Criminology and its evolution

 A knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon (Edwin Hardin Sutherland)

 A process of making laws, breaking laws, and reacting towards the breaking of the laws
 A scientific study of crimes, criminals, and victims
 Deals with the preventions, and solution of crimes

CRIMINOLOGIA CRIMINOLOGIE

 Coined by Rafaelle Garofalo  Paul Topinart

 1885  1887
 Italian word  French word

Social Phenomenon

 Nature of the society

 Can’t be define why crime is committed
 Not a science
- Within the country/ if talking about being specific, it can be a science (RA 11131)
- If talking about in general, it’s not a science

Holy Three of Criminology

 Cesare Lombrosco
 Enrico Feri
 Rafaelle Garofalo

CRIMINOLOGY CRIMINALISTIC
 Focused on social science Applied science
 Theoretical Approach Practical and Technological Approach
 Person of crime Instrumental
 Criminologist Criminalist:
Study on how to detect a crime

Nature of Criminology (S.A.N.D.)

  Applied science:
- Uses different science (Instrumentation)
 Social Science:
- Social Creation
- Society is the one who committed the crime
- Social Phenomenon (Crime created inside the society)
 Dynamic:
- Change
- Crimes are changing as well as the society
 Nationalistic
- Crimes shall exist criminal law within the territory or only inside the country
- Punishment is define and depend on the State accordance to its police power

Criminal Demography

 Study of the relationship between criminality and population

Criminal Epidemiology

 Study of criminality in relationship between environment and criminality

Criminal Ecology

 Study of criminality in relation to special distribution in a community

Criminal Physical Anthropology

 Study of criminality in relation to physical constitution of men (Human species)

Criminal Psychology

 Study of human behaviour in relation to criminality

Criminal Psychiatry

 Study of human in relation to criminality

Victimology

 The forgotten one

 Study of crime that focuses on the victim
 Role of the victim in the commission of crime

Sociology

 The study of the human society

August Comte

 Father of sociology

Emile Durkhem

 Father of modern sociology

Criminological Research:

 Study of crime correlated with antecedent variables, state of crime trend

 Study to prevent crime
Connected with the victim:

 Active precipitation
- Occurs when victims act provocatively, use threats, or even attacks first
- The one who provoked becomes the victims

 Passive Precipitation:
- Occurs when the victim exhibits some personal characteristics that unknowingly either
threaten or encourage the attacker

3 types of victims:

I. Primary Victim:
- Those who directly suffered as a result of the crime
II. Secondary Victim:
- Those Who suffered indirectly such as the spouse, children, parent, brothers, sisters, or
relative of the victim
III. Tertiary (Remote Victim)
- Those who become victim psychologically because they become afraid of the effects of
crime by watching television, newspaper, listening to witness testimony

Crime:

 An act or omission in violation of a public law forbidding or commanding it (F.O.I.)

FELONY OFFENSE INFRACTION

An act or omission punishable
by law which is committed by
means of dolo (deceit) or culpa
(fault) and punishable under the
Revise Penal Code
(RPC ACT- 3815) An act or omission in violation of An act or omission in violation of
a special law a city or municipality
A crime typically one involving
violence, regarded as more
serious than a misdemeanor
and usually punishable by
imprisonment for more than
one year or by death.

Act
Any kind of body movement
that produces change in the
outside world.
Overt
Act The external act within if
coninued will logically result
in a felony

It's the start of criminal

Act must be an external act
liability because the offender
which has a direct
has commenced the
connection with the felony
commission of offense with
intented to be committed
an overt act.