OGM

&2¼5$)<$ 6¿Q¿I MATERYAL

ORTAÖĞRETİM GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ
SORULAR
6258
$ÅD½¿GDNLOHUGHQKDQJL
VLDNDUVXDÅ¿QG¿UPDV¿Q¿Q
KONU ',Ä.899(7/(5ý1<(5Ä(.ý//(5ý1ý12/8Ä806˜5(&ý1((7.ý/(5ý$.$568/$5 WDEDQVHYL\HVLQHXODÅW¿½¿
GXUXPODUGDROXÅDQDUD]LOH
ULQ²]HOOLNOHULQGHQGH½LOGLU"
$.$568/$5,12/8Ä785'8¼8 WDÅ¿G¿½¿VX\XQPLNWDU¿DN¿ÅK¿]¿ DNDUVXODU¿QKHULNL\DPDF¿GDROGXN£D ROXÅXU $%LULNWLUPHÅHNLOOHUL
<(5<˜=˜Ä(.û//(5û ]HPLQLQMHRORMLN\DS¿V¿WDÅ¿G¿½¿\¸N G¸]G¸U%XQHGHQOHDNDUVXODUWDEDQO¿ %LULNLQWL.RQLVLYH<HOSD]HVL
YDGLOHUGHPHQGHUHVOHUE¸NO¸P
\D\J¿QG¿U
PLNWDU¿ELWNL²UW¸V¸JLELIDNW²UOHUGHQ $NDUVXODU¿QGD½\DPD£ODU¿QGDQ
HWNLOHQLU ROXÅWXUDUDNDNDU G¸]O¸½HLQGLNOHUL\HUGHWDÅ¿G¿NODU¿ %$NDUVXODUK¿]O¿DNDU
„HÅLWOLND\QDNODUGDQEHVOHQHUHN &$NDUVX\DWD½¿QGD
\HU\¸]¸QGHH½LPGR½UXOWXVXQGDELU $NDUVX\XQVRQODQG¿½¿\HULQ\¸NVHOWL 'HY.D]DQ¿$NDUVX\DWD½¿ER\XQFD DO¸Y\RQODU¿QELUN¿VP¿Q¿ELULNWLUPHVLLOH
VHYL\HVLQHWDEDQVHYL\HVLDG¿YHULOLU GLUHQFLID]ODELUND\DW¸U¸QGHQ ROXÅWXUGXNODU¿NRQLÅHNOLQGHNLDO¸Y\RQ PHQGHUHVOHUROXÅXU
\DWDNL£LQGHDN¿ÅDJH£HQVXODUDJHQHO
RODUDNDNDUVXGHQLU%¸\¸NO¸NOHULQH
J²UHVHOGHUH£D\¿UPDNYH\DQHKLU
ÅHNOLQGHDGODQG¿U¿ODQDNDUVXODU¿Q
2N\DQXVYHGHQL]OHUJHQHOWDEDQ GLUHQ£VL]ELUND\DW¸U¸QHJH£LOGL½LQGH ELULNLQWLOHULQHELULNLQWLNRQLVLGHQLU ''HQJHSURILOLQHXODÅ
VHYL\HVLGLU$NDUVX\XQ\DWD½¿Q¿
ŬĂĚĂƌ 'ĞŶŝƔdĂďĂŶůŦsĂĚŝ
DÅ¿QPDQ¿QDUWPDV¿\ODGLNOLNOHUROXÅXU
LJĂŬůĂƔƚŦƌŵĂƐŦ ǀĞ ĂŬĂďŝůĞĐĞŒŝ ďŝƌ ĞŒŝŵ ƐĞǀŝLJĞƐŝŶĞ ŐĞƚŝƌŵĞƐŝLJůĞ ƐŽŶĂ ĞƌĞƌ͘ ŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌŦŶ $O¸Y\RQODUGDKD\D\YDQELUÅHNLOGH P¿ÅW¿U
yĂƚĂŬůĂƌŦŶŦŬĂnjŵĂůĂƌŦǀĞLJĂĚĞƌŝŶůĞƔƚŝƌŵĞůĞƌŝĂŒŦnjƚĂƌĂĨŦŶĚĂŶŬĂLJŶĂŬƚĂƌĂĨŦŶĂĚŽŒƌƵĚƵƌ͘ĞƌŝŶĞ
WDEDQVHYL\HVLQHNDGDU\DNODÅW¿UPDV¿
ĂƔŦŶĚŦƌŵĂŶŦŶĂŒŦnjĚĂŶŬĂLJŶĂŒĂĚŽŒƌƵLJĂLJŦůŵĂƐŦŶĂŐĞƌŝLJĞĂƔŦŶĚŦƌŵĂ $NDUVXEXGLNOLNOHUGH\¸NVHNWHQG¸ÅHU ELULNLUVHROXÅDQÅHNOHELULNLQWL\HOSD]HVL
ĚĞŶŝƌ͘ŬĂƌƐƵ͕ĂŬŦƔŚŦnjŦŶŦŶ (*HQLÅ\DWDNODUGDQDNDU
GXUXPXQDGHQJHSURILOLDG¿YHULOLU
ĂnjĂůĚŦŒŦLJĞƌůĞƌĚĞŝƐĞLJĂƚĂŒŦŶŦŶĚĂŚĂĕŽŬLJĂŶƚĂƌĂĨůĂƌŦŶĂĕĂƌƉĂƌĂŬĂƔŦŶĚŦƌŵĂLJĂƉĂƌ͘ƵĚƵƌƵŵĂ ŬĂƌƐƵLJƵŶLJĂƚĂŬĞŒŝŵŝŶŝŶĂnjĂůĚŦŒŦǀĞĂŬŦƔŚŦnjŦŶŦŶLJĂǀĂƔůĂĚŦŒŦLJĞƌůĞƌĚĞLJĂƚĂŒŦŶŦLJĂŶůĂƌĂĚŽŒƌƵ
EXQDÅHODOH£D½OD\DQYH\D£DYODQ DG¿YHULOLU
ÅHNLOOHQGLULFLHWNLOHULWDÅ¿G¿½¿VX
N¸WOHVLYHPDO]HPH\OHGR½UX
RUDQW¿O¿G¿U$NDUVXODU¿Q\HU\¸]¸Q¸
ÅHNLOOHQGLUPHVLQGHLNOLP²]HOOLNOHUL
\HU\¸]¸ÅHNLOOHULND\D£ODU¿QJH£LUJHQOLN
da LJĂŶĂĂƔŦŶĚŦƌŵĂ ĚĞŶŝƌ͘ŬĂƌƐƵLJƵŶLJĂƚĂŒŦŶŦƚĂďĂŶƐĞǀŝLJĞƐŝŶĞŬĂĚĂƌLJĂŬůĂƔƚŦƌŵĂƐŦĚƵƌƵŵƵŶĂ &HYDS%
denge$NDUVXODU¿QDÅ¿QG¿UPDV¿\OD£HÅLWOL\HU
profili ĂĚŦǀĞƌŝůŝƌ͘ ĂƔŦŶĚŦƌŵĂƐŦLJůĂŽůƵƔƚƵƌĚƵŒƵǀĂĚŝůĞƌĚŝƌ͘ ƵǀĂĚŝůĞƌŝŶŝĕŝŶĚĞŶŐĞĕĞŶĂŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌŦŶŚĞƌŝŬŝLJĂŵĂĐŦ
GHQLUÄHODOHOHUGHVX\XQDÅD½¿G¸ÅW¸½¸ 'D½(WH½L2YDV¿%LUGD½HWH½L
ŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌǀĞƐĞůƐƵůĂƌŦŶŦŶĂƔŦŶĚŦƌŵĂĨĂĂůŝLJĞƚůĞƌŝƐŽŶƵĐƵŶĚĂĕĞƔŝƚůŝLJĞƌƔĞŬŝůůĞƌŝŽůƵƔƵƌ͘
ÅHNLOOHULROXÅXU \HUGH\DSW¿½¿DÅ¿QG¿UPD\ODROXÅWXUGX½X ER\XQFDROXÅPXÅ£RNVD\¿GDELULNLQWL
ĚĂŽůĚƵŬĕĂĚƺnjĚƺƌ͘ƵŶĞĚĞŶůĞĂŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌ͕ƚĂďĂŶůŦǀĂĚŝůĞƌde menderesler (ďƺŬůƺŵ) 6258
E¸\¸N£XNXUODUDGHYND]DQ¿DG¿YHULOLU NRQLVLYH\D\HOSD]HVLQLQ]DPDQOD $ÅD½¿GDNLDNDUVXYDGLOH
ŽůƵƔƚƵƌĂƌĂŬĂŬĂƌ.
.¿UJ¿ED\¿U%LWNL²UW¸V¸Q¸Q]D\¿I ELUOHÅPHVL\OHROXÅDQKDILIH½LPOL ULQGHQKDQJLVL£²]¸QHELOHQ
²]HOOLNOHULYHELWNL²UW¸V¸JLELIDNW²UOHU ROGX½X\DPD£ODUGDVHOVXODU¿Q¿Q\DSW¿½¿ G¸]O¸NOHUGLU*²UVHO
Ğǀ<ĂnjĂŶŦ͗ŬĂƌƐƵLJĂƚĂŒŦďŽLJƵŶĐĂĚŝƌĞŶĐŝĨĂnjůĂďŝƌŬĂLJĂƚƺƌƺŶĚĞŶĚŝƌĞŶĕƐŝnjďŝƌŬĂLJĂƚƺƌƺŶĞ ND\D£ODU¿Q\D\J¿QROGX½X
GHHWNLOLGLU<HU\¸]¸QGHG¿ÅNXYYHWOHU DÅ¿QG¿UPDVRQXFXROXÅPXÅID]ODFD 'D½û£L2YDV¿<¸NVHNYHHQJHEHOL DODQODUGDJ²U¸OHQGHULQ\D
ŐĞĕŝůĚŝŒŝŶĚĞ ĂƔŦŶŵĂŶŦŶ ĂƌƚŵĂƐŦLJůĂ ĚŝŬůŝŬůĞƌ DODQODU¿QH½LPLQD]DOG¿½¿E²OJHOHUGH
\DU¿QW¿O¿DUD]LOHUGLU ŽůƵƔƵƌ͘ ŬĂƌƐƵ ďƵ ĚŝŬůŝŬůĞƌĚĞ LJƺŬƐĞŬƚĞŶ ĚƺƔĞƌ͕
L£HULVLQGHHQJHQLÅHWNLDODQ¿QDVDKLS
ďƵŶĂ ƔĞůĂůĞ͕ ĕĂŒůĂLJĂŶ ǀĞLJĂ ĕĂǀůĂŶ ĚĞŶŝƌ͘ bĞůĂůĞůĞƌĚĞ PD£ODU¿GLNYH\DEDVDPDNO¿
ƐƵLJƵŶ ĂƔĂŒŦ ĚƺƔƚƺŒƺ LJĞƌĚĞ LJĂƉƚŦŒŦ
RODQDNDUVXODU²]HOOLNOHHNYDWRUDO 3HUL%DFDODU¿.XPOXWDQHOL\XPXÅDN DNDUVXODU¿QYHVHOVXODU¿Q¿QJHWLUGL½L RODQYDGLW¸U¸G¸U"
YHRUWDNXÅDNWDGDKDHWNLOLGLU ĂƔŦŶĚŦƌŵĂLJůĂŽůƵƔƚƵƌĚƵŒƵďƺLJƺŬĕƵŬƵƌůĂƌĂĚĞǀŬĂnjĂŶŦ
\DS¿O¿WDÅODU¿QEXOXQGX½XH½LPOL ĂĚŦǀĞƌŝůir.
DO¸Y\RQODU¿ELULNWLUPHVL\OHROXÅWXUGX½X
$„HQWLN %$VLPHWULN
$NDUVXODU\DWDNODU¿Q¿JHUL\H\DQD <ŦƌŐŦďĂLJŦƌ͗ ŝƚŬŝ ƂƌƚƺƐƺŶƺŶ njĂLJŦĨ ŽůĚƵŒƵ LJĂŵĂĕůĂƌĚĂ
\DPD£ODUGDDNDUVXYHVHOVXODU¿Q¿Q ƐĞů ƐƵůĂƌŦŶŦŶ LJĂƉƚŦŒŦ ĂƔŦŶĚŦƌŵĂ ƐŽŶƵĐƵ
G¸]O¸NOHUGLU*²UVHO
&%R½D] '*HQLÅWDEDQO¿
Ders K)Z&z
GHULQHGR½UXDÅ¿QG¿U¿UYHDÅ¿QG¿UG¿½¿ DÅ¿QG¿UPDV¿\ODROXÅDQ\HUÅHNLOOHULGLU
ŽůƵƔŵƵƔ͕ĨĂnjůĂĐĂLJĂƌŦŶƚŦůŦĂƌĂnjŝůĞƌĚŝƌ͘ 7DEDQ6HYL\HVL2YDV¿7DÅN¿Q
3ODWR$NDUVXODU¿QGHULQYDGLOHUOH 2YDV¿$NDUVXODU¿QD½¿]ODU¿QD\DN¿Q (.DQ\RQ &HYDS(
PDO]HPHOHULX\JXQRUWDPODUGD
^ŦŶŦĨ 10
ELULNWLUHUHN\HU\¸]¸Q¸ÅHNLOOHQGLULU Vadi: 9DGL$NDUVX\XQ\DWD½¿Q¿GHULQH WĞƌŝĂĐĂůĂƌŦ͗ <ƵŵůƵ͕ƚĂŶĞůŝLJƵŵƵƔĂŬLJĂƉŦůŦƚĂƔůĂƌŦŶďƵůƵŶĚƵŒƵĞŒŝŵůŝLJĂŵĂĕůĂƌĚĂĂŬĂƌƐƵǀĞ
ŬĂƌƐƵLJƵŶLJĂƚĂŒŦŶŦĚĞƌŝŶĞǀĞLJĂŶĂĚŽŒƌƵĂƔŦŶĚŦƌŵĂƐŦLJůĂŽůƵƔĂŶLJĂƌŦŶƚŦůĂƌĂvadi denir.SDU£DODG¿½¿KDILIHQJHEHOL\¸NVHN N¿V¿PODU¿QGDJHQLÅWDEDQO¿YDGLOHU
Konu /b<hssd>Z7EzZb<7>>Z7E7EK>hbhD^mZ7E <ƵŵůƵ͕ ƚĂŶĞůŝ ĂƌĂnjŝůĞƌ ŬŽůĂLJ ĂƔŦŶŦƌŬĞŶ 6258
AkarsuLJƵŶLJĂƚĂŒŦďŽLJƵŶĐĂĂƌĂnjŝŶŝŶĞŒŝŵŝŶĞ͕ũĞŽůŽũŝŬLJĂƉŦƐŦŶĂ͕ĂŬĂƌƐƵLJƵŶĂŬŦƔŚŦnjŦŶĂǀĞ
%X\ROOD\HU\¸]¸Q¸QÅHNLOOHQGL½L YH\DQDGR½UXDÅ¿QG¿UPDV¿\ODROXÅDQ
ĂƔŦŶĚŦƌŵĂŐƺĐƺŶĞďĂŒůŦŽůĂƌĂŬĨĂƌŬůŦǀĂĚŝƚŝƉůĞƌŝŽůƵƔŵƵƔƚƵƌ͘ ƐĞů ƐƵůĂƌŦŶŦŶ
G¸]O¸NOHUGLU ĂƔŦŶĚŦƌŵĂƐŦLJůĂ ŽůƵƔĂŶ LJĞƌ ƔĞŬŝůůĞƌŝĚŝƌ͘
ROXÅXU$NDUVX\XQEXYDGLL£LQGHNL
d<7>Z7- (AKARSULAR)
DUD]LOHUHDNDUVXWRSR½UDI\DV¿GHQLU \DU¿QW¿ODUDYDGLGHQLUROXÅPXÅWXU
Çentik Vadi ĚŝƌĞŶĕůŝŬĂLJĂĕůĂƌĚĂŶŽůƵƔĂŶďůŽŬůĂƌŦŶĂůƚŦŶĚĂŬĂůĂŶŬŦƐŦŵůĂƌĚĂŚĂĂnjĂƔŦŶŵĂLJĂƵŒƌĂƌ͘ƂLJůĞĐĞ $NDUVX\XQGR½GX½X
$NDUVXODU¿QGR½GX½X\HUHND\QDN
zĂLJŦŶdĂƌŝŚŝ 26 <ĂƐŦŵϮϬϮϬ
ND\QDNWDQLWLEDUHQL£LQGHDNW¿½¿
£XNXUOX½D\DWDNGHQL]HYH\DELUJ²OH
G²N¸OHUHNVRQODQG¿½¿\HUHLVHD½¿]
DG¿YHULOLU$NDUVX\XQND\QD½D\DN¿Q
ŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌŦŶKůƵƔƚƵƌĚƵŒƵzĞƌLJƺnjƺbĞŬŝůůĞƌŝ
N¿VP¿QD\XNDU¿£¿½¿UD½]¿QD\DN¿Q
N¿VP¿QDDÅD½¿£¿½¿ULNLVLDUDV¿QGDNDODQ
ĞƔŝƚůŝŬĂLJŶĂŬůĂƌĚĂŶďĞƐůĞŶĞƌĞŬLJĞƌLJƺnjƺŶĚĞĞŒŝŵĚŽŒƌƵůƚƵƐƵŶĚĂďŝƌLJĂƚĂŬŝĕŝŶĚĞĂŬŦƔĂŐĞĕĞŶ
N¿VP¿QDLVHRUWD£¿½¿UGHQLU$NDUVXODU
sulara genel olarak akarsu ĚĞŶŝƌ͘ƺLJƺŬůƺŬůĞƌŝŶĞŐƂƌĞƐĞů͕ĚĞƌĞ͕ĕĂLJ͕ŦƌŵĂŬǀĞLJĂŶĞŚŝƌ
\D½PXUVXODU¿HUL\HQNDUVXODU¿\HUDOW¿
ƔĞŬůŝŶĚĞĂĚůĂŶĚŦƌŦůĂŶĂŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌŦŶƔĞŬŝůůĞŶĚŝƌŝĐŝĞƚŬŝůĞƌŝƚĂƔŦĚŦŒŦƐƵŬƺƚůĞƐŝǀĞŵĂůnjĞŵĞLJůĞĚŽŒƌƵ
3HQHSOHQ<RQWXN'¸]$UD]LQLQ \DWD½¿QGDQWDÅPDV¿\ODYDGLQLQWDEDQ¿
„HQWLN9DGL
ĂŒLJĂŵĂĕůĂƌŦŶĚĂŶŚŦnjůĂŝŶĞŶĂŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌŦŶLJĂƚĂŒŦŶŦĚĞƌŝŶĞĚŽŒƌƵŬĂnjŵĂƐŦƐŽŶƵĐƵŽůƵƔĂŶ
DÅ¿QPDVRQXFXGHQL]VHYL\HVLQH\DN¿Q YHGHOWD\DJH£LÅDODQ¿¸]HULQHDO¸Y\RQ
aranjŝĚĞďĂĐĂLJĂďĞŶnjĞLJĞŶLJƺŬƐĞůƚŝůĞƌǀĞƺnjĞƌŝŶĚĞƔĂƉŬĂŐŝďŝĚƵƌĂŶďƺLJƺŬƚĂƔůĂƌŦŶďƵůƵŶĚƵŒƵ \HUHää;äääYH
ƚĂďĂŶƐŦnjǀĂĚŝůĞƌĚŝƌ͘
'D½\DPD£ODU¿QGDQK¿]ODLQHQ ELUVHYL\H\HNDGDUG¸]OHÅPHVL\OHRUWD\D \D\¿O¿U%XDO¸Y\RQODU¿QELULNPHVL\OH DNDUVX\XQG²N¸OG¸½¸\HUH
Asimetrik Vadi
DNDUVXODU¿Q\DWD½¿Q¿GHULQHGR½UX LJĞƌƔĞŬŝůůĞƌŝŵĞLJĚĂŶĂŐĞůŝƌ͘ƵLJĞƌƔĞŬŝůůĞƌŝŶĞƉĞƌŝďĂĐĂƐŦ
£¿NDQDUD]LOHUGLU ĂĚŦǀĞƌŝůŝƌ.
ROXÅDQG¸]O¸NOHUHWDEDQVHYL\HVLRYDV¿
sĂĚŝŶŝŶĚŝƌĞŶĕůĞƌŝĨĂƌŬůŦŝŬŝLJĂŵĂĐŦŶŦŶĨĂƌŬůŦŽƌĂŶĚĂĂƔŦŶŵĂƐŦLJůĂŽůƵƔƵƌ͘ŝƌLJĂŵĂĕĚĂŚĂĚŝŬ ää<äääGHQLU
ND]PDV¿VRQXFXROXÅDQWDEDQV¿]
ŝŬĞŶĚŝŒĞƌLJĂŵĂĕĚĂŚĂLJĂƚŦŬƚŦƌ͘
Plato: GHQLU
ŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌŦŶĚĞƌŝŶǀĂĚŝůĞƌůĞƉĂƌĕĂůĂĚŦŒŦŚĂĨŝĨĞŶŐĞďĞůŝLJƺŬƐĞŬĚƺnjůƺŬůĞƌĚŝƌ͘ 7DQ¿PF¸POHVLQGHNL;YH
Kanyon Vadi
YDGLOHUGLU $.$568%û5û.7û50(6û9( 'HOWD$NDUVXODU¿QWDÅ¿G¿NODU¿
<ERÅOXNODU¿QD\D]¿OPDV¿JH
ƂnjƺŶĞďŝůĞŶŬĂLJĂĕůĂƌĚĂǀĞŬĂLJĂƚĂďĂŬĂůĂƌŦŶŦŶLJĂƚĂLJƵnjĂŶĚŦŒŦĂƌĂnjŝůĞƌĚĞ;ŬĂƌƐƚŝŬĂƌĂnjŝͿ
$VLPHWULN9DGL WĞŶĞƉůĞŶ;zŽŶƚƵŬƺnjͿ͗ƌĂnjŝŶŝŶĂƔŦŶŵĂsonucu
2/8Ä$1<(5Ä(.û//(5û deniz seviyesine yaŬŦŶďŝƌƐĞǀŝLJĞLJĞŬĂĚĂƌ
DO¸Y\RQODU¿GHQL]HYH\DJ²OH
ĂŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌŦŶŽůƵƔƚƵƌĚƵŒƵǀĂĚŝůĞƌĚŝƌ͘<ĂŶLJŽŶǀĂĚŝůĞƌŽůĚƵŬĕĂĚĞƌŝŶ͕LJĂŵĂĕůĂƌŦĚŝŬǀĞLJĂ
UHNHQLIDGHOHUDÅD½¿GDNLOHU
9DGLQLQGLUHQ£OHULIDUNO¿LNL
ďĂƐĂŵĂŬůŦLJĂƉŦĚĂĚŦƌ͘
ĚƺnjůĞƔŵĞƐŝLJůĞŽƌƚĂLJĂĕŦŬĂŶĂƌĂnjŝůĞƌĚŝƌ͘
$NDUVXODU¿QDÅ¿QG¿UG¿½¿YHWDÅ¿G¿½¿ G²N¸OG¸½¸\HUGHELULNWLUPHVL\OH
ŽŒĂnjsĂĚŝ
\DPDF¿Q¿QIDUNO¿RUDQGDDÅ¿QPDV¿\OD PDO]HPHOHUHDO¸Y\RQDG¿YHULOLU$NDUVXODU ROXÅWXUGX½XG¸]O¸NOHUGLU GHQKDQJLVLQGHYHULOPLÅWLU"
ŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌŦŶĂŬŦƔLJƂŶƺŶĞĚŽŒƌƵLJƺŬƐĞŬĂƌĂnjŝůĞƌŝLJĂƌŵĂƐŦLJůĂŽůƵƔƚƵƌĚƵŒƵ͕ŐĞŶĞůlikle derin ve
;<
ROXÅXU%LU\DPD£GDKDGLNLNHQGL½HU
uzun vadilerdir. ŬĂƌƐƵŝƌŝŬƚŝƌŵĞƐŝǀĞKůƵƔĂŶzĞƌbĞŬŝůůĞƌŝ ,UPDN$GDV¿$NDUVXODU¿Q\DWDN
\DWDNH½LPLQLQD]DOG¿½¿YHDN¿ÅK¿]¿Q¿Q
\DPD£GDKD\DW¿NW¿U
ND\QDNODU¿YHJ²OOHUGHQEHVOHQLU \DYDÅODG¿½¿\HUOHUGHWDÅ¿G¿½¿PDO]HPHOHUL H½LPLQLQD]DOG¿½¿\HUOHUGHWDÅ¿G¿½¿ $.D\QDN+DY]D
.DQ\RQ9DGL ŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌŦŶ ĂƔŦŶĚŦƌĚŦŒŦ ǀĞ ƚĂƔŦĚŦŒŦ ŵĂůnjĞŵĞůĞƌĞ ĂůƺǀLJŽŶ ĂĚŦ ǀĞƌŝůŝƌ͘
DO¸Y\RQODU¿NHQGL\DWD½¿Q¿QL£LQH ŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌ͕ LJĂƚĂŬ %$½¿].D\QDN
ŽƌĂŶƚŦůŦĚŦƌ͘ƵŶƵŶLJĂŶŦŶĚĂĂŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌŦŶLJĞƌLJƺnjƺŶƺƔĞŬŝůůĞŶĚŝƌŵĞƐŝŶĚĞŝŬůŝŵƂnjĞůůŝŬůĞƌŝ͕LJĞƌLJƺnjƺ \DWD½¿QDYH£HYUHVLQHE¿UDN¿U%XV¸UHFH ĞŒŝŵŝŶŝŶ ĂnjĂůĚŦŒŦ ǀĞ ĂŬŦƔ ŚŦnjŦŶŦŶ LJĂǀĂƔůĂĚŦŒŦ LJĞƌůĞƌĚĞ ƚĂƔŦĚŦŒŦ ŵĂůnjĞŵĞůĞƌŝ LJĂƚĂŒŦŶĂ ǀĞ &.D\QDN$½¿]
$.$568$Ä,1',50$6,9( „²]¸QHELOHQND\D£ODUGDYHND\D DNDUVXELULNWLUPHVLGHQLU ELULNWLUPHOHUL\OHROXÅWXUGX½XNXP
ƔĞŬŝůůĞƌŝ͕ŬĂLJĂĕůĂƌŦŶŐĞĕŝƌŐĞŶůŝŬƂnjĞůůŝŬůĞƌŝǀĞďŝƚŬŝƂƌƚƺƐƺŐŝďŝĨĂŬƚƂƌůĞƌĚĞĞƚŬŝůŝĚŝƌ͘zĞƌLJƺnjƺŶĚĞ
2/8Ä$1<(5Ä(.û//(5û WDEDNDODU¿Q¿Q\DWD\X]DQG¿½¿DUD]LOHUGH ĕĞǀƌĞƐŝŶĞďŦƌĂŬŦƌ͘ƵƐƺƌĞĐĞakarsu %LULNWLUPHDODQODU¿QGDDNDUVX\XQ biriktirmesi denir.
DGDF¿NODUG¿U '+DY]D.D\QDN
ĚŦƔŬƵǀǀĞƚůĞƌŝĕĞƌŝƐŝŶĚĞĞŶŐĞŶŝƔĞƚŬŝĂůĂŶŦŶĂƐĂŚŝƉŽůĂŶĂŬĂƌsular͕ƂnjĞůůŝŬůĞĞŬǀĂƚŽƌĂůǀĞŽƌƚĂ
$NDUVXODUDN¿ÅJ²VWHUGL½LDODQGD NDUVWLNDUD]LDNDUVXODU¿QROXÅWXUGX½X DN¿PPLNWDU¿Q¿QID]ODROGX½X 0HQGHUHV<DWDNH½LPLQLQD]DOG¿½¿
ŝƌŝŬƚŝƌŵĞĂůĂŶůĂƌŦŶĚĂĂŬĂƌƐƵLJƵŶĂŬŦŵŵŝŬƚĂƌŦŶŦŶĨĂnjůĂŽůĚƵŒƵĚƂŶĞŵlerde iri boyutta ($½¿]+DY]D
DÅ¿QG¿UPD\DSDU%XDÅ¿QG¿UPD YDGLOHUGLU.DQ\RQYDGLOHUROGXN£D
ŬƵƔĂŬƚĂĚĂŚĂĞƚŬŝůŝĚŝƌ͘ŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌ͖LJĂƚĂŬůĂƌŦŶŦŐĞƌŝLJĞ͕LJĂŶĂ͕ĚĞƌŝŶĞĚŽŒƌƵĂƔŦŶĚŦƌŦƌǀĞĂƔŦŶĚŦƌĚŦŒŦ G²QHPOHUGHLULER\XWWDPDO]HPH \HUOHUGHDNDUVX\XQ\DWD½¿Q¿\DQD &HYDS&
GHULQ\DPD£ODU¿GLNYH\DEDVDPDNO¿
ŵĂůnjĞŵĞďŝƌŝŬŝƌ͘ŬŦŵŵŝŬƚĂƌŦŶŦŶĂnjĂůĚŦŒŦĚƂŶĞŵůĞrde ise daha ince boyutta
GR½UXDÅ¿QG¿UPDV¿\ODYHDO¸Y\RQODU¿Q
malzeme birikir
malzemeleƌŝƵLJŐƵŶŽƌƚĂŵůĂƌĚĂďŝƌŝŬƚŝƌĞƌĞŬLJĞƌLJƺnjƺŶƺƔĞŬŝůůĞŶĚŝƌŝƌ͘ƵLJŽůůĂLJĞƌLJƺnjƺŶƺŶ
JHQHOOLNOHVX\XQYHVXL£LQGHNL ELULNLU$N¿PPLNWDU¿Q¿QD]DOG¿½¿ 6258
\DS¿GDG¿U ǀĞĕĞƔŝƚůŝLJĞƌƔĞŬŝůůĞƌŝŽůƵƔƵƌ͘
G²QHPOHUGHLVHGDKDLQFHER\XWWD ELULNWLUPHVL\OHROXÅWXUGX½X
PDWHU\DOOHULQ\DWD½¿QDOW¿QDYH
ƔĞŬŝůůĞŶĚŝŒŝĂƌĂnjŝůĞƌĞakarsu ƚŽƉŽŒƌĂĨLJĂƐŦ denir. ŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌŦŶĚŽŒĚƵŒƵLJĞƌĞkaynak, kaynaktan PDO]HPHELULNLUYH£HÅLWOL\HUÅHNLOOHUL %LUDNDUVX\XQE¸NO¸POHU
\DQODU¿QD£DUSPDV¿\ODIL]LNVHODÅ¿QG¿UPD %R½D]9DGL E¸NO¸POHUGLU
itibaren ŝĕŝŶĚĞĂŬƚŦŒŦĕƵŬƵƌůƵŒĂyatak͕ĚĞŶŝnjĞǀĞLJĂďŝƌŐƂůĞĚƂŬƺůĞƌĞŬƐŽŶůĂŶĚŦŒŦLJĞƌĞŝƐĞĂŒŦnj
$NDUVXODU¿QDN¿Å\²Q¸QHGR½UX PHQGHUHV£L]HUHNDN¿Å
ÅHNOLQGHJHU£HNOHÅLU$Å¿QG¿UPDED]HQ J²VWHUHELOPHVLL£LQRDNDU
VX\XQND\D£W¸UOHULQLNLP\DVDORODUDN \¸NVHNDUD]LOHUL\DUPDV¿\OD
ĂĚŦǀĞƌŝůŝƌ͘ŬĂƌƐƵLJƵŶŬĂLJŶĂŒĂLJĂŬŦŶŬŦƐŵŦŶĂLJƵŬĂƌŦĕŦŒŦƌ͕ĂŒnjŦŶĂLJĂŬŦŶŬŦƐŵŦŶĂĂƔĂŒŦĕŦŒŦƌ, ikisi 'DŸHWHŸLRYDV¡
ROXÅWXUGX½XJHQHOOLNOHGHULQYHX]XQ Birikinti yelpazesi VX\XQ
ĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂŬĂůĂŶŬŦƐŵŦŶĂŝƐĞŽƌƚĂĕŦŒŦƌ
£²]PHVLÅHNOLQGHGHJHU£HNOHÅHELOLU ĚĞŶŝƌ͘ŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌ͖LJĂŒŵƵƌƐƵůĂƌŦ͕ĞƌŝLJĞŶŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌŦ͕LJĞƌĂůƚŦ 'DŸLˆLRYDV¡
YDGLOHUGLU ,GHELVLQLQD]ROPDV¿
$NDUVX\XQDÅ¿QG¿UPDJ¸F¸
ŬĂLJŶĂŬůĂƌŦǀĞŐƂůůĞƌĚĞŶďĞƐůĞŶŝƌ͘ %LULNLQWLNRQLVL
Asit-Baz Tepkimeleri : Asit ŝůĞďĂnjŦŶƚĞƉŬŝŵĞLJĞŐŝƌĞƌĞŬƚƵnjǀĞƐƵŽůƵƔƚƵƌŵĂƐŦŶĂŶƂƚƌĂůůĞƔme tepkimesi denir.
*HQLÅ7DEDQO¿9DGL ,,DN¿ÅK¿]¿Q¿QID]ODRO
+ $NDUVX\XQ\DWDNH½LPLQLQ
AsitD]DOG¿½¿YHDN¿ÅK¿]¿Q¿Q\DYDÅODG¿½¿
Baz їTuz + Su PDV¿
,UPDNDGDV¡ ,,,\DWDNH½LPLQLQD]
HCl(suda)\HUOHUGH\DWD½¿Q¿\DQODUDGR½UX
+ NaOH(suda) їNaCl(suda) + H2O(s) ROPDV¿
Tuz, katyon (HDÅ¿QG¿UPDV¿\ODROXÅWXUGX½X
+
ŚĂƌŝĕͿǀĞĂŶLJŽŶĚĂŶ;K,- ŚĂƌŝĕͿŽůƵƔĂŶŝLJŽŶŝŬďŝůĞƔŝŬƚŝƌ͘dƵnjŽůƵƔƵƌŬĞŶ, tuzun katyonu bazdan, ,9\DQDDÅ¿QG¿UPDJ¸F¸
YDGLOHUGLU%XYDGLOHULQ Q¸QID]ODROPDV¿
anyonu asitten gelir. L£LQGHQJH£HQ 7DEDQVHYL\HVLRYDV¡ ²]HOOLNOHULQGHQKDQJLOHUL
2HNO3(suda) + Ba(OH)2(suda) ї Ba(NO3)2(suda) + 2H2O(s) QHVDKLSROPDV¿JHUHNLU"
H2SO4(suda) + 2NaOH(suda) ї Na2SO4(suda) + 2H2O(s) Delta $,YH,, %,YH,,,
3HCl(suda) + Al(OH)3(suda) ї AlCI3(suda) + 3H2O(s) &,,YH,,, ',,YH,9
Her asit-ďĂnjƚĞƉŬŝŵĞƐŝŶƂƚƌĂůůĞƔŵĞƚĞƉŬŝŵĞƐŝĚĞŒŝůĚŝƌ͘PƌŶĞŒŝŶĂŵŽŶLJĂŬ;E,3) baz, hidroklorik asit (HCI) asit (,,,YH,9 &HYDS(
ŽůŵĂƐŦŶĂƌĂŒŵĞŶƚĞƉŬŝŵĞƐŽŶƵĐƵŶĚĂƐƵŽůƵƔŵĂĚŦŒŦŝĕŝŶŶƂƚƌĂůůĞƔŵĞƚĞƉŬŝŵĞƐŝĚĞŒŝů͕ĂƐŝƚ-baz tepkimesidir.
f‡‹ŽǣAkarsu kesiti bĞŬŝů: ŬĂƌƐƵůĂƌŦŶďŝƌŝŬƚŝƌŵĞƔĞŬŝůůĞƌŝ
NH3(g) + HCl(g) ї NH4Cl(k)
Baz Asit Tuz