SHS

General Physics 1
Quarter 2 – Week 4
Module 4 - Damped and Driven Oscillation
General Physics 1
Grade 11/12 Quarter 2 - Module 4 - Damped and Driven Oscillation
First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: CHRIS JAN NONAN

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

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Schools Division Superintendent

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Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

General Physics 1
Quarter 2 – Week 4
Module 4 - Damped and
Driven Oscillation
 Target

We are living in a world of waves, we are surrounded by waves: from simple

water waves, to radio waves and electromagnetic waves. We are constantly living in
a world of waves, wherein we can’t live without it.

We see the beauty of the world because of light wave and we can hear
because of sound waves. Information Technology without the utilization of radio
waves and microwaves is impossible.

In this Chapter we will unravel more the World of Waves, how it started, its
kinds and its properties.

After going through this Learning Material, you are expected to:

1. Differentiate underdamped, overdamped, and critically damped motion

(STEM_GP12PMIId-28)
2. Define mechanical wave, longitudinal wave, transverse wave, periodic
wave, and sinusoidal wave. (STEM_GP12PMIId-31)
3. From a given sinusoidal wave function infer the speed, wavelength,
frequency, period, direction, and wave number (STEM_GP12PMIId-32)
4. Apply the inverse-square relation between the intensity of waves and
the distance from the source. (STEM_GP12MWSIIe- 34)
 Jumpstart

Contentment is the Equilibrium between the enjoyment of life now and the
anticipation of what is to come.
-Priscilla Shirer

What I know
Answer the following question, write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. What is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating motion?
A. Amplitude C. Period
B. Frequency D. Wavelength
2. The unit use in frequency in honor to its discoverer.
A. Hertz C. Radians
B. Meter D. Seconds
3. Which of the following types of waves that particles move perpendicular to
the direction of wave?
A. Longitudinal C. Sinusoidal
B. Mechanical D. Transverse
4. Which of the following state of matter is best for Mechanical Wave to
propagate?
A. gas C. plasma
B. liquid D. solid
5. It is the number of cycles in a specific amount of time.
A. Amplitude C. Period
B. Frequency D. Wavelength
What I Observed
Describe the Amplitude of the pendulum as shown in the picture.
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 Discover

LESSON 1 SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILATION

Oscillatory Motion
“Oscillatory motion is the repeated to and
from movement of a system from its equilibrium
position. Every system at rest is in its equilibrium
position. At this point, no external force is acting on
it. Therefore, the net force acting on the system is
zero. Now, if this system is displaced a little from
its fixed point, a force acts on the system which
tries to bring back the system to its fixed point.
This force is the restoring force and it gives rise to
oscillations or vibrations.”
Photo Credits to toppr.com

Damping is the decrease in amplitude of an oscillation as a result of energy

being drained from the system to overcome frictional or other resistive forces.

Undamped oscillations are those

oscillatory motion where its amplitude
remains the same or constant. Shown in the
illustration that the pendulum swings at a
constant amplitude.

Photo credits to Quex Book

Therefore, the motion of the pendulum in

wave form would look like this

Photo credits to Quex Book

 Damped oscillations are those oscillatory motion where its amplitude
decreases with time until it achieves the state of equilibrium.
In the diagram, the pendulum swings to position 1 first, then 2, 3, 4 until it
becomes still (5)

Photo credits to Quex Book

The under damped condition in

which damping of an oscillator causes it
to return to equilibrium with the
amplitude gradually decreasing to zero;
system returns to equilibrium faster but
overshoots and crosses the equilibrium
position one or more time

Photo credits to Quex Book

The critically damped condition

in which the damping of an oscillator
causes it to return as quickly as possible
to its equilibrium position without
oscillating back and forth about this
position.

Photo credits to Quex Book

The over damped condition in

which damping of an oscillator causes it
to return to equilibrium without
oscillating; oscillator moves more slowly
toward equilibrium than in the critically
damped system.
Photo credits to Quex Book
 LESSON 2 CLASSIFICATION OF WAVES

Waves

Mechanical Waves Electromagnetic Waves

Transvers e Wave Radio Waves

Water
Longitudi nal Wave Microwaves Infrared Light Ultraviolet
Waves
X-ray
Gamma Rays

A wave is a disturbance in a medium that carries energy without particles

being moved. It may take the form of elastic deformation, a variation of pressure,
electric or magnetic intensity, electric potential, or temperature.

Mechanical Waves
Mechanical waves are defined as the waves which needed any type of
medium for propagation. It is a wave that is not capable of transmitting its energy
through a vacuum. Mechanical waves require a medium in order to transport their
energy from one location to another. A sound wave is an example of a mechanical
wave.
 Examples of Mechanical Wave
 Slinky waves
 Water waves
 Stadium waves
 Jump rope waves


Classifications of Mechanical Wave

 Longitudinal waves
 Transverse waves

Longitudinal wave
A longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a
direction parallel to the direction that the wave moves. Longitudinal waves are
always characterized by particle motion being parallel to wave motion. Figure below
shows how longitudinal wave move.
Examples of Longitudinal Wave
 Sound waves
 Tsunami waves
 Earthquake
 P - waves
 Ultra sounds
 Vibrations in gas
 Oscillations in spring
 Internal water waves and
 Waves in slink
Transverse wave
A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a
direction perpendicular to the direction that the wave moves.
Examples of Transverse Wave
 Light wave
 Audience wave
 Radio waves
 Television waves
 Visible light waves
 Ultraviolet waves
 Vibrating guitar strings
 Magnetic waves
 LESSON 3 SINUSOIDAL WAVE AND SINUSOIDAL EQUATION

Photo credits to allaboutcircuits.com

Sine wave is any oscillation, such as a sound wave or alternating current,

whose waveform is that of a sine curve.
A waveform that represents periodic oscillations in which the amplitude of
displacement at each point is proportional to the sine of the phase angle of the
displacement and that is visualized as a sine curve.

Sinusoidal Equation

y(x,t)=Asin(kx−ωt+ϕ)
x = space coordinate
t = time coordinate
ϕ = phase shift
k= wave number
A = sine wave’s amplitude
ω = angular frequency (2𝜋𝑓)

Photo credits to Quex Book

Characteristics of a sine wave
Cycle: In a sine wave, it is the complete event starting with a rise from zero energy
to a maximum amplitude, its return to zero, the rise to a maximum in the opposite
direction, and then its return to zero.

Photo credits to Quex Book

Frequency: The number of cycles of vibration in a given unit of time. The number
of cycles in a second is one Hertz (Hz), after the German physicist who discovered
it. Therefore, 1Hz equals one cycle per second.
1
𝑓 =
𝑇
f = frequency
T = period
Period: the time it takes to complete one cycle.
1
𝑇 =
𝑓
f = frequency
T = period
Wavelength: The distance sound travels during one period, regardless of frequency.
𝑣
𝜆 =
𝑓
𝜆 = wavelength
v = speed
f = frequency
 Photo credits to Quex Book
Wave Speed: the speed at which a wave It is related to wavelength, frequency, and
period by the equation:
1
𝑣 = 𝑓𝑥𝜆 or 𝑣 = 𝑥𝜆
𝑇
Where:
v = speed
f = frequency
𝜆 = wavelength
T = period

Direction of a wave: For a moving wave, you consider a particular part of it as

moving. This means that the same y would be found at other x for other t, and if you
change t, you need to change x in the equation of sinusoidal wave, if t increase, x
must increase to make up for it. That makes a wave moving in positive direction.

Wave number: refers to the number of complete wave cycles of an electromagnetic

field (EM field) that exist in one meter (1 m) of linear space. Wave number is
expressed in reciprocal meters (m-1).
2𝜋
𝑘=
𝜆
Speed of waves in a stretched string: The speed of waves in a stretched string
depends on the tension F in the string as well as the mass per unit length μ of the
string as
Sample Problem
A 120-cm guitar string is under a tension of 400N. The mass of the
string is 0.480 grams. Calculate (a) the mass per unit length of the string
and (b) the speed of waves in it.
Given:
m = 0.480 g convert to kg
l = 120 cm convert to m
F = 400 N
v =?
𝑚 𝐹
Formula: 𝜇 = 𝑣=
𝑙 √𝜇
𝑚 𝐹
Solution: 𝜇 = 𝑣=
𝑙 √𝜇

0.48×10 −3
1.2 𝑚 𝑘𝑔
𝑣=√ 400
−4𝑘𝑔/𝑚
𝜇= 4 × 10

𝜇 = 4 × 10−4𝑘𝑔/𝑚 𝑣 = 1000𝑚/𝑠
Sample Problem 2
A 120-cm guitar string is under a tension of 400N. The mass of the
string is 0.480 grams. The amplitude of the wave is 0.1 m and the angular
frequency is 100 radians/s Calculate the transmitted power.
Given:
m = 0.480 g
l = 120 cm
F = 400 N
A = 0.1 m
ω = 100 radians/s
Formula:
1
𝑃 = 𝜇𝜔2𝐴2𝑣
2
Solution:
1
𝑃 = 𝜇𝜔2 𝐴2𝑣
2
1 −4 2
𝑃= (4 𝑥10 𝑘𝑔/𝑚) ( 100 𝑚)(1000𝑚/𝑠)
2
𝑃 = 20 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
 Explore

What I have learned?

Lesson 1 (Damped Ways to Learn)
Differentiate underdamped, overdamped, and critically damped oscillatory motion.

Lesson 2 (Making Waves)

Define the following classifications of waves.
Mechanical Waves

Transverse Waves VS Longitudinal Waves

Lesson 3 (What Makes Waves)

Define the different characteristics of waves discussed in Lesson 3
 Deepen

To deepen your understanding regarding Underdamped, Overdamped and

Critically Damp Systems. Cite for technology, gadget or machine that uses
Oscillatory systems in order to function.

Waves have different characteristics, to understand these characteristics;

draw a module of Sine Wave and Label the characteristics.
Problem 1
A person lying on an air mattress in the ocean rises and falls through one complete
cycle every five seconds. The crests of the wave causing the motion are 20.0 m
apart. Determine (a) the frequency and (b) the speed of the wave.
 Gauge

Part 1 Multiple Choice

Answer the following question, write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. What is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating motion?
A. Amplitude C. Period
B. Frequency D. Wavelength
2. The unit use in frequency in honor to its discoverer.
A. Hertz C. Radians
B. Meter D. Seconds
3. Which of the following types of waves that particles move perpendicular to
the direction of wave?
A. Longitudinal C. Sinusoidal
B. Mechanical D. Transverse
4. Which of the following state of matter is best for Mechanical Wave to
propagate?
A. gas C. plasma
B. liquid D. solid
5. It is the number of cycles in a specific amount of time.
A. Amplitude C. Period
B. Frequency D. Wavelength
6. If the particles of the medium are vibrating to and fro in the same direction
of energy transport, then the wave is a wave.
A. Longitudinal C. Sinusoidal
B. Mechanical D. Transverse
7. When the particles of a medium are vibrating at right angles to the direction
of energy transport, then the wave is a wave.
A. Longitudinal C. Sinusoidal
B. Mechanical D. Transverse
8. What is the amplitude of the wave in the diagram below?

A. 0.03 m. C. 0.05 m.
B. 0.04 m. D. 0.06 m.
 9. The wavelength of the wave in the diagram above (Question #8) is m.
A. 0.03 m. C. 0.05 m.
B. 0.04 m. D. 0.06 m.
Consider the following diagram

10. How many complete waves are shown in the diagram?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1.5

Part 2
The linear density of the A string on a violin is 7.8 × 10-4 kg/m. A wave on the
string has a frequency of 440 Hz and a wavelength of 65 cm. What is the tension in
the string?
References
Published
Gil Nonato C. Santos, Ph.D., 2017, General Physics 1, Philippines, Rex
Book Store pp. 56-73

Angelina A. Silverio, 2007, Exploring Life through Science PHYSICS

Philippines, Phoenix Publishing House, pp. 53-56
eBook
Quex Book

Websites

Oscillatory Motion: Definition, Displacement, Difference,

Examples, Videos. (2020, May 19). Retrieved October 21, 2020,
from
https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics/oscillations/periodic-
and-oscillatory-motion/

Wave - Types of Waves, Properties of Waves & Application of

Waves: BYJU'S. Retrieved October 21, 2020, from
https://byjus.com/physics/waves/