considered subsidiary to other items in the Bill of Quantities.
8.02.7 PAYMENT. The quantities, measured as provided above, shall be paid for at
the contract unit prices for the several pay items as specified in the Bill of Quantities,
which prices shall be full compensation for furnishing, installing, handling and testing
all materials, for all labor and maintenance, equipment and all other items described in
the specifications necessary for the proper completion, acceptance and maintenance
of the work.
The supply of water required will not be paid for directly but shall be considered
subsidiary work pertaining to the several items contained in the landscape works.
The Contractor shall supply water for his own Contract and for any additional
adjacent Contracts which are served by his pumping station.
For guarantee of perfect maintenance of works according to Specification, an

amount equivalent to twenty-four percent (24%) of the total amount of irrigation items
shall be reserved to be paid during the maintenance period (twenty-four (24) months)
at equal annual payments of twelve percent (12%) according to performance of
maintenance of works as required at the end of each twelve (12) month period.
The above price and payment shall cover and be full compensation for furnishing
labor, materials, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to completing all work as
specified in Subsection 1.07.2, "Scope of Payment" in these General Specifications.
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PAYMENT WILL BE MADE UNDER ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
ITEM NO PAY ITEM PAY UNIT
80201 Irrigation Pipework, Cast Iron, 25 mm dia Linear Meter
80209 Irrigation Pipework, Cast Iron, ___ mm dia Linear Meter
80215 Plastic Irrigation Pipe, 50 mm dia Linear Meter
80222 Plastic Irrigation Pipe, ___ mm dia Linear Meter
80225 Steel Irrigation Pipe, 50 mm dia Linear Meter
80232 Steel Irrigation Pipe, ___ mm dia Linear Meter
80240 (Type), Irrigation Pipe, 50 mm dia Linear Meter
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80247 (Type), Irrigation Pipe, ___ mm dia Linear Meter
80301 Valve, Butterfly, 300 mm Unit
80310 Valve, Air-Type I, 300 mm Unit
80319 Valve, Air-Type II, 300 mm Unit
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80328 Valve, Globe, 300 mm Unit
80332 Valve, Globe, 100mm Unit
80336 Valve, Silent Check, 300 mm Unit
80345 Valve, Remote Control, 300 mm Unit
80354 Valve, Pressure Reducing, 300 mm Unit
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80363 Valve, Pressure Relief Check, 300 mm Unit
80372 Valve, Penstock, 300 mm Unit
80381 Valve, Gate, 300 mm Unit
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80390 Combination Valve, Pressure and Gate, 300 mm Unit
80401 Electricity Supply, Pumping Station Linear Meter
80402 Electricity Supply, Irrigation Equipment Linear Meter
80403 Electricity Supply, Pumping Station Lump Sum
80404 Electricity Supply, Irrigation Equipment Lump Sum
80501 Mechanical Plant for Irrigation, Pumping Station Lump Sum
80502 Electrical Installations for Pumping Station Unit
80503 Civil Works for Pumping Station Lump Sum
80504 Suction and Header Pipes for Pumping Station Lump Sum
80601 Pumping Station Chain Link Fence and Gates, 1 m Height Linear Meter
80602 Pumping Station Chain Link Fence and Gates, 1.5 m Height Linear Meter
80603 Pumping Station Chain Link Fence and Gates, 2 m Height Linear Meter
80606 Pumping Station Chain Link Fence and Gates, ___ m Height Linear Meter
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PART 8 - LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION

APPENDIX 1
COMMON NAMES AND SPECIES OF THE MOST POPULAR PLANTS WIDELY

PLANTED IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
Common names and species of the most popular plants widely planted in the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia.
TREES
Acacia Arabica
Albizzia lebbek
Casuarina
Delonix regia
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Prosopis juliflora
Schinus molle
Schinus terebinthifolius
Ficus nitida
Ficus altissima
Pithecellobium dulce
Ziziphus mauritiana
SHRUBS
Acacia farnesiana
Bougainvillea spectabilis
Bougainvillea glabra
Caesalpinia pulcherrima
Dodonia viscosa
Callistemon viminalis
Atriplex halimus
Tecoma stans
Thevitia nereifolia
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GROUND COVER
Carissa grandiflora
Clerodendron inerme
Ipomoea pes-capre
Ipomoea carica
SUCCULENTS
Aloe vera
Agava americana
Opuntia
Yucca alofolia
PALMS
Phoenix dactylifera
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PART 8 - LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION

APPENDIX 2
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE OF IRRIGATION AND

LANDSCAPING
Part One: Maintaining and Watering Trees, Earth Covering, and Irrigation Network
Plant Maintenance Section
1. Replacement of Plants
The replacement operation means changing the dead, weak, bent, or slow growing
plants with similar types of plants or any other type agreed on by the Ministry.
The most important reasons which require plants to be replaced are the following:
(1) Death of Plant
The Contractor has to preserve all plants and find the suitable method to guarantee
their safety whether the cause is weather conditions, vandalism, as a result for a third
party work in the site, or because of animals.
(2) Weakness of Some Plants, Slenderness, and their Inability for Continuous
Growth:
A disease might affect plants and cause their slenderness and slow down their
growth, or that the type of plant may not be suitable to the soil. Other reasons may also
lead to growth weakness. Therefore, it becomes better to replace certain plants with
another of the same type or any other type agreed on by the Ministry.
(3) There is a defect in the plant as a twist in the stock, irregular growth, or any
other reason lead to be removed.
2. Specifications of Replaced Plants
The Contractor is required to change dead or slow growing plants with new ones
of the same type or any other type agreed on by the Ministry including the following
specifications:
(1) Trees
1) After plantation, the main stock length has to be not less than one (1) meter
above earth level.
2) The main stock has to be straight and without twist and its diameter is not
less than three (3) centimeters.
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3) It should be free of diseases and insects.
(2) Shrubs
1) After plantation, the shrubs length should be not less than seventy-five (75)
centimeters above earth level.
2) It has many branches.
3) The green growth has to be satisfying.
4) It has to be free from diseases and insects.
(3) Earth Cover
1) The level of greenery growth has to be satisfying.
2) It should be free from diseases and insects.
3) It has to be from the existing type or any other type agreed on by the
Ministry.
(4) Transplant Flowers
1) To grow the planted types in the site of the project transplant.
2) During plantation, it has to be almost flowering.
3) It has to be ready for plantation any time within the project duration.
(5) Palms
Period inspection of palms occurs every three (3) months to replace the dead
palms; and time has to be suitable for palm plantation. The dead palms have to be
removed one (1) week before plantation to enable soil airing and to remove the dead
roots and molds, if any. The planting should be performed by adding new sand around
the root area.
The planted palms shall be with the following specifications:
1) To choose Arabic palms.
2) The female palms should be not less than ninety percent (90%).
3) The stock should be free of defects and within the same length of the dead
palm, and not less than one (1) meter by any means. The diameter of the stock should
be not less than sixty (60) centimeters and without twists or bends.
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4) The palm ball diameter size is not less than one (1) meter and the roots
shall be vital; and its parts shall be cleaned before plantation.
5) The outsider leaves shall be green and within two (2) to three (3) meters of
length, and its number is not less than twelve (12). The inside leaves shall be green
and free of any mold.
6) Palms shall be free of diseases and insects.
7) To import the palms in the site after cleaning, and to perform the planting
operation. The palm shall be wrapped with sackcloth including stock and leaves to
protect the core from dryness and from the effect of heat and cold.
3. Obligations for the Replacement Operation
(1) The Contractor is required to prepare for the replacement operation as

excavation, filling, additional improvements, bitumen, and fertilizers.
(2) The Contractor is prohibited, by any means, to remove any plants from its spot
before informing the supervising engineer and obtaining his written approval. If the
Contractor removes a tree from its place without notifying the Ministry, he will pay the
estimated costs of the removed plan.
(3) During the replacement operation if it was found that some plants were not
planted in their sport because of the Contractor carelessness, the Contractor will
replace the plants in the right place, and the size shall equal the other plants.
(4) If the Contractor plants are different from the mentioned specifications, he will
be obligated to replace them with others in accordance to the mentioned specifications
on his own expense.
4. Tumbling
Tumbling operation is turning over the soil around the roots and airing it and
removing accumulations and leftovers. This operation is performed as follows:
(1) It occurs every sixty (60) days and the supervising engineer identifies the
tumbling and becomes included in the work schedule.
(2) The turning over is performed in the upper level in order not to hurt the roots.
(3) Remove the leftover and accumulated material before tumbling.
(4) The soil should be left without watering for two (2) days after the soil turning
over for the purpose of airing it.
(5) The Contractor has to fight back worms.
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(6) To remove decayed plants during the tumbling operation or by using an

appropriate herbicide in accordance with the supervising engineer's instructions.
5. Fertilizing Operation
(1) Organic Fertilizers are fertilizers that originate from organic material. They are
important because they include the food elements needed for the plant and improve the
soil. The organic fertilizer is added once a year in early winter.
The rates for adding organic fertilizers:
1) Palms: Five (5) kilograms for each palm tree.
2) Trees: Two (2) kilograms for each tree.
3) Shrubs, flowers, and grass: Two (2) kilograms for each square meter.
The specifications of organic fertilizers:
1) It should be free of harmful material in plants or soil.
2) It should be free of decayed grass seeds.
3) Humidity shall not exceed fifteen percent (15%).
4) pH should be within six (6) to seven (7).
5) Each gram should include not less than 5000 million of bacteria.
(2) Chemical Fertilizers are divided into the following types:
1) Chemical fertilizer compounds:
It includes the main food elements as Nitrogen, Phosphore, Potassium, etc.
2) Monism fertilizers:
It includes one (1) element as uric, and is added to compensate for low iron.
This fertilizer is added when one (1) element appears to be low in big quantities. It
spreads out and compensates the low rate of food elements quickly.
(3) Times for Adding Chemical Fertilizers
1) The monism fertilizers shall be added when a specific soil element appears
to be low.
2) Chemical fertilizer compounds shall be added periodically once every

month and in accordance to the fertilizing schedule.
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3) The azoic fertilizer shall be added if needed to encourage the greenery

growth.
4) The fertilizer shall be added to grass after mowing.
(4) Rates of Chemical Fertilizer
1) Palms: Two hundred (200) grams for each palm.
2) Trees: One hundred fifty (150) grams for each tree.
3) Grass, flowers, and shrubs: Fifteen (15) grams for each square meter.
(5) The Method for Adding Fertilizers
1) The fertilizer shall be spread under the stock in the area surrounding the
roots.
2) Organic fertilizer is added to flowers before it is planting. The chemical

fertilizer is added periodically and is turned over until flowering time.
6. Applying the Trimming and Forming Operations
(1) Trimming Trees and Shrubs is based on the plant type and its purpose. It is
prohibited to trim trees without obtaining the supervising engineer approval about the
trimming method including the following:
1) The Contractor has to trim one (1) tree as a sample and in accordance to
what is specified by the supervising engineer.
2) The trimmed sample shall be inspected, and needed modification shall be

done, if any.
3) The sample shall be photographed after performing the trimming operation

for the tree. The supervising engineer and the project manager shall sign on the
photograph.
4) The Contractor shall obtain the written agreement to complete trimming

operation to the rest of the trees in accordance with the sample.
5) Time for trimming trees:
1. Trees will falling leaves shall be trimmed after the falling by cutting the
diseased and dead branches only.
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2. Formation, smoothing, and removal of unusual growth shall be

performed any time in the year except for the periods when temperature reaches its
climax of either high or low degrees.
3. Old trees which appear to be slow in growth shall be identified and

inspected by the supervising engineer to obtain his approval for severe trimming for
growth renewal.
4. Shadow trees shall be trimmed very little and the branches shall be cut
when necessary.
5. As for trees hindering traffic movement, it should be trimmed by

removing the branches causing this problem, and after obtaining the written agreement
from the supervising engineer.
(2) Cutting and Forming Gates and Fences
Plants planted for this purpose will need continuous cutting to identify their form
because such cutting will renew its growth and preserve fence appearance. Plant
cutting is performed in accordance with the following:
1) It is prohibited to perform the cutting operation at a low temperature,

greenery slow growth during winter season, or when temperature degrees reaches its
highest rates.
2) Flowering fences shall be cut before blooming with an adequate period to

allow flowering buds to bloom. It should be cut after flowering in order not to form
seeds.
3) When perform cutting, the fence foot shall be thicker in comparison with the
top to enable reinforcing the fence.
4) Fences and gates shall be formed differently, straight and others; and
designs of different forms of cutting shall be prepared. These designs are shown to the
supervising engineer to choose the appropriate locations for such forms.
5) If there is a reason that affects the fences and weaken them that becomes
naked from the bottom part, in this case, the fence shall be cut unto half meter in early
spring, or in early autumn after the bad conditions cease. It is fertilized with organism
fertilizers to encourage bottom growth and forming new branches.
(3) Trimming Individual Shrubs
1) Individual shrubs shall be trimmed yearly and when needed for the
following reasons:
1. Reduce shrubs size and organize its form to suit the purpose of its
plantation.
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2. To get rid of unwanted growth.
3. To remove diseased, dry, and dead branches.
4. To assist in making the sun light reaches all parts of the shrubs in order
to encourage flower blooming.
2) Trimming Time
1. Winter trimming shall be performed on shrubs which has flowers and

bloom at summer season.
2. Shrubs that have flowers on old branches and bloom in winter should
be trimmed late spring and early summer.
3. Small shrubs should not be trimmed, and it is enough to cut the dead
branches.
4. Cone shrubs should never be trimmed and are left for normal growth.
7. Trees Hold and Support
(1) Purpose of Holding and Supporting Operation
1) To assist in focusing trees vertical growth in full straightness and without

any twisting or bending in the main stock.
2) To assist the main stock, by different means, to carry the greenery weight
if the stock is unable of carrying it.
(2) Methods of Hold and Support
Hold and supporting are two (2) escorted operations performed on all trees. The
method is different in regard to the trees age, size, and purpose.
1) Trees Newly Planted
These trees would not be exceeding one (1) year of age. At this phase, there
is a need to encourage the main stock growth in thickness, straightness in regard to the
following:
1. Leave the lower branches without trimming and let them grown normally
unless it is extremely necessary. In case of disease, the branch shall be removed after
obtaining a written approval from the supervising engineer.
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2. To support the plants by setting wood support in an appropriate way for

trees, and in regard to the tree's case, holder, type, numbers, and method of holding.
What follows is an explanation of this operation:
(1) Holders shall be made of a good type white Swedish wood that is
strong and dry; its measure is five by five (5 x 5) centimeters.
(2) Holders faces shall be soft to avoid harming the plant's stock when
it moves as a result of wind blowing.
(3) The wood, which the holder is made of, should not have branching
pose to avoid easy breaking.
(4) The supporting holder shall be pointed from the lower part in order
to get through the soil easily, and it shall be painted with the bitumen to protect the
wood from water.
(5) The upper part of the supporting holder shall be painted with a
green color.
(6) The supporting holders shall be of an appropriate length of the

tree's stock. These holders shall be replaced with others, when needed.
2) Tree Binding
1. The binding shall be simple, and the material shall be strong to avoid
continuous cutting or stock bending.
2. When binding, the stock shall be paralyzing the supporting holder, and
an appropriate space shall be in-between. The stock shall not be bound strongly to the
support holder to avoid hindering the stock growth.
3. Means of Binding
The binding shall be performed by the following method:
(1) A thin string of two (2) mm. and it is performed on newly planted
trees. This string is soft that would not hinder its growth or harm its stock. This string
is cut easily, and needs continuous rebinding.
(2) Polyethylene binders: This binder is performed for such purpose.

The binding opening shall be widened or control the binding circle around the stock.
(3) String bindings of three to five (3-5) mm. wrapped with a plastic
material to protect the stock. This string surrounds the stock in many ways in
accordance to the binding and supporting method. The supervising engineer shall
choose the best used materials in binding and in accordance to what he believes is
appropriate.
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3) Method of Supporting
The method of supporting shall be identified by the stock length, number

of branches and the method approved by the supervising engineer.
4) Trees Newly Planted
1. A tree is supported by one holder placed during plantation and is

attached to the main stock. Three holes have to be made in the holder at top, middle,
and bottom with an equal distance. The stock shall be bound to the supporting holder
from these three locations.
2. To support with two wood holders limiting the tree in-between with an
adequate distance. In this case, three holes are made in each supporting holder and
with an appropriate distance. Binding shall be made with a wire covered by a plastic
cover and leaving an appropriate opening that the stock can get through during binding.
3. To support using three holders in a triangle method around the stock.

The stock is located in the middle with an equal distance from each holder. The
binding is made by a lean wire with a plastic cover that forms a ring around the stock
of three branches. Each of the three branches are fixed to each holder.
5) Medium Size Trees
These trees exceed one year of age and the top branches are huge that
the stock fails to carry them without a supporting holder. Wood holders will be broken
as a result of the heavy top weight.
In this case, an iron pipe of thirty eight to fifty (38-50) millimeters (1.5 to 2")
diameter and in accordance to the tree size, it should be fixed in the earth, and shall be
bound to the stock in a straight and paralyzed direction. The bottom part of the pipes
shall be painted with bitumen and a green color for the top.
6) Huge Trees
The main stock is unable to carry the greenery. Such trees should be
supported in regard to the following:
1. Minimize the top greenery weight by cutting the branches which cause
the bending of the stock.
2. Trees shall be bound with one iron wire or more in an opposite direction
to the bending wide, working on vertical appearance of the tree. The wire shall be fixed
to the appropriate spot in the earth.
3. Supporting and holding style shall be changed in the following

conditions:
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(1) When the support holders are worn out.
(2) When the support holder is not suitable to the plant’s length.
(3) When the support holder is unable to assist the plant for vertical
growth.
(4) When the greenery growth of the plant reaches a size that such
method is not suitable for, or if the plant inclines in one of the directions. In this case
the contractor should perform the following:
1) To perform a study on a group of trees to choose the most

suitable supporting way to its case.
2) To work on a resupporting program in accordance to the needs

of every group, and to specify its final date.
3) To demonstrate the program for the supervising engineer.

After fulfilling the needed discussion and modification, the contractor shall perform the
work within the specified duration.
4) If the contractor is not committed to the program, he is subject

to cash deduction which is specified in the deduction statement as SR 5.00 for each
tree for each day of delay.
5) In case of broken trees and as a result for the carelessness of

the contractor to support the trees, the contractor has to pay the expenses of these
trees since plantation.
8. Fighting Insects and Diseases
Plants are sprayed with herbicide in the following cases:
(1) Protective Herbicide
The maintenance program has to include protective herbicides to spray the

insects and avoid diseases. The maintenance engineer shall perform this project in
regard to the following:
1) To specify the sprayed types of herbicide.
2) To specify the used percentage of herbicide.
3) To specify the protective spraying periods; it has to be not less than three
(3) yearly.
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4) To perform a schedule in accordance to the different project sites. The

supervising engineer shall study the protective schedule with the maintenance
engineer. He has to adjust the necessary modification and approve the program before
spraying. This operation has to be in regard to the special specifications and project
plans.
(2) Spraying in Case of Disease
The contractor shall be committed to the following in disease cases:
1) To specify disease type.
2) To specify the used herbicide.
3) To perform spraying diseased plants twice, and the second spray is fulfilled
after ten days.
4) To perform an immediate spraying program for all plants in the diseased

area. The contractor shall execute this operation after obtaining the supervising
engineer approval regarding the herbicide type and spray schedule.
9. Washing Operations
(1) Soil Washing
It is an operation to dissolve precipitation salt as a result of spray or drip

watering. This operation is summarized by overflowing the soil with clean washing
water for few days that the precipitation salt is removed. The percentage of salt in the
washing operation does not exceed more than one thousand (1000) parts per million.
The contractor has to perform this operation on separate periods in the

following cases:
1) To use spraying or dripping system.
2) The appearance of salt in soil, or in case of analyzing it and finding a high

percentage of salt. This operation has to be performed every two months in case of
using the spraying or the dripping water system, appearance of salt in the soil, and
when required by the supervising engineer in accordance to the project special
specification and construction plans.
(2) Washing Trees and Shrubs
Plants in streets and intersections are exposed to dust accumulations on

leaves as a result of dust spreading, wind blowing, soil falling on plants when crashed
with. In addition, there is the drizzle sprayed out from cars which include carbon. With
accumulation of all dust and harmful material on plants leaves causing the closure of
leaves openings and hindering the plants of performing vital physiological operations.
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Therefore, such accumulation shall be removed by washing the plants with a strong
water spray to remove the dust and to refresh the plants.
Plants shall be washed once every six months, or whenever necessary, such
as after wind blowing of dust or sand. The used water in the washing operation shall
be treated and clean. The operation is performed by motors that pushes the water
strongly towards the plants.
10. Specifying Soil Height
The height or level of soil toward the concrete barricade would cause hindering the
maintenance and the watering operations which will lead to the weakness of plant
growth. The soil level height below the top of the different types of concrete barricades
to provide for sufficient amounts of water; it shall be ten (10) cm. The maintenance
operation has to be performed simply and easily; and the contractor has to remove soil
if it exceeds the above mentioned limits, and he should add new soil if it becomes less
than the specified limits. In case of replacing some plants, the Ministry has the right to
ask the contractor to change the soil more or less and with a depth not exceeding
twenty (20) cm. The prices shall be carried on the maintenance item in a way that the
added soil is a mixture of agriculture and sand soil in accordance with the project
Special Specifications and construction plans.
11. Watering
(1) Watering Periods
Watering periods shall be specified for all of the four seasons. The
contractor shall present an annual and monthly program submitted five days before the
end of the Higri month. The supervising engineer shall review and discuss this program
with the contractor and approve it before the beginning of the next following month.
(2) Situations for Changing the Watering Schedule
1) Watering operation shall be stopped during the raining period of winter

and spring. Therefore, the watering schedule shall be subject to change during this
period. In this case, there is no need to obtain the supervising engineer approval to
change the schedule. Watering shall be stopped since commencing rain, and the
contractor has to coordinate with the supervising engineer in regard to the following:
1. To specify the retained period; and this is determined in regard to

adequate rain amounts for watering plants.
2. To receive the instructions regarding water pumping as a re sult of

floods.
2) If the hot temperature increases to its highest rates which will affect the
plants and harm them if things are not handled immediately.
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In such case, the contractor is required to increase the watering

percentage to avoid damage. This will also obligate the contractor to change the
watering schedule in accordance with the new estimations regarding the weather
temperature, low moisture, and plants demand of water at this stage.
3) In case of reducing watering periods in regard to the Ministry request,

the contractor is obligated to perform this reduction. This reduction will cause modifying
the watering schedule.
4) As for the cases that the Ministry find it necessary to change the
watering schedule for any particular reason and in regard to the plant’s benefit, the
contractor has to be obligated to follow the Ministry instructions.
12. Maintaining Palms
Palms shall be provided with a special care in all operations, and in regard to its
vitality and growth.
(1) Watering
It is one of the important matters, and it should take care of the following:
1) Palms Newly Planted
Successful growth of new planted palms depend on the watering

method in accommodation to the following:
1. The watering operation shall continue daily and for the first forty
(40) days.
2. Palms shall be flooded with water to the area surrounding the roots
and to assure the nonexistence of air around the roots.
3. The watering operation shall occur in moderate weather

circumstances. Watering shall be avoided during hot noon time, and watering should
be at early morning or at night when temperature is high at summer time.
2) Palms at the Project Site

Palms shall be watered due to the earlier mentioned quantities and
periods and in accordance to the project watering schedule.
3) There are some periods that palms would demand more and special
care in regard to the watering operation. These periods are the following:
1. Before pollination season in order to activate the pollen and to

speed up early pollination.
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2. Immediately after flowering because palms need of water for dates

to ripen.
3. When performing the curving operation.
4. During date ripen.
5. After collecting dates because watering helps in palm vitality and

assist in forming new pollen.
4) Less watering is demanded in the following periods:
1. Palms planted in an area of high water rates.
2. After completion of the majority of date ripen because watering

after full ripen would lower its good qualities.
3. At winter season and during the decrease of temperature.
5) Watering operation shall not be overdone in order not to have bad

palms quality of causing roots to mold.
6) At summer time and during the hot weather, watering shall not be
performed during noon time when the temperature would be in its maximum. The
watering operation shall be performed during early morning or late evening.
(2) Palms Replacement
Dead or slow growing palms shall be replaced with new ones and in
accordance to these specification of size, greenery, and being free of insects and
diseases.
Under the supervision of the supervising engineer, the contractor shall

examine the palms once every three months to remove dead ones and to plant new
palms in accordance with the General Specifications.
The following shall be performed when replacing the palms:
1) To provide sufficient treatment before plantation in regard to the

following:
1. To clean the excavation hole and to remove the mold.
2. To leave the excavation hole exposed to the sun for the purpose
of cleaning and airing it.
2) Treatment during plantation is performed in accordance to the following:
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1. The planted palm shall be addressed towards sunrise direction

and shall lean to sunset area.
2. Adding agriculture sand around the palm roots during plantation.
3. During the plantation, the contractor has to bury the roots and part
of the main stock under the soil level without burying the core to avoid causing mold.
4. To reserve the palm core and avoid its exposure to any hits during
transportation or plantation.
5. If the palms leaves are long and huge, a part shall be removed
and the rest shall be cut from the top in order not to cause palm bend.
(3) Protecting Newly Planted Palms
1) Protecting newly planted palms means to cover it in a sackcloth; the

area where the greenery group meet the main stock. This protection is performed for
the following reasons:
1. To protect the grown top (palm core) from dryness as a result of

high temperature caused by direct sun rays and therefore, its chances to live become
low.
2. To protect newly planted palms from severe cold weather during

the first phase of plantation.
2) Method of Protection
1. Cover fifty (50) cm. of height around the main stock and one
hundred (100) cm. of height around the greenery group to assure full protection for the
palm core.
2. To bind protected area, it shall be bound from top, middle, and

bottom, two un-tight binds in order to avoid affecting the palm core.
3) To remove the sackcloth cover from palms after the growth of new
leaves and being confident of successful plantation after the growth of new leaves. The
cover shall be removed so that the grown top is exposed to sun and air. Continuous
covering shall cause lots of damages as follows:
1. Slow growth of the top part as a result of not being exposed to sun
light.
2. Continuity of cover shall lead to insects gathering and which will

cause palm disease and death.
(4) Trimming of Palms
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Palms shall be trimmed once a year to remove dry leaves.
1) Periods for performing the trimming and smoothing operation.
There are two times to perform this operation and they are:
1. Before performing pollination.
2. After collecting dates at the end of the fruit season.
The trimming and smoothing shall be specified in accordance to work

schedule.
2) Trimming and Smoothing Provisions
1. The trimming operation shall be limited to dry leaves only which

have ceased to function. It is prohibited to remove any green leaves unless it is really
necessary and after obtaining the supervising engineer approval.
2. When trimming, the dry leaves shall be removed from the base
and the cutting shall be regular and in one level.
3. Dry leaves foot shall be trimmed and smoothed; this operation

shall form the palm and give it a good appearance.
(5) Palms Pollination
Work shall be performed on fertile palms at the project location by

transporting the male palm seeds to the female ones. Therefore, special care shall be
provided to make this operation successful at a very high percentage. The following
should be performed:
1) Pollination shall be performed under the sun rays.
2) This operation shall be avoided during rain falls, clouds, and fogs.
3) To put in the date bunch the pollination seeds which will pollinate the
female flowers in it.
4) The pollination seeds shall be taken from a male palm tree that has the
following specifications:
1. Pollination seeds shall be vital and of strong smell.
2. The male palm shall produce a number of big size flower sleeves.
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3. The pollination shall be taken from a palm known of its fertility and
vitality.
4. The flowers shall not fall down when it dries.
5) Method of Pollination
1. After completion of the spadix growth, the pollination man shall

climb up to the palm to perform the pollination by putting an adequate quantity of the
pollination seeds from 1-5 in each female date bunch. It shall be put upside down to
enable the pollination seed to fall down on the female flowers, and it shall be bound
around the date bunch for a few days.
2. The pollination operation shall be performed immediately after the

opening of the female date bunch because any delay would cause less fertility.
(6) Palm Curving
This operation means to modify the palm case after completion of the
pollination and fruit clutch to take its normal position in curving down.
This operation is performed when dates begin to be big in order to avoid

disorder with the leaves which will hinder its growth and dates collection after ripen.
1) Curving Time
This curving operation shall be performed in accordance with the palm

case and with the following:
1. After the dates begin to be big.
2. Before the palm case is dry and becomes broken.
3. Before intertwisting with the leaves.
2) Curving Method
The date branch shall fall down and pull its neighboring leaves in
accordance to its case.
(7) To Adjust the Curved Palms
Some facts would cause the palm to bend and form a lean position as a
result of uneven growth or car accidents which will cause the palm inclination from its
straight position.
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Therefore, the contractor has to adjust curved palms, or he has to inform the
supervising engineer to adjust such palms to form a straight position without any
bending or inclination.
(8) Fertilizing Palms
A great care shall be provided to fertilization in order to substitute the soil

food elements by applying organic and chemical fertilizers that were mentioned before.
(9) Protection Against Insects and Diseases
1. Protective spraying in accordance to the project spraying schedule.
2. Treatment spraying in case of disease shall be done by spraying all the

palms in the area with the appropriate herbicide twice within an interval of seven or ten
days.
(10) To collect the palms dates and submit it to the Ministry under the supervision
of the supervising engineer.
13. The contractor has to remove the water which will be gathered in some of the
areas and which will hurt the plant that is caused by rain fall or any other.
Part Two: Irrigation System
The irrigation system contains several units; they are as follows:
1. Main Line
(1) To assure the nonexistence of any leaking; there are two types of leaking.
1) The First Type
Simple leaking, and it is usually found at the joints. This leaking would
not be clarified in the main water pressure of distribution.
2) The Second Type
Severe leaking is a result of a break in the main line, and this will be
clear in the pumping station that the pressure would go down less than the required
measure limits. The pumping machine will stop automatically as well as the substitute
one. An additional light shall be exposed to indicate low pressure and cease of the
pumping work.
(2) To be certain of the working of the valve air vacuous:
The leaking shall exist as a result of the blemish.
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2. Tube Boxes
(1) To be sure of the box safety of any break.
(2) To be sure of the good work (go back to the factoring instructions and the
design plans) and to be sure of reducing the pressure.
(3) The overall inside and outside cleaning of the box, and to be sure of no water
leaking to the inside of the box.
3. The Minor Line and Holders
(1) To be sure of the nonexistence of any leaking in the minor lines.
(2) To be sure of the right direction for the sprayers (go back to the design plans).
(3) To clean the filter periodically, and this filter is located inside the sprayers. As
for the water dripping, the following has to be noted:
1) To clean the main filter periodically and to assure it is clean and

undamaged.
2) To be sure of opening the dripping holes.
3) To be sure of the tubes joints safety between the dripping and the
plants.
4. Maintaining the Drippings
The contractor has to perform the periodical maintenance for the drippings, and
especially for the following:
(1) To be sure of nonexistence of any breaks in the dripping body and to replace
the damaged ones.
(2) To be sure of the nonexistence of any breaks in the tube (flexible tube) and to
replace the damaged one, if any. Also, to be sure the tube is clean and the
nonexistence of any obstructions.
(3) To disconnect the dripping from the main watering tube and then wash the
dripper with clean water and to remove the salt settled on it.
(4) To replace the damaged filter of drippers.
(5) To install the final drippers and make a test to be sure of the work accuracy
and the quantity of water coming out of each dripper.
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5. Maintaining the Sprayers
The periodical maintaining schedule is performing the following:
(1) To assure the nonexistence of any leaking out from the sprayer. This is clear
if there is a water gathering around the sprayer area.
(2) To maintain the sprayer:
1) To disconnect the sprayer and clean the water drainage. It has to be

noted not to use an iron material as iron wires in cleaning the drainage which will cause
it to widen and lead to a change in the watering design. The cleaning is executed by
pressured air and water.
2) The sprayer filter shall be cleaned periodically to preserve the

appropriate water and that the sprayers shall last longer.
6. Maintaining the Operation Controlling Machines
The following shall be taken care of:
(1) To be sure of the control machine box safety and the nonexistence of any
damage or rust to the outside body and the box door.
(2) To be sure of the safety of all electrical joints and make sure of its good
condition and replacing the damaged ones.
(3) To be sure of the machine operating keys and its being in good condition and
that the machine is working accurately. Also, the damaged keys shall be replaced
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Table of Contents

KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION

PART EIGHT: LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION

SECTION 8.01 LANDSCAPING ................................................................................. 1

8.01.3.11 Climber Mesh Embankments & Interchanges ................................. 12

SECTION 8.02 IRRIGATION .................................................................................... 24

8.02.1.4 Record Drawings ............................................................................... 25

8.02.2.6.7 Emitters ..................................................................................... 43

APPENDIX 1 - COMMON NAMES AND SPECIES OF THE MOST POPULAR

APPENDIX 2 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE OF IRRIGATION

PART EIGHT: LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION

SECTION 8.01 LANDSCAPING

8.01.1 SCOPE AND REQUIREMENTS

ITEMS IN BILL OF QUANTITIES

1. Manufacturer's certified analysis of all standard products, including fertilizers.

3. Health certificates for all imported plant material.

4. A laboratory analysis of agricultural soil mix, having the characteristics indicated

5. Landscape construction schedules indicating mobilization, equipment, personnel,

8.01.1.5 Approved Chemicals. Only chemicals approved by the Ministry of

8.01.1.7 Work by Machine or by Hand. All operations may be executed by

8.01.1.8 Existing Plants. No existing trees, shrubs or other plants shall be

No soil, spoil, construction material or rubbish shall be stored, or deposited within

8.01.2 SOFT LANDSCAPE: MATERIALS

8.01.2.1 Agricultural Soil.

PH: 6.0 - 8.0 saturated soil

Electro-Conductivity: Less than 4 mmhos/cm saturation extract

Free Carbonates: Less than 0.5 percent air-dried soil

Chlorides: Less than 200 ppm in saturation extract

Sulphates: Less than 200 ppm in saturation extract

Nitrates Less than 75 ppm in saturation extract.

Phosphorus 10-25 ppm in 1.5 ammonium nitrate

Potassium 100-400 ppm in 1.5 ammonium nitrate

Magnesium 25-100 ppm in 1.5 ammonium nitrate

Exchangeable Sodium: Less than fifteen percent (15%) in neutral

Boron: Less than 1.5 ppm, hot water soluble

Physical Characteristics: Sandy loam made up as follows:

Clay less than 0.002 mm: 5-15%

In case naturally occurring agricultural soil to the above physical characteristics

8.01.2.1.2 Soil Analysis.

The Contractor shall arrange for an approved independent analyst to prepare a

Soil samples shall be taken as follows:

Upon identification of every source of soil, representative samples of soils shall be

The tests shall be:

- Total salts (EC of soil solution)

8.01.2.1.4 Peat Humus.

Alternative dilutions of soluble fertilizer or other fertilizer types and composition

8.01.2.3.1 General Conditions.

I. Royal Horticultural Society, Dictionary of Gardening, Oxford University Press

2. I.B.N. - International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants.

8.01.2.3.4 Range of Sizes.

8.01.2.3.5 Planting Stock.

Grass seed shall comprise of the following mixture of species:

Cydomon dactylon: Fifty percent (50%)

Roa annua: Fifty percent (50%)

Before delivery to site, all plants shall be dipped in anti-desiccant.

8.01.2.4.1 Stakes For Trees.

8.01.2.4.2 Stakes For Palms.

- Once per month throughout the maintenance period.

8.01.2.6 Hydroseeding Materials.

8.01.2.6.1 Soil Stabilizer. Products of the following composition are acceptable:

1. Stabilization material consisting of natural petroleum resin, wetting agents,