858 214 1504 -37.10 -22.12 -3.

46
V13 V23 M11
858 214 1504 -37.10 -22.12 -3.46
VALIDATION

Element Detail

DESIGN OF A SHELL ELEMENT

Plate no. = 858
Load Combination. = 214
F11 = -4.07 kN/m Compression
F22 = -19.35 kN/m Compression
F12 = 3.801 kN/m

V13 = -37.10 kN/m

V23 = -22.12 kN/m

M11 = -3.46 kN-m/m
M22 = 0.70 kN-m/m
M12 = -0.54 kN-m/m

Calculations:
θ = Inclination of principal planes = 0.23 radians From Mohr's theorem
F'11 = F11 Cos2ϴ + F22 Sin2ϴ+F12 Sin2ϴ
= -3.17 kN/m
F'22 = F11 Sin ϴ + F22y Cos2ϴ-F12 Sin2ϴ
2

= -20.244 kN/m
M'11 M11 Cos ϴ + M22 Sin2ϴ+M12 Sin2ϴ
2

= -3.479 kN-m/m
M'22 = M11 Sin2ϴ + M22 Cos2ϴ-M12 Sin2ϴ
= 0.719 kN-m/m
M'12 = M12 Cos2ϴ + (M22 -M11) Cosϴ Sinϴ
= 0.446 kN-m/m
V'13 V13 Cosϴ + V23 Sinϴ
= 41.177 kN/m
V'23 -V13Sinϴ + V23 Cosϴ
= 13.048 kN/m
Moment Modification by Woods Criteria
+ve M"11 = M'11+|M'12| far face/(-) Z face
= -3.03 <0
= 0.00 kN-m
+ve M"22 = M'22+|M'12| far face/(-) Z face
= 1.17 >0
= 1.17 kN-m
 -ve M"11 = M'11-|M'12| near face/(+) Z face
= -3.925 <0
= -3.93 kN-m
-ve M"22 = M'22-|M'12| near face/(+) Z face
= 0.27 >0
= 0.00 kN-m
+ve M"11 = 0.00 kN-m
+ve M"22 = 1.17 kN-m
-ve M"11 = -3.93 kN-m
-ve M"22 = 0.00 kN-m

Principal forces:
So,

= 293.38 KN/m
Similarly,

= - 139.35 KN/m
As forces calculated here are on the principal
plane so there would be no inplane shear
stress on the principal plane
But the out of plane shear forces should be
considered on the principal plane

=
44.4KN/m

= 25.5
KN/m
Principal moments:
Likewise of forces in the principal plane,
these can also be calculated as

So,

= 7.98 KN-m/m
Similarly,

=
 = - 20.608 KN/m

Twisting moment in the principal plane,

= - 14.27
cos2(308.63) + (- 4.59 + 8.04)
cos(308.63)
sin(308.63)
= 1.46 KN-m/m
In order to include the twisting moment for
design consideration
We can incorporate Wood and Armer
Method
where,

Here,
All the four equations were evaluated
+ve M'u11 =
7.98 + 1.46 = 9.44 KN-m/m
-ve M'u11 =
7.98 – 1.46 = 6.52 KN-m/m
+ve M'u22 = -
20.608 + 1.46 = -19.15 KN-m/m
-ve M'u22 = -
20.608 -1.46 = - 22.07 KN-m/m

Steel Reinforcement (Ast):

Initially dia, spacing of the reinforcement per
unit meter on top and bottom for both the
directions are considered
In this case, dia = 12mm, spacing = 150 mm
&
Ast = π/4

= 753. 982 mm2/m

It is applicable for all the directions
So to measure for the principal directions
If we can observe if Ast1 = Ast2 , then for a given

So,
'+3 Ast'1 = 753. 982mm2/m
'-3 Ast'1 = 753. 982mm2/m
'+3 Ast'2 = 753. 982mm2/m
'-3 Ast'2 = 753. 982mm2/m
Design Shear in the Principal Plane:
In 1- Direction, F111 = 293.38 KN/m Ly = 1000 mm, τc = 0.18 x
/ ϒC = 0.71 MPa
Here Axial force is in tension
Delta = 1 - Pu /Pr
Pu = F11 , Pr = 0.35 x
x b x d = 432.76 KN/m
Hence, Delta = 1- 0.68
= 0.32
For shear strength only concrete strength in shear is considered
VuS'1 = Abs(V113) - ((D – Clear cover- (Dia. of bar in 1- direction)/2) x Ly x τc13) x Delta / 1000
= 44.4 – (250 – 35-12/2) x 1000 x 0.71 x 0.32/1000
= -3.09 KN/m
In 2- Direction, F122 = - 139.35 KN/m Lx = 1000 mm, τc = 0.18 x
/ ϒC = 0.71 MPa
Here Axial force is in compression
Delta = 1 + 3 x Pu / (fck x Ag)
Pu = F22 , Ag = Lx x D
Hence, Delta = 1 + 0.0477
= 1.0477
For shear strength only concrete strength is considered
VuS'2 = Abs(V123) - ((D – Clear cover – (bar dia in 1- direction) – (bar dia in 2-direction)/2) x Lx x τc23) x Delta / 1
= 25.5 – (250 – 35- 12 -12/2) x 1000 x 0.71 x 1.0477/1000
= 25.5 – 146.54
= -121.04 KN/m
Design Moments:
As the moments here,

+ve M'u11 = 9.44 KN-m/m

-ve M'u11 = - 22.07 KN-m/m
Plate is being subjected to Axial load and Uni-axial Bending in their respective directions,
By considering both the axes separately,

, So to the corresponding axial force

From SP-16, Chart – 74 (Tension with bending)

, D = 250 mm , fck = 35 MPa , fy = 500 MPa

d1/ D = 0.12
Pu/(fck x b x D) = 0.033
and p/fck = 0.017
Hence Mc11 = 0.02 x fck x b x D2
= 43.75 KN-m/m
Interaction Ratio – 1 direction = 9.44/43.75 = 0.216
Similarly for other direction,

,
From SP-16, Chart – 38 (Compression with bending)

, D = 250 mm
d1/ D = 0.212
Pu/(fck x b x D) = 0.016
and p/fck = 0.017
Hence Mc22 = 0.04 x fck x b x D2
= 87.5 KN-m/m
Since reinforcement is provided in both top and bottom, direction of the moment doesn’t matter
Interaction Ratio –2 direction = 22.07/87.5 = 0.252
Since out of plane shear in both principal planes are less than the shear capacities of the section, Shear reinforcem
 0.70 -0.54 -4.07 -19.35 3.80
M22 M12 F11 F22 F12
0.70 -0.54 -4.07 -19.35 3.80
Local axis 3 is always normal to the plane of the shell element
The local 2 axis is taken to have an upward (+Z) sense unless the element is horizontal
The local 1 axis is horizontal, i.e., it lies in the X-Y plane

F11: Direct force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 1-axis direction.
F22: Direct force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 2-axis direction.

F12: Shearing force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 2-axis direction,
and acting on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 1-axis direction.

V13: Out-of-plane shear per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 3-axis
direction.

V23: Out-of-plane shear per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 3-axis
direction.

M11: Direct moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on the positive and negative 1 faces about the 2-axis.
M22: Direct moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on the positive and negative 2 faces about the 1-axis.

M12: Twisting moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on the positive and negative 1 faces about the 1-axis, and
acting on the positive and negative 2 faces about the 2-axis.

ohr's theorem 622 214

Axial force @ F11(X) direction:-

Axial force @ F22(Y) direction:-

Inplane Shear @ F12(XY) directi
shear
Out offorce
plane Shear @ V
plane
Out of planeforce
shear Shearin@correspondin
V
plane shear force in correspondin
Bending @ M11(X) direction:- M
Z face @ M22(Y) direction:- M
Bending
Z face
Twisting @ M12(XY) direction:-
If ( ) > 0 Then

Otherwise

Here F11 < F22

x Lx x τc23) x Delta / 1000
ion, Shear reinforcement is not applicable
n the 1-axis direction.
n the 2-axis direction.

es in the 2-axis direction,

faces in the 3-axis

faces in the 3-axis

es about the 2-axis.

es about the 1-axis.

aces about the 1-axis, and

1043 -1.793 -0.341 -2.956 -0.663 0.018 -75.024 247.46 -1.113

ce @ F11(X) direction:- F11 -ve as compression

ce @ F22(Y) direction:- F22 -ve as compression

hear @ F12(XY) direction:- F12 generates inplane
e Shear @ V13(XZ) direction:- F13 generates out of
ane
ar force
ane Shearin@corresponding direction
V23(YZ) direction:- F23 generates out of
ar force in corresponding direction
@ M11(X) direction:- M11 + ve causes Tension on –
@ M22(Y) direction:- M22 + ve causes Tension on –
@ M12(XY) direction:- M12 causes twisting moment
) > 0 Then

/2

/2
M-4) REINFORCEMENT CHECK FOR SHELL ELEMENTS IN FLEXURE

INPUT DATA

a) Section Details

1) Grade of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2

2) Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2

3) Breadth of Section b = 1000 mm

4) Depth of section D = 200 mm

5) Reinforcement Details (These Reinforcement are along global Direction

1-Direction 2-Direction
Reinforcement
Dia.(mm) Spacing Dia.(mm) Spacing
(+) 3 face Reinf 10 200 10 200
(-) 3 face Reinf 0.0001 1000000 0.0000001 1000000

6) Top Clear Cover Ct = 50 mm

7) Bottom Clear Cover Cb = 50 mm

8) Design Condition = Normal

9) Dia. of stirrups, ds = 0.00001 mm

Spacing of stirrups along 1 direction ,s1 = 10000 mm
Spacing of stirrups along 2 direction ,s2 = 10000 mm
Grade of stirrups, fys = 415 N/mm2

b) Element Detail
4) Transformed Design Stress Resultants

F'11 = -3.170 kN
F'22 = -20.240 kN

5) Moment Modification by Woods Criteria

+ve M"11 = 0.00 kN-m

+ve M"22 = 1.17 kN-m
-ve M"11 = -3.93 kN-m
 -ve M"22 = 0.00 kN-m

c) Reinforcement along Local axis

1) Top area/near face area of steel along AST,11,T = 392.70 mm2

Global 1 dir
2) Bottom area /far face area of steel along AST,11,B = 0.00 mm2
Global 1 dir
3) Top area/near face area of steel along AST,22,T = 392.70 mm2
Global 2 dir
4) AST,22,B = 0.00 mm2
Bottom area /far face area of steel along
Global 2 dir
The area of steel and the transformed stress resultants on the Principle planes of the elements are schematically
shown in the FiG.
AST,22,T
AST,22,B
c) Reinforcement along Principal axis 2F'22
AST,11,T 1
AST,11,B F'11

1) Top area/near face area of steel along AST,11,T = 392.70 mm2

Global 1 dir
2) Bottom area /far face area of steel along AST,11,B = 0.00 mm2
Global 1 dir
3) Top area/near face area of steel along AST,22,T = 392.70 mm2
Global 2 dir
4) Bottom area /far face area of steel along AST,22,B = 0.00 mm2
Global 2 dir

d) Reinforcement check along 1

1) Effective Cover at top Ceff,t = Ct+Φ/2

55 mm
2) Effective Cover at Bottom Ceff,b = Cb+Φ/2
50.00000005 mm
3) Principal Force F'11 = -3.170 KN

4) Principal Net Positive Moment +ve M"11 = 0.00 kN-m

5) Principal Net Negative Moment -ve M"22 = -3.93 kN-m

+ve M11
6) Values from P-M Interaction Curves Xu/D P M
kN kN.m

0.09 -46.56 56.95 ( as per sample calcu

From P-M interaction chart values from P-M Int
 From P-M interaction chart 0.11 155.15 83.94

-3.17 63.608 (By interpolati

F'11 3.17 Kn )

7) Ultimate Moment of resistance +ve = 63.608 kN-m

Corresponding to F'11 MUR.F'11

+ve M"11
8) Interaction Ratio INR1 =
+ve MUR.F'11
= 0.00
63.608
= 0.00 Safe

-ve M11
9) Values from P-M Interaction Curves Xu/D P M
kN kN.m

0.09 -46.56 56.95 ( as per sample calcu

From P-M interaction chart values from P-M Int
From P-M interaction chart 0.11 155.15 83.94

-3.17 62.760 (By interpolati

F'11 3.17 Kn )

10) Ultimate Moment of resistance -ve = 62.760 kN-m

Corresponding to F'11 MUR.F'11

-ve M"11
11) Interaction Ratio INR1 =
-ve MUR.F'11
= -3.93
62.760
= 0.06 Safe

e) Reinforcement check along 2

1) Effective Cover at top Ceff,t = Ct+Φ/2
55 mm
2) Effective Cover at Bottom Ceff,b = Cb+Φ/2
50.00000005 mm
3) Principal Force F'22 = -20.240 KN
4) Principal Net Positive Moment +ve M"11 = 1.17 kN-m
5) Principal Net Negative Moment -ve M"22 = 0.00 kN-m

+ve M22
6) Values from P-M Interaction Curves Xu/D P M
 kN kN.m
From P-M interaction chart 0.09 -46.56 56.95
From P-M interaction chart 0.11 155.15 83.94

20.24 65.89 (By interpola

F'22 20.24 Kn )

Ultimate Moment of resistance +ve

7) = 65.89 kN-m
Corresponding to F'22 MUR.F'22
+ve M"22
8) Interaction Ratio for Plane 2 INR2 =
+ve MUR.F'22
= 1.17
65.89
= 0.02 Safe
-ve M22
9) Values from P-M Interaction Curves Xu/D P M
kN kN.m
From P-M interaction chart 0.09 -46.56 56.95
From P-M interaction chart 0.11 155.15 83.94

20.24 63.09 (By interpola

F'22 20.24 Kn )

Ultimate Moment of resistance +ve

10) Corresponding to F'22 = 63.09 kN-m
MUR.F'22
+ve M"22
11) Interaction Ratio for Plane 2 INR2 =
+ve MUR.F'22
= 0.00
63.09
= 0.00 Safe

b) Shear Check on 13

1) Effective Depth d1 = D-Φ1/2-C

= 145.0 mm

2) Pr = 0.35√fck×b×d1
= 277.969 kN

δt = 1-F'11/Pr
= 1.011

δc = 1+3F'11/(bDfck)
= 1.00159
 δc = 1.002

δ = 1.002 (As F'11 is Tensile)

3) Partial Factor of Safety γc = 1.5

4) Allowable shear stress τc1 = 1/γc×[0.18×δ√fck] > =0

= 0.7 N/mm2

5) Shear resisted by Concrete Vc = τc1 x b x d1

= 95.45 kN

6) Shear resisted by Stirrups Vs = Fys / ϒs (π/4 x ds2) d1 / s1/s2

= 0.00

7) Total Shear V13c = Vc +Vs

= 95.455
> 41.177
Safe
b) Shear Check on 23

1) Effective Depth d2 = D-Φ1-C-Φ2/2

= 135.0 mm

2) δc = 1+3F'22/(bDfck)
= 1.010
δc = 1.010

δ = 1.010 (As F'22 is Compressive

3) Partial Factor of Safety γc = 1.5

4) Allowable shear stress τc2 = 1/γc×[0.18×δ√fck]

= 0.664 N/mm2

5) Shear resisted by Concrete Vc = τc2 x b x d2

= 89.63 kN

6) Shear resisted by Stirrups Vs = Fys / ϒs (π/4 x ds2) d2 / s1/s2

= 0.00

7) Total Shear V23c = Vc +Vs

= 89.629
> 13.048
Safe
 437.63676 355.67314 -122.3601 -209.6776899

Normal 1.5

Abnormal 1.3

0.07 0.11

5 6
COMPRESSION 163.144 330.24
COMPRESSION 279.576 437.63
ments are schematically

ASTXZP = ASTXPZ * (Cos(THETA)) ^ 2 + ASTYPZ * (Sin(THETA)) ^ 2

ASTXZN = ASTXNZ * (Cos(THETA)) ^ 2 + ASTYNZ * (Sin(THETA)) ^ 2
ASTYZP = ASTXPZ * (Sin(THETA)) ^ 2 + ASTYPZ * (Cos(THETA)) ^ 2
ASTYZN = ASTXNZ * (Sin(THETA)) ^ 2 + ASTYNZ * (Cos(THETA)) ^ 2

0.11 -557.3899 87.945342

0.17 -1.333754 157.91783

Dia (mm) Spacing (mm) Ast (mm2)

20 175 1795.1958
20 175 1795.1958

COMPRESSION fck = 30
b= 1000
D= 750
d' = 55
d'/D = 0.0733333333
Pu = 9.734

Pt/fck = 0.007978648

( as per sample calculation for

values from P-M Interaction) Pu/fck bD =0.0004326222
 Mu/fck bD2 0.001 0.15
(By interpolation for Pu= -
3.17 Kn ) 0.19
Mu = 16875
-97.12746
16.039134

0.15 -46.56213 56.95333

0.17 155.15114 83.943991
146.07517338
78.172191601

( as per sample calculation for

values from P-M Interaction)

(By interpolation for Pu= -

3.17 Kn )

COMPRESSION 55.156112

0.11 -110.7030005 50.996917

0.15 154.81070661 79.159696
 0.13 15.280053 64.588909

-115.7022 51.019934 49.984955189

(By interpolation for Pu=
20.24 Kn ) 151.25229 79.319591 75.444520759

-31.96746 37.76652
19.543699 22.768726 0.11 23.966551
0.13 182.5109

(By interpolation for Pu=

20.24 Kn )

0.058
 (<=1.5)

(As F'11 is Tensile)

KN

(<=1.5)

(As F'22 is Compressive)

KN
Pt (%)
0.2394
0.2394

-189.2333
43.850465

-566.7262 88.150852
-302.5359 99.710354

3.3567832 130.40802

-28.24481
19.618153
75.148621
95.698599
XU/D = 0.12

d1
Xu
Cu
D

d2

B Strain Diagram Stress Diagram

D = 200 mm

Xu = 24 mm

Ast,t = 392.70 mm2

Ast,b = 0.00 mm2

max strain in concrete

εc = 0.0035

Near bar
distance from compresive end
d1 = 55 mm
strain in bar
= εc x (d1- xu) / xu

= 0.00452083
Stress in bars
= -434.783 N/mm2
( as per SP-16, page no. 6)

force in concrete at the steel level

= 0 N/mm2

force in bars
T1 = -434.783 x 392.6991
= -170.73873 kN
Lever arm
L1 = 200 /2 - 55
45 mm

M1 = -170.73873 x 45 /1000
-7.6832429 kN.m

distance of far bars from compresive end

d2 = 145 mm
strain in bar
= εc x (d2- xu) / xu
= 0.01764583
as d2>xu
Stress in bars
= -434.78261 N/mm2
( as per SP-16, page no. 6)
force in bars
T2 = -434.78261 x 0.00
-3.236E-12 kN

Lever arm
L2 = 200 /2 - 145
-45 mm

M2 = -3.236E-12 x -45 /1000

0.000 kN.m

force in concrete
Cu = 0.362 x 1000 x 30 x 24
page 138 of "Reinforced Concrete Design" by Pillai & Menon
260.64 KN

Lever arm
L3 = 200 /2 - 0.416 x 24
= 90.016 mm

M3 = 260.64 x 90.016 /1000

23.46 kN.m

Pu = Cu + T1 + T2
= 260.64 + -170.74 + 0.00
= 89.90 kN

Mu = M3 + M1 + M2
= 23.46 + -7.68 + 0.00
= 15.78 kN.m

89.9012688 15.77853
0.11 -772.42328 51.51637 6 51.413 0 0
0.15 -381.99952 90.50519 7 90.03
0.09 -196.09309 108.1728
0.1 -158.288 121.2845
 pu 89.90
mu 15.77853

T1

T2

0.08
0.07 -170 76.6984 9.734
816.33 946.018

FYD 434.7826 E 200000

347.8261 0.001739
0.002722 369.5652 0.001948
391.3043 0.002257
413.0435 0.002765
423.913 0.00312

434.7826 0.004174
411.1966

-0.58865

0.0035 * (XU - OD * 0.5 + YI) / XU

-0.117542

FCI = AX * FCK * (2# * (ESI / 0.002) - (ESI / 0.002) ^ 2)

VAL_A 0.0181
CC 1140300
 0 0 0 0
0 347.8261 0.001739 0 0 347.8261 0.001739 0
0 369.5652 0.001948 0 0 369.5652 0.001948 0
0 391.3043 0.002257 0 0 391.3043 0.002257 0
0 413.0435 0.002765 0 0 413.0435 0.002765 0
0 423.913 0.00312 0 0 423.913 0.00312 0

0 434.7826 0.004174 0 0 434.7826 0.004174 0

0.004521 434.7826 1 434.7826 0.017646 434.7826 1 434.7826
434.7826 434.7826
XU/D = 0.15

d1
Xu
Cu
D

d2

B Strain Diagram Stress Diagram

D = 200 mm

Xu = 30 mm

Ast,t = 392.70 mm2

Ast,b = 0.00 mm2

max strain in concrete

εc = 0.0035

Near bar

distance from compresive end

d1 = 55 mm
strain in bar
= εc x (d1- xu) / xu

= 0.002917

Stress in bars
= -417.689 N/mm2
( as per SP-16, page no. 6)

force in concrete at the steel level

= 0 N/mm2

force in bars
T1 = -417.689 x 392.6991
= -164.0262 kN

Lever arm
L1 = 200 /2 - 55
45 mm

M1 = -164.0262 x 45 /1000
-7.381177 kN.m

distance of far bars from compresive end

d2 = 145 mm
strain in bar
= εc x (d2- xu) / xu
= 0.013417
as d2>xu
Stress in bars
= -434.7826 N/mm2
( as per SP-16, page no. 6)
force in bars
T2 = -434.7826 x 4.109E-13
-1.79E-13 kN

Lever arm
L2 = 200 /2 - 145
-45 mm

M2 = -1.79E-13 x -45 /1000

0.000 kN.m

force in concrete
Cu = 0.362 x 1000 x 30 x 30
325.8 KN

Lever arm
L3 = 200 /2 - 0.416 x 30
= 87.52 mm

M3 = 325.8 x 87.52 /1000

28.51402 kN.m

Pu = Cu + T1 + T2
= 325.8 + -164.0262 + -1.79E-13
= 161.7738 kN
Mu = M3 + M1 + M2
= 28.51402 + -7.381177 + 8.04E-15
= 21.13284 kN.m

161.7738 21.13284
0.11 -115.7022 51.01993 6 51.413 0 0
0.15 151.2523 79.31959 7 90.03
0.19 356.4509 99.51336
0.1 -158.288 121.2845
 pu 161.7738
mu 21.13284

T1

T2

0.08
0.07 -170 76.6984 9.734
816.33 946.018

FYD 434.7826 E 200000

347.8261 0.001739
0.002722 369.5652 0.001948
391.3043 0.002257
413.0435 0.002765
 423.913 0.00312

434.7826 0.004174

411.1966

0.789931

0.0035 * (XU - OD * 0.5 + YI) / XU

-0.093333

FCI = AX * FCK * (2# * (ESI / 0.002) - (ESI / 0.002) ^ 2)

VAL_A 0.0181
CC 1140300
 0 0 0 0
0 347.8261 0.001739 0 0 347.8261 0.001739 0
0 369.5652 0.001948 0 0 369.5652 0.001948 0
0 391.3043 0.002257 0 0 391.3043 0.002257 0
0 413.0435 0.002765 0 0 413.0435 0.002765 0
0.002917 423.913 0.00312 417.6892 0 423.913 0.00312 0

0 434.7826 0.004174 0 0 434.7826 0.004174 0

0 434.7826 1 0 0.013417 434.7826 1 434.7826
417.6892 434.7826
far face of wall