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IDDOL\HWOHULGH²QSODQD£¿NDELOPHNWHGLU ÜGDQID]OD ÄHKUL ÄHKLU
( <¸U¸W¸OHQHNRQR
ŒƵŶĂĚŽůƵ͛ŶƵŶŬŦƌƐĂůŬĞƐŝŵůĞƌŝŶĚĞŐƂƌƺůƺƌ͘ PLNIDDOL\HWOHU
Dairesel LJĞƌůĞƔŵĞƂƌŶĞŒŝ .²\DOW¿\HUOHÅPHOHULN²\GHQN¸£¸N
Sorular ã/LPDQ ãýGDUL
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ÄHKUL ÄHKLU
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dŽƉůƵLJĞƌůĞƔŵĞƂƌŶĞŒŝ Soru 1
LGDULRODUDNN²\HED½O¿WHNHY\DGDELU
ĞLJĂŒŦƔŦŶĨĂnjůĂ͕LJĞƌƔĞŬŝůůĞƌŝŶŝŶĞŶŐĞďĞůŝ͕ƚĂƌŦŵĂƌĂnjŝƐŝŶŝŶĂnjǀĞƉĂƌĕĂůŦŽůĚƵŒƵďƂlgelerde 3.
6XND\QDNODU¿Q¿QYH\D½¿Å¿QID]OD\HU zĞƌůĞƔŵĞůĞƌĚĂŝƌĞƐĞů͕ĕŝnjŐŝƐĞů͕ƚŽƉůƵǀĞĚĂŒŦŶŦŬĚŽŬƵůĂƌĚĂŽůĂďŝůŵĞŬƚĞĚŝƌ͘
ND£HYGHQROXÅDQ\HUOHÅPHOHUGLU ÄHKLUOHUQ¸IXVODU¿QDJ²UHIDUNO¿
zak ǀĞŵĞƐĂĨĞůŝŬƵƌƵůŵƵƔƚƵƌ͘ƵƚƺƌLJĞƌůĞƔŵĞĚŽŬƵƐƵŶĂĚĂŒŦŶŦŬLJĞƌůĞƔŵĞ denir. Bu 'D½¿Q¿N\HUOHÅPHOHU
ÅHNLOOHULQLQHQJHEHOLWDU¿PDUD]LVLQLQD] .²\DOW¿\HUOHÅPHOHUL\¿OER\XQFDNR
zĞƌůĞƔŵĞĚŽŬƵůĂƌŦŶŦŶďƵƔĞŬŝůĚĞĨĂƌŬůŦůŦŬŐƂƐƚĞƌŵĞƐŝƺnjĞƌŝŶĚĞ͖
E¸\¸NO¸NWHRODELOHFH½LJLEL²QSODQGDNL
irinden uzak meskenler patika yollarla birbirine baŒůĂŶŵŦƔƚŦƌ͘ĂŒŦŶŦŬLJĞƌůĞƔŵĞůĞƌ OHLOJLOL
YHSDU£DO¿ROGX½XE²OJHOHUGHHYOHUELUEL
Ŭ<ĂƌĂĚĞŶŝnjŬŦLJŦŬƵƔĂŒŦŶĚĂĚĂŒLJĂŵĂĕůĂƌŦŶĚĂŬŝŬŦƌƐĂůŬĞƐŝŵůĞƌĚĞŐƂƌƺůƺƌ͘
QDNODPDV¸UHVLQHJ²UHGHYDPO¿YH\DJH
I. Yer ƔĞŬŝůůĞƌŝ HNRQRPLNIDDOL\HWOHUYHVRV\DO\DS¿ODU¿
£LFL\HUOHÅPHOHUÅHNOLQGHV¿Q¿IODQG¿U¿O¿U%X ,$OW\DS¿LPNžQOD
ULQGHQX]DNYHPHVDIHOLNXUXOPXÅWXU%X
Mesken Tipleri II. Su ŬĂLJŶĂŬůĂƌŦ EDN¿P¿QGDQGDIDUNO¿O¿NJ²VWHUPHNWHGLU
W¸U\HUOHÅPHGRNXVXQDGD½¿Q¿N\HUOHÅPH<ŦƌƐĂůLJĞƌůĞƔŵĞůĞƌĚĞŵĞƐŬĞŶLJĂƉŦŵŦŶĚĂŬƵůůĂŶŦůĂŶŵĂůnjĞŵĞĕĞǀƌĞĚĞŬŝĚŽŒĂůŽƌƚĂŵŬŽƔƵůůĂƌŦŶĂŐƂƌĞ \HUOHÅPHOHULQELUN¿VP¿GHYDPO¿ PDKDOOH %LUÅHKLUGHELU\DGDELUGHQID]ODIRQNVL U¿Q¿QN¿V¿WO¿ROPDV¿
ĂŒŦŶŦŬLJĞƌůĞƔŵĞƂƌŶĞŒŝ III. UůĂƔŦŵĨĂĂůŝLJĞƚůĞƌŝ ,,<HUOHÅPHOHULQ
GHQLU%X\HUOHÅPHOHUGHELUELULQGHQX]DN ĂŚƔĂƉ͕ƚĂƔ͕ƚŽƉƌĂŬǀď͘ŽůĂbilmektedir.GLYDQPH]UD£LIWOLN ELUN¿VP¿LVHJH£LFL
Dairesel LJĞƌůĞƔŵĞƂƌŶĞŒŝ
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ǀĞƌŝůĞŶůĞƌĚĞŶŚĂŶŐŝůĞƌŝĞƚŬŝůŝŽůŵƵƔƚƵƌ͍ NDSODG¿½¿DODQ¿QJHQLÅ
PHVNHQOHUSDWLND\ROODUODELUELULQHED½
dŽƉůƵLJĞƌůĞƔŵĞƂƌŶĞŒŝ
A) zĂůŶŦnj/͘ ROPDV¿
ODQP¿ÅW¿U'D½¿Q¿N\HUOHÅPHOHU7¸UNL\HÜGH
ĞLJĂŒŦƔŦŶĨĂnjůĂ͕LJĞƌƔĞŬŝůůĞƌŝŶŝŶĞŶŐĞďĞůŝ͕ƚĂƌŦŵĂƌĂnjŝƐŝŶŝŶĂnjǀĞƉĂƌĕĂůŦŽůĚƵŒƵďƂlgelerde
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uzak ǀĞŵĞƐĂĨĞůŝŬƵƌƵůŵƵƔƚƵƌ͘ƵƚƺƌLJĞƌůĞƔŵĞĚŽŬƵƐƵŶĂĚĂŒŦŶŦŬLJĞƌůĞƔŵĞ
GDKD£RN.DUDGHQL]N¿\¿NXÅD½¿QGDGD½ denir. Bu
birinden uzak meskenler patika yollarla birbirine baŒůĂŶŵŦƔƚŦƌ͘ĂŒŦŶŦŬLJĞƌůĞƔŵĞůĞƌ C) I ve II. XODÅ¿PRODQDNODU¿Q¿Q
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D) II ve III.
Mesken Tipleri JLEL²]HOOLNOHUGHQ
E) I, II ve III. KDQJLOHULQHXODÅ¿ODELOLU"
ĂŒŦŶŦŬLJĞƌůĞƔŵĞƂƌŶĞŒŝ Cevap: E
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dĂƔŵĞƐŬĞŶ ŚƔĂƉŵĞƐŬĞŶ Toprak mesken &HYDS(
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ĂŒŦŶŦŬLJĞƌůĞƔŵĞƂƌŶĞŒŝ
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UDNEXOXQGX½X\HUOHUGH\D\J¿QG¿U 'ĞŶĞůůŝŬůĞŽƌŵĂŶůŦŬ <ƵƌĂŬǀĞLJĂƌŦŬƵƌĂŬŝŬůŝŵĂůĂŶůĂƌŦŶĚĂ
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